Immunolocalization of chloride transporters to gill epithelia of euryhaline teleosts with opposite salinity-induced Na<Superscript>+</Superscript>/K<Superscript>+</Superscript>-ATPase responses     

Tang CH  Hwang LY  Shen ID  Chiu YH  Lee TH 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2011,37(4):709-724

Opposite patterns of branchial Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase (NKA) responses were found in euryhaline milkfish (Chanos chanos) and pufferfish (Tetraodon nigroviridis) upon salinity challenge. Because the electrochemical gradient established by NKA is thought to be the driving force for transcellular Cl⁻ transport in fish gills, the aim of this study was to explore whether the differential patterns of NKA responses found in milkfish and pufferfish would lead to distinct distribution of Cl⁻ transporters in their gill epithelial cells indicating different Cl⁻ transport mechanisms. In this study, immunolocalization of various Cl⁻ transport proteins, including Na⁺/K⁺/2Cl⁻ cotransporter (NKCC), cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), anion exchanger 1 (AE1), and chloride channel 3 (ClC-3), were double stained with NKA, the basolateral marker of branchial mitochondrion-rich cells (MRCs), to reveal the localization of these transporter proteins in gill MRC of FW- or SW-acclimated milkfish and pufferfish. Confocal microscopic observations showed that the localization of these transport proteins in the gill MRCs of the two studied species were similar. However, the number of gill NKA-immunoreactive (IR) cells in milkfish and pufferfish exhibited to vary with environmental salinities. An increase in the number of NKA-IR cells should lead to the elevation of NKA activity in FW milkfish and SW pufferfish. Taken together, the opposite branchial NKA responses observed in milkfish and pufferfish upon salinity challenge could be attributed to alterations in the number of NKA-IR cells. Furthermore, the localization of these Cl⁻ transporters in gill MRCs of the two studied species was identical. It depicted the two studied euryhaline species possess the similar Cl⁻ transport mechanisms in gills.  相似文献   

Schisandrin B protects against solar irradiation-induced oxidative stress in rat skin tissue     

Lam PY  Yan CW  Chiu PY  Leung HY  Ko KM 《Fitoterapia》2011,82(3):393-400

Schisandrin B (Sch B) and schisandrin C (Sch C), but not schisandrin A and dimethyl diphenyl bicarboxylate, protected rat skin tissue against solar irradiation-induced oxidative injury, as evidenced by a reversal of solar irradiation-induced changes in cellular reduced glutathione and α-tocopherol levels, as well as antioxidant enzyme activities and malondialdehyde production. The cytochrome P-450-mediated metabolism of Sch B or Sch C caused ROS production in rat skin microsomes. Taken together, Sch B or Sch C, by virtue of its pro-oxidant action and the subsequent eliciting of a glutathione antioxidant response, may prevent photo-aging of skin.  相似文献   

Seasonal changes in atrophy-associated proteins of the sonic muscle in the big-snout croaker, Johnius macrorhynus (Pisces, Sciaenidae), identified by using a proteomic approach     

Lin YC  Chiu KH  Shiea J  Huang HW  Mok HK 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2011,37(4):977-991

In most sciaenids, males possess sonic muscles and produce sound through the contraction of these muscles and amplification of the swim bladder. The sonic muscles in some fishes exhibit seasonal changes in size. For example, they are hypertrophic in the spawning season, and atrophic in the non-spawning months. The protein profiles of the sonic muscle, red muscle, and white muscle in the Johnius macrorhynus were shown by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and were compared to reveal differential protein expressions. About 80 up-regulated protein spots in the sonic muscle, and 30 spots related to six contractile proteins (fast muscle myosin heavy chain, skeletal alpha actin, alpha actin cardiac, tropomyosin, myosin light chain 2, and myosin light chain 3), four energy metabolic enzymes (enolase, acyl-CoA synthetase, creatine kinase, and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase), and two miscellaneous proteins (DEAD box protein and cyclin H) were identified. Seasonal hypertrophy and atrophy of the sonic muscles related to the reproductive cycle were verified in male big-snout croaker. The contents of some proteins were significantly different in the muscles under these conditions. The levels of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, fast muscle myosin heavy chain, DEAD box proteins, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase were up-regulated in the hypertrophic muscle, but the levels of alpha actin cardiac, myosin light 2, and myosin light 3 were lower than in the atrophic muscle. Potential reasons for these differences in protein expression related to physiological adaptation are discussed.  相似文献   

Adjuvant activity of chicken interleukin-12 co-administered with infectious bursal disease virus recombinant VP2 antigen in chickens     

Su BS  Chiu HH  Lin CC  Shien JH  Yin HS  Lee LH 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2011,139(2-4):167-175

A recombinant fowlpox virus (rFPV/VP2) expressing infectious bursal diseases virus (IBDV) VP2 gene has been constructed. After purification and identification of rFPV/VP2, the adjuvant activity of the recombinant chicken IL-12 (rchIL-12), synthesized by our previous construct of rFPV/chIL-12, in rFPV/VP2-expressed rVP2 antigen was assessed in one-week-old specific-pathogen free chickens. The results indicated that rchIL-12 alone or rchIL-12 plus mineral oil (MO) co-administered with rVP2 antigen significantly enhanced the production of serum neutralization (SN) antibody against IBDV, compared to those with MO alone. The SN titers in groups receiving rVP2 antigen with MO alone were more inconsistent after vaccination. On the other hand, rchIL-12 significantly stimulated IFN-γ production in serum and in splenocyte cultured supernatant, suggesting that rchIL-12 alone or plus MO significantly induced a cell-mediated immune response. Finally, bursal lesion protection from very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) challenge in chickens receiving rVP2 antigen with rchIL-12 alone or plus MO was much more effective than that with MO alone at two weeks after boosting. Taken together, rchIL-12 alone augmented in vivo the induction of a primary and also a secondary SN antibody production and a cell-mediated immunity against IBDV rVP2 antigen, which conferred the enhancement of bursal lesion protective efficacy from vvIBDV challenge. These data indicated that a potential for chIL-12 as immunoadjuvant for chicken vaccine development such as IBDV rVP2 antigen.  相似文献   

Serological survey for antibodies to Encephalitozoon cuniculi in rabbits in Taiwan     

Tee KY  Kao JP  Chiu HY  Chang MH  Wang JH  Tung KC  Cheng FP  Wu JT 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,183(1-2):68-71

Encephalitozoon cuniculi (E. cuniculi) is a microsporidian parasite commonly found in rabbits that can infect humans, causing encephalitozoonosis. Our laboratory recently confirmed the first case of encephalitozoonosis in a rabbit in Taiwan; the prevalence of encephalitozoonosis is not well documented, even when many clinics suspect pet rabbits as being infected. This study surveys the seropositivity of E. cuniculi using carbon immunoassay (CIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serological examination of 171 rabbits using CIA and ELISA showed that 63.2% (108/171) and 67.8% (116/171) were seropositive against E. cuniculi, respectively. Thirteen of the 14 rabbits (92.9%) with neurological symptoms were seropositive. Except for gender, health status and location had a significant effect on E. cuniculi seropositivity (p<0.05). Adult rabbits aged older than 4 months exhibited significantly higher seropositivity for E. cuniculi than young rabbits (p<0.05). In conclusion, this study shows that E. cuniculi is present and widespread among healthy rabbits in Taiwan. Therefore, the fields of veterinary and human medicine in Taiwan should be aware of this zoonotic issue and the resulting public health concern of encephalitozoonosis.  相似文献   

Fucoxanthin enhances HO-1 and NQO1 expression in murine hepatic BNL CL.2 cells through activation of the Nrf2/ARE system partially by its pro-oxidant activity     

Liu CL  Chiu YT  Hu ML 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(20):11344-11351

To determine whether fucoxanthin, a major carotenoid in brown sea algae, may activate cellular antioxidant enzymes via up-regulation of the Nrf2/antioxidant-response element (ARE) pathway, we incubated mouse hepatic BNL CL.2 cells with fucoxanthin (0.5-20 μM) for 0-24 h. We found that fucoxanthin (≥5 μM) significantly increased cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) at 6 h of incubation, whereas preincubation with α-d-tocopherol (30 μM) significantly attenuated the increase of ROS, indicating the pro-oxidant nature of fucoxanthin. Fucoxanthin significantly increased the phosphorylation of ERK and p38 and markedly increased nuclear Nrf2 protein accumulation after incubation for 12 h. Moreover, fucoxanthin significantly enhanced binding activities of nuclear Nrf2 with ARE and increased mRNA and protein expression of HO-1 and NQO1 after incubation for 12 h. siRNA inhibition of Nrf2 led to markedly decreased HO-1 and NQO1 protein expression. Thus, fucoxanthin may exert its antioxidant activity, at least partly, through its pro-oxidant actions.  相似文献   

NS-83对桃蚜传播芜菁花叶病毒(TuMV)的作用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨普云  雷新云 《植物病理学报》1991,21(3):229-233

 1% NS-83乳剂喷布饲毒毒源芥菜(Brassica juncea)病株与检测植物油青菜(Brassica chinensis)植株,桃蚜传播TuMV受到了显著抑制,抑制效果为39.0%左右,但用乳化剂处理的植株未表现抑制作用。NS-83的抑制效果随使用乳剂中NS-83浓度升高而增加,随接种压力(每株传毒蚜虫数)增大而降低。桃蚜在传毒前、饲毒时和传毒时口针接触NS-83后,传播TuMV分别受到了41.8,29.4和14.1%的抑制。NS-83以不同方式处理饲毒株与传毒株,抑制效果不同,结果表明NS-83在TuMV一桃蚜复合关系中起作用。用1% NS-83乳剂涂抹芥菜叶片6、12、24、48小时后,桃蚜在上面的探食(试探取食)行为发生了显著的改变,表现在所观察的探食时间的缩短及两次探食间爬行时间的延长。  相似文献   

Barley growth in response to potassium fertilization of soil with long term application of sewage sludge     

Md. Yunus Miah  Chih-Yu Chiu  Hiroaki Hayashi  Mitsuo Chino 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(2):499-504

Application of sludges to agricultural land depressed plant growth despite its beneficial effects on crop production. Hence it remained to be determined whether sludge application induced any adverse effect on crop nutrition or growth. Thus the growth response of barley on an Andosol to which two kinds of sewage sludge compost had been applied for 17 y was tested in pot experiments with and without application of chemical K fertilizer. The addition of K in the sewage sludge composts resulted in the improvement of plant growth, high dry matter production and increase of total K content both in plant and soil compared to the materials without K application. It was assumed that long term application of sewage sludge requires chemical fertilizer amendment for crop production.  相似文献   

Using a fermented mixture of soybean meal and earthworm meal to replace fish meal in the diet of white shrimp,Penaeus vannamei (Boone)          下载免费PDF全文

Shieh‐Tsung Chiu  Saou‐Lien Wong  Ya‐Li Shiu  Chiu‐Hsia Chiu  Wang‐Chen Guei  Chun‐Hung Liu 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(11):3489-3500

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential of a Bacillus subtilis E20‐fermented mixture (FSFEM) containing soybean meal (SBM) and Eisenia fetida earthworm meal (EM) at a ratio of 4:1 to increase the methionine level in order to satisfy the methionine requirement of white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei in a diet with fish meal (FM) completely replaced by mixtures. B. subtilis E20 fermentation improved the mixture's palatability and utilization based on better growth performance in comparison to shrimp fed FSEM (contains fermented SBM and EM at a ratio of 4:1) diets. FSFEM is a good substitute for FM. Maximal replacement levels of FM with FSFEM were 80% in a shrimp diet with 37% of crude protein and 7% of crude lipid based on weight gain and 100% based on feeding efficiency. In addition, shrimp fed experimental diets had no significant differences in survival after being challenged by Vibrio alginolyticus. It is suggested that B. subtilis E20‐FSFEM has the potential to replace FM in cultured shrimp diets.  相似文献   

Basic density determination for Swedish softwoods and its influence on average moisture content of wood packages estimated by measuring their mass     

Tommy Vikberg  Diego Elustondo 《Wood material science & engineering》2016,11(4):248-253

In this work, a set-up with a device measuring the mass of wood packages is examined as an aid to estimate the average moisture content (MC) of wood packages. As the basic density needs to be presumed in the set-up, an estimator of the basic density as a function of log diameter is determined for Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). In total, 1920 specimens were collected at two different sawmills and analysed for this purpose. Specimens collected at the butt-end of pine had the greatest variation in basic density and it is recommended that they should be omitted when sawmills create their own functions for basic density estimation. Furthermore, the variation in basic density was shown to have the greatest impact on the estimated MC. A maximum error estimator of the MC became 14% at a MC of 70% and 9% at a MC of 10%. It was therefore concluded that the described method should not be used to estimate the MC of packages after drying but can serve as a valuable indicator of average green MC of a drying batch.  相似文献