Glyphosate‐resistant Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) on rice paddy levees in Japan     

Yuki Niinomi  Mutsuhiro Ikeda  Masayuki Yamashita  Yoshiki Ishida  Motoaki Asai  Yoshiko Shimono  Tohru Tominaga  Hitoshi Sawada 《Weed Biology and Management》2013,13(1):31-38

The rapid range expansion of naturalized Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) in farmland is a serious problem in Fukuroi city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. Glyphosate has been used to control Italian ryegrass in the levees of rice paddy fields and wheat fields for ～20 years, but this weed in Fukuroi city is poorly controlled by glyphosate. In order to elucidate the level of resistance to glyphosate in Italian ryegrass populations, seed bioassays and a foliar application experiment, using seeds collected from 16 wild populations in and around Fukuroi city and from three susceptible cultivars, were conducted. For the susceptible cultivars and one population from a site where glyphosate had not been applied for >10 years, the shoot length in the seed bioassays was greatly suppressed at a glyphosate concentration of 10 mg ai L^?1 and no seedling survived after the foliar application of glyphosate at a rate of 2.3 kg ai ha^?1. Nine wild populations from levees in the southern part of Fukuroi city showed vigorous shoot growth at a glyphosate concentration of 10 mg ai L^?1 and had at least a 78% survival rate after the application of glyphosate at 2.3 kg ai ha^?1. Four wild populations from levees in the northern part of Fukuroi city showed a slight suppression of the shoot growth as a result of the glyphosate treatment and their survival rates ranged from 20 to 64%. The results suggested that resistance to glyphosate has evolved in the wild populations of Italian ryegrass that are growing on the levees. This is the first report of a glyphosate‐resistant weed in Japan.  相似文献   

Fusarium proliferatum, an additional bulb rot pathogen of Chinese chive     

Mutsuko Yamazaki  Yasuaki Morita  Takeshi Kashiwa  Tohru Teraoka  Tsutomu Arie 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2013,79(6):431-434

This is the first report of a disease of Chinese chive caused by Fusarium proliferatum. Because the symptoms are similar to those of the bulb rot (kampu-byo in Japanese) caused by F. oxysporum, we propose F. proliferatum as another causal agent of bulb rot of Chinese chive. Symptoms are wilting of leaves and brown rot on the basal bulbs of Chinese chive. A Fusarium sp., frequently isolated from symptomatic plants, produced identical symptoms on Chinese chive after inoculation, and was reisolated from the diseased plants. The fungus was identified as F. proliferatum based on morphological, cultural, and molecular characteristics.  相似文献   

Retraction     

Fukuhara A  Matsuda M  Nishizawa M  Segawa K  Tanaka M  Kishimoto K  Matsuki Y  Murakami M  Ichisaka T  Murakami H  Watanabe E  Takagi T  Akiyoshi M  Ohtsubo T  Kihara S  Yamashita S  Makishima M  Funahashi T  Yamanaka S  Hiramatsu R  Matsuzawa Y  Shimomura I 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,318(5850):565

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Composition of acidic components in Chinese raw tall oil   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Shi-Fa Wang  Takeshi Furuno  Zhi Cheng  Tohru Uehara  Sadanobu Katoh 《Journal of Wood Science》2000,46(3):258-262

Chinese raw tall oil samples, which were obtained from pulp and papermaking factories in Qingzhou and Jiamusi, were first divided into acidic and neutral parts with a diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex (DEAE-Sephadex) gel column. The acidic components were then analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results obtained are as follows: Most of the compounds that comprised 0.1% or more of the components were identified. Secodehydroabietic, 8,15-pimaradienoic, 8,15-isopimaradienoic, 7,13,15-abietatrien-18-oic acid, and others were found for the first time in Chinese tall oil; they have not been found in Chinese fatty rosin. Docosan-1,22-dioic acid was also found in tall oil for the first time.  相似文献   

多元羧酸与木材酯化反应特征和交联反应参数   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

方桂珍  李坚  孔漫  上源澈  古野毅 《林业科学》1998,34(6):93-98

本研究采用以多元羧酸类化合物为酯化剂,以无机盐为催化剂的交联体系。这一体系是新型的、水溶的、无毒害、无污染、木材交联反应未采用过的非甲醛系试剂交联体系。本文采用ＦＴＩＲ和ＣＰ／ＭＡＳ１３ＣＮＭＲ的光谱法确定了多元羧酸类化合物与木材交联反应产物的形成特征和交联反应参数。  相似文献   

Incongruence between RFLPs of chloroplast DNA and morphological classification in east Asian pear (Pyrus spp.)   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Hiroyuki Iketani  Tohru Manabe  Nagao Matsuta  Tomoya Akihama  Tateki Hayashi 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1998,45(6):533-539

Polymorphism of chloroplast DNA of 106 accessions of Pyrus (mainly east Asian accessions) was examined. Four haplotypes were observed with the combination of three independent restriction site mutations digested by EcoO109 I, Sal I, and Xba I, respectively. In the occidental pear accessions only the most plesiomorphic type was observed, whereas all four types appeared in the oriental pear accessions. This suggests that the oriental species of Pyrus and occidental ones may have evolved independently. The distribution of four haplotypes in the east Asian pear was quite incongruent with the species or infrageneric classification using mainly morphological characters. Considering the high crossability and much occurrence of suspected interspecific hybrids in wild populations, this disaccord is inferred to be the results of the hybridization and introgression between species.  相似文献   

Isolation and characterization of the rbcS genes from a sterile mutant of Ulva pertusa (Ulvales,Chlorophyta) and transient gene expression using the rbcS gene promoter     

Kakinuma  Makoto  Ikeda  Masaki  Coury  Daniel A.  Tominaga  Hiroshi  Kobayashi  Issei  Amano  Hideomi 《Fisheries Science》2009,75(4):1015-1028

We isolated two different genomic DNAs (UprbcS1 and UprbcS2) encoding the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and portions of the 5′- and 3′-flanking regions from sterile Ulva pertusa Kjellman. The UprbcS1 and UprbcS2 genes had three introns in the coding region. Each predicted UprbcS polypeptide was a 180-amino-acid (AA) residue including a 38-AA transit peptide, although the 104th AA residue was replaced. The nucleotide sequences of UprbcS cDNAs isolated from a cDNA library corresponded to that of the UprbcS1 gene, suggesting that the UprbcS1 gene was predominantly expressed in sterile U. pertusa compared to UprbcS2. Southern blot analysis showed that each UprbcS gene was a single-copy gene in the sterile U. pertusa genome. Northern hybridization indicated that the expression of UprbcS was induced and repressed by dark and light treatments, respectively. When sterile U. pertusa cells were transformed with an expression vector containing the UprbcS1 promoter and terminator sequences fused with the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene, GFP fluorescence was observed in the cells transformed. These results suggest that the UprbcS1 gene promoter is light regulated and highly active in the sterile U. pertusa cells and is available for genetic transformation system in the alga.  相似文献