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81.
82.
This study evaluated the effects of priming on emergence responses of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L. Moench) seeds. The seeds that differ in seed size were either primed with moistened vermiculite (solid matrix priming) or primed in non-aerated −0.5 MPa polyethylene glycol 6000 solution at 25 °C for 6 days (osmopriming), followed by air-drying to their initial moisture level. The tetrazolium staining tests indicated that both large and small seeds were biochemically viable. No notable difference in germination percentage was found between large and small seeds. However, extensive cavity was visible in portions of small seeds in comparison with large seeds. Large seeds accumulated more antioxidants and had greater activities of anti-oxidative enzymes than small seeds. They also had greater isocitrate lyase and malate synthase activities than small seeds. As a result, large seeds had higher emergence percentage and faster emergence speed as compared to that of small seeds. Both solid matrix priming and osmopriming increased emergence percentage and shortened mean emergence time of purple coneflower seeds by increasing the activities of anti-oxidative enzymes and decreasing the levels of malondialdehyde and total peroxide accumulation. Moreover, priming also enhanced the anti-oxidative activities of treated seeds. The activities of isocitrate lyase and malate synthase were also increased in primed seeds. The enhanced anti-oxidation and lipid-carbohydrate conversion activities might explain in part why primed purple coneflower seeds emerged better than non-primed seeds. 相似文献
83.
从北京郊区患有类似花叶病害的菜豆株上分离到一种线条状病毒(长约700至750nm)并于1983至1986年间加以研究。在温室内接种可以侵染菜豆、蚕豆、豌豆、大豆、决明、苋色藜及昆诺藜而不能侵染被接种的任何茄科植物.同标准的菜豆普遍花叶病毒(BCMV)相比,它不侵染茄科植物例如黄花烟(Nicotiana rustica)和矮牵牛(Petunia hybrida)在菜豆叶上也不产生坏死枯斑.此外它能侵染蚕豆、大豆、豌豆及决明而BCMV则不能.BCMV能侵染豇豆而这一分离物则不能.此分离物的物理性状为:钝化温度=56-580℃(十分钟),硫释限点=10-3至10-4,180℃下存治期为3天,A260/280=1.12.菜豆受侵叶组织易用光学显微镜观察到内含体包括一种片层叠合体.在电镜下超薄切片中可以看到风轮状体.极易用汁液摩接及用桃蚜(Myzus persic(接种.此病毒的衣壳蛋白亚基的分子量经测定为32,000道尔顿.此病毒与下列病毒即菜豆普通花叶病毒,菜豆黄色花叶病毒,黑眼豇豆花叶病毒,豌豆种传花叶病毒,三叶草黄脉病毒,莴苣花叶病毒及甜菜花叶病毒的抗血清均无反应.由于它在菜豆的"一窝猴"品种的叶片上产生沿脉黄色小点,因此认为这是一种新的独立的病毒,称之为菜豆和性黄色花叶病毒. 相似文献
84.
在田间的小麦丛矮病非典型病株申常常分离到北方禾谷花叶病毒(NCMV)及玉米粗缩病毒(MRDV)两种病原物。单独用前者接种,仅表现小麦丛矮症,单独用后者接种,仅表现小麦蓝矮症,即植株矮化、暗绿、分蘖减少,叶坚挺。两者混合侵染时,往往表现两者的混合症状,但以何种病毒占优势而倾向于优势病毒的症状。典型丛矮症植株中电镜检出弹状病毒粒体,40—70×270—400nm尺度与日本报导的稍异。典型丛矮病株中不存在玉米粗缩病毒的粒体。小麦丛矮病毒很可能是北方禾谷花叶病毒的一种地方性株系。 相似文献
85.
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) causes a contagious immunosuppressive disease in chickens. The aim of the present study is to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the expressed VP2 or VP3 protein of IBDV as the coating antigen for detecting antibodies to IBDV. Experimental results were compared with virus neutralization assay and a commercial-available ELISA. These assays were used to examine the sera from farm chickens and chickens vaccinated experimentally. The VP3-based ELISA had a higher correlation coefficient (R(2)) of 0.812 with a commercial ELISA kit at a serum dilution of 1:500 than that of VP2-based ELISA (R(2)) of 0.671. The relative sensitivity between virus neutralization and VP2-ELISA and VP3-ELISA was 96% (251/262) and 100% (262/262), respectively, and that between virus neutralization and a commercial ELISA was 99% (257/261). Additionally, compared with virus neutralization assay, the reference technique for diagnosing IBDV, VP3-based ELISA had an agreement value of 99%, superior to that of VP2-based ELISA (95%) or the commercial kit (89%). These results revealed that the capability of either VP2-ELISA or VP3-ELISA in detecting the field chicken sera was comparable to the commercial one, which is generally used to replace the virus neutralization assay. However, the preparation of VP3 is derived from an Escherichia coli expression system with a high yield and purification efficiency by Ni(2+)-NTA gels, which is more favorable to the insect cell-derived particles formed by VP2. Therefore, VP3-ELISA could be developed as an efficient and low cost diagnostic method for IBDV infection in field chickens. 相似文献
86.
Tommy Firman 《Asia Pacific viewpoint》1999,40(1):45-58
This paper examines patterns of migration in Jakarta City based on the 1995 Intercensal Survey (SUPAS) Data. It shows the emergence of female in-migration in response to the shift of economic activities in the city from manufacturing industries to services and finance sectors. The study also documents migration from Jakarta, the core of Jabotabek (Jakarta Metropolitan Area) to the fringe areas, which reflects the physical as well as socio-economical restructuring of this Metropolitan Area. 相似文献
87.
Soil solutions expelled by high‐speed centrifugation (13900 g) of intact soil sample cores at field moisture from 30 forest topsoils (A horizons of mainly Dystric and Eutric Cambisols, according to the FAO‐Unesco system) low in clay were subjected to analysis of 60 elements, using ICP‐MS and ICP‐AES. Concentrations measured were related to soil and soil solution properties assumed to be important for the solubility of elements, using stepwise regression analysis. On an average two thirds of the variability in soil solution concentration of elements were accounted for by, in particular, organic C concentrations, pH and/or nitrate concentrations of the solutions, varying among elements from 19 to 90 %. Concentrations of elements strongly positively related to soil solution acidity were Al, Be, Ge, Li, Ni, Pb, and Zn, strongly negatively related to acidity were Ca, Mo, and W. Most positively related to nitrate concentrations in soil solutions were B, Ba, Cd, Mg, Mn, and Sr; negatively were Nb, Ta, and Ti. Concentrations of organic C in the soil solutions correlated positively, often quite closely, with most of the other elements studied, including La, all the lanthanides, and with Ag, Br, Cr, Fe, Ga, Hf, Hg, In, P, Th, U, Y, and Zr. Soluble organic compounds were apparently ’︁carriers’ of these elements in the soil solution. The concentrations of elements in HNO3 digests of the soils usually accounted for just little or no statistical variability of their soil solution concentrations. 相似文献
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89.
90.