Genotypic variation in Fe concentration of barley grain     

Jian Feng Ma  Aki Higashitani  Kazuhiro Sato  Kazuyoshi Takeda 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(7):1115-1117

Abstract

Iron deficiency in humans is the most prevalent micronutrient deficiency worldwide. To screen for high Fe cultivar, genotypic variation in Fe concentration of barley grain was investigated in two collections of barley: 274 standard varieties selected at the Barley Germplasm Center of the Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama University (SV) and 135 varieties from the Barley Core Collection of Americas (BCCAM). The Fe concentration of barley grain showed large variation, ranging from 24.6 to 63.3 mg kg^?1 in SV, from 21.0 to 83.0 mg kg^?1 in BCCAM barleys. The Fe concentration was not affected by the key characters of barley varieties, kernel row types, and hulled or hull-less. The Fe concentration was also not related to the place of origin of the barley variety. About 90% of total Fe was localized in the grain without hull. These results provide fundamental data for breeding Fe-rich cultivars and for studying the mechanisms involved in genotypic variation in Fe concentration.  相似文献   

Combining pre-transplanting phosphorus application and green manure incorporation: a trial for reducing fertilizer input     

Kae Miyazawa  Masae Takeda  Tohru Murayama  Kazuhiro Watanabe 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(1):128-137

Pre-transplanting phosphorus application is a fertilization method that can reduce phosphorus (P) fertilization of the field and increase P use efficiency. We investigated whether P use efficiency can be increased further by combining pre-transplanting phosphorus application and the green manure practice, using cabbage as a test plant in a field experiment performed from 2006 to 2008. The pre-transplanting phosphorus application successfully reduced P fertilization of the field to half without any yield losses in 2006 and 2008. However, growth and yield could not be maintained with the pre-transplanting phosphorus application when P fertilization was halved in 2007. Differences among seasons and discrepancies in the results compared to previous studies may have arisen from the differences in the field management and the nursery soil used. No benefits of green manure in terms of the subsequent cabbage yield were detected. Consequently, there was no positive effect of the combination of pre-transplanting phosphorus application and incorporation of green manure. Studies with mycorrhizal plants as test plants may be necessary to verify the mechanism of enhanced P supply by the incorporation of green manure, and to examine any potential benefit of combining green manure and pre-transplanting phosphorus application practices.  相似文献   

QTLs in barley controlling seedling elongation of deep-sown seeds     

H. Takahashi  M. Noda  K. Sakurai  A. Watanabe  H. Akagi  K. Sato  K. Takeda 《Euphytica》2008,164(3):761-768

In drought areas, in which topsoil moisture is low, barley seeds are generally sown in the subsoil (deep-seeding). In order for the shoots of germinating seeds to emerge from the deep soil cover, the coleoptile and the first internode of the seedlings must elongate as an adaptive response to deep-seeding. Here, we have mapped quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for these adaptive characteristics. Elongation of the coleoptile and first internode was investigated using seeds sown under two soil cover conditions: at a depth of 9 cm beneath a soil mixture; and, at a depth of 12 cm beneath vermiculite. We identified multiple alleles for increased coleoptile and first internode elongation using a doubled haploid population of 150 lines generated from a cross between the barley cultivars Harrington and TR306. Composite interval mapping analyses of the data revealed two moderate and eleven small effect QTLs, with at least one QTL on each chromosome. The QTLs on chromosomes 5H and 7H had moderate effects on coleoptile elongation (18.5–27.6% of PVE: phenotypic variance explained; 2.6–3.2 mm of Add: additive effect) and first internode elongation (PVE: 16.6–19.6%; Add: 3.1–3.2 mm). The small effect QTLs showed PVEs of less than 15% and an Add range of 1.2–3.2 mm for both characters. A marker assisted selection approach, using markers linked to the QTLs for seedling elongation at deep-seeding, may eventually enable development of drought tolerant barley hybrids.  相似文献   

Effects of temperature, irradiance, salinity and inorganic nitrogen concentration on coral zooxanthellae in culture   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Tomoko Sakami 《Fisheries Science》2000,66(6):1006-1013

SUMMARY: Effects of temperature, irradiation, salinity and inorganic nitrogen concentration on two cultured strains of zooxanthellae isolated from the corals Pocillopora damicornis (strain P) and Montipora verrucosa (strain M) were studied. Each strain showed different growth responses in terms of temperature and light intensity. A maximum growth rate of strain P, 1.2 per day, was observed at 32°C under all light intensities examined (5–40 μEm⁻²s⁻¹). However, its photosystem 2 activity (FRI) was higher at 28°C than at 32°C under most light intensities. In contrast, the growth rate of strain M was affected more by light intensity and was almost invariably affected at all temperatures examined (24–36°C). Both algal strains had a comparable growth rate and FRI at salinities from 20 to 35 PSU under moderate temperature and irradiant conditions. High temperature and low irradiation reduced the algal tolerance against low salinity. The gross photosynthesis per cell was not affected by the ammonium enrichment more than 5 μM per day although the cellular chlorophyll a content and cell density increased in proportion with the ammonium enrichment up to 20 μM per day. A potential response of zooxanthellae to the multiple environmental stresses was shown from these results.  相似文献   

Genetic and genomic analyses for predicted methane‐related traits in Japanese Black steers     

Yoshinobu Uemoto  Masayuki Takeda  Atushi Ogino  Kazuhito Kurogi  Shinichro Ogawa  Masahiro Satoh  Fuminori Terada 《Animal Science Journal》2020,91(1)

The objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters and to perform a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) for predicted methane‐related traits in Japanese Black steers. The methane production and yield traits were predicted using on‐farm measurable traits, such as dry matter intake and average daily gain. A total of 4,578 Japanese Black steers, which were progenies of 362 sires genotyped with imputed 551,995 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), had phenotypes of predicted methane‐related traits during the total fattening period (52 weeks). For the estimation of genetic parameters, the estimated heritabilities were moderate (ranged from 0.57 to 0.60). In addition, the estimated genetic correlations of methane production traits with most of carcass traits and feed‐efficiency traits were unfavorable, but those of methane yield traits were favorable or low. For the GWAS, no genome‐wide significant SNP was detected, but a total of four quantitative trait locus (QTL) regions that explained more than 5.0% of genetic variance were localized on the genome, and some candidate genes associated with growth and feed‐efficiency traits were located on the regions. Our results suggest that the predicted methane‐related traits are heritable and some QTL regions for the traits are localized on the genome in Japanese Black steers.  相似文献   

Effect of dietary crude-protein type on fertilization and embryo quality in dairy cattle   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

T Blanchard  J Ferguson  L Love  T Takeda  B Henderson  J Hasler  W Chalupa 《American journal of veterinary research》1990,51(6):905-908

An experiment was conducted to determine whether balancing dietary crude protein for optimal rumen degradability would improve fertilization rate and quality of ova in lactating dairy cows. Thirty-eight Holstein cows in early lactation were fed 1 of 2 diets formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous, containing 16% crude protein. Diet 1 contained 73% rumen degradable intake protein, whereas diet 2 contained 64% rumen degradable intake protein. The cows were induced to superovulate and were inseminated, and ova were recovered nonsurgically on postbreeding day 7. Ova were counted and classified as fertilized or unfertilized. Fertilized ova were scored as excellent, good, fair, poor, or degenerate. Unfertilized ova and poor and degenerate embryos were considered to be nontransferable ova and excellent, good, and fair embryos were considered to be transferable ova. There were no differences for mean number of fertilized, unfertilized, transferable, or nontransferable ova recovered from cows fed the 2 diets (P greater than 0.10). Mean percentage of fertilized ova recovered from cows was greater (P less than 0.05) in those fed diet 2, compared with diet 1. Mean percentage of transferable ova recovered from cows tended to be greater (P = 0.06) in those fed diet 2, compared with diet 1. More cows failed to yield transferable ova (P less than 0.05) when fed diet 1, compared with diet 2. Fertilization failure or early degeneration of embryos may occur in cows fed excess rumen degradable protein.  相似文献   

Assessment of neutrophil function in the dairy cow during the perinatal period   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

H Nagahata  S Makino  S Takeda  H Takahashi  H Noda 《Zentralblatt für Veterin?rmedizin. Reihe B. Journal of veterinary medicine. Series B》1988,35(10):747-751

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Physiological responses to central and peripheral injection of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid in chicks     

T. Tachibana  Y. Ishimaru  K. Takeda  M. S. I. Khan  R. Makino  M. A. Cline 《British poultry science》2019,60(1):64-70

1. The purpose of the present study was to determine if intracerebroventricular (ICV) and intraperitoneal (IP) injection of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), a viral mimetic that binds to toll-like receptor-3 (TLR3), affects food intake, voluntary activity, cloacal temperature, plasma corticosterone (CORT) and glucose concentrations, and crop emptying rate in chicks (Gallus gallus).

2. Both ICV and IP injection of poly I:C significantly decreased food intake.

3. IP but not ICV injection of poly I:C significantly suppressed voluntary activity, whereas ICV injection decreased time spent sitting. Both ICV and IP injection of poly I:C significantly increased plasma CORT and glucose concentration. Neither ICV nor IP injection of poly I:C significantly affected cloacal temperature.

4. In addition, ICV injection of poly I:C significantly reduced crop emptying rate, whereas IP injection had no effect.

5. These results suggested that central TLR3 is related to anorexia, stress response and retardation of crop emptying while peripheral TLR3 is related to anorexia, change in behaviour and stress responses during viral infection in chicks.  相似文献   

Genotypes and allele frequencies of buried SNPs in a bovine single‐nucleotide polymorphism array in Japanese Black cattle     

Shinji Sasaki  Eiji Muraki  Yoshinobu Inoue  Ryouhei Suezawa  Hideki Nikadori  Yuuichi Yoshida  Shouta Nariai  Ryoya Hideshima  Shiyunsuke Moriwaki  Ryotaro Nakashima  Katsuo Uchiyama  Kanako Yoshinari  Masayuki Takeda  Takatoshi Kojima 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(12):1503-1509

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays are widely used for genetic and genomic analyses in cattle breeding; thus, data derived from SNP arrays have accumulated on a large scale nationwide. Commercial SNP arrays contain a considerable number of unassigned SNPs on the chromosome/position on the genome; these SNPs are excluded in subsequent analyses. Notably, the position‐unassigned SNPs, or “buried SNPs” include some of the markers associated with genetic disease. In this study, we identified the position of buried SNPs using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool against the surrounding sequences and characterized the relationship between SNPs and genetic diseases in Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals based on the genomic position. We determined the position of 285 buried SNPs on the genome and surveyed the genotype and allele frequencies of these SNPs in 5,955 individual Japanese Black cattle. Eleven SNPs associated with genetic disease, which contained five buried SNPs, were found in the population with the risk allele frequency ranging from 0.00008396 to 0.46. These results indicate that buried SNPs in the bovine SNP array can be utilized to identify associations with genetic disorders from large scale accumulated SNP genotype data in Japanese Black cattle.  相似文献   

Theoretical turnover rate of the rumen liquid fraction in dairy cows and its relationship to feed intake,rumen fermentation,and milk production     

Makoto Mitsumori  Toshiya Hasunuma  Tomoko Okimura  Takumi Shinkai  Yosuke Kobayashi  Makoto Hirako  Shiro Kushibiki 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(12):1556-1566

Ruminant animals are able to convert plant materials (grain and the human‐indigestible portion of carbohydrates) to milk and meat. In this conversion, most of the plant materials are digested by rumen fermentation and are changed to short‐chain fatty acids, microbial cells, and methane, which is released into the atmosphere. The relationships among feed, rumen fermentation, and milk production are poorly understood. Here we report a novel indicator of characteristics of rumen fermentation, theoretical turnover rate (TTOR) of the rumen liquid fraction. The TTOR was calculated from the presumed rumen volume (PRV) which is estimated by dividing the methane yield by the methane concentration of rumen fluid. The formula for the TTOR is: TTOR = PRV/body weight^0.75. Our present analyses confirm that the TTOR as an indicator is capable of connecting feed, rumen fermentation, and milk production, because dry matter intake/TTOR showed a strong correlation with milk yield/TTOR. In addition, the TTOR may be related to ruminal pH, as we observed that the ruminal pH decreased as the TTOR increased. We propose that the TTOR is a factor characterizing rumen fermentation and a good indicator of the productivity of ruminants and dysbiosis of the rumen microbiome.  相似文献