Effects of dietary nonstructural carbohydrates and protein sources on feeding behavior of tethered heifers fed high-concentrate diets     

Rotger A  Ferret A  Manteca X  Ruiz de la Torre JL  Calsamiglia S 《Journal of animal science》2006,84(5):1197-1204

To describe the feeding behavior of growing heifers fed high-concentrate diets with different sources of protein and nonstructural carbohydrates, and to explain the ruminal fermentation pattern, 4 ruminally fistulated Holstein heifers (BW = 132.3 +/- 1.61 kg) were assigned to a 4 x 4 Latin square design with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Two non-structural carbohydrate sources (barley and corn) and 2 protein sources [soybean meal (SBM) and sunflower meal (SFM)] that differ in their rate and extent of ruminal degradation were combined, resulting in a synchronized, rapid fermentation diet (barley-SFM), a synchronized, slow fermentation diet (corn-SBM), and 2 unsynchronized diets consisting of a rapidly and a slowly fermenting component (barley-SBM and corn-SFM). The corn-SFM diet resulted in a lower frequency of feeding (P < or = 0.05), longer meal length (P < or = 0.043), and larger meal size (P < or = 0.037) than the other 3 diets. Dietary treatment had no effect (P > or = 0.09) on the daily percentages of posture and behaviors. In general, heifers spent 9.97 +/- 0.83% of the day eating, 2.11 +/- 0.42% drinking, 25.13 +/- 1.36% ruminating, 16.97 +/- 1.42% in other activities such as social behavior and self-grooming, and the rest of the day (45.82 +/- 2.55%) resting or doing no chewing activities. Eating, drinking, and social behaviors were performed while standing (P < or = 0.01), whereas resting and ruminating occurred mainly while lying (P = 0.001). Eating took place mainly in the first 4 h after feeding (P = 0.001), whereas ruminating occurred mainly at night (P = 0.001). When chewing activities (eating and ruminating) were expressed per kilogram of DM or NDF from roughage intake, more time (P = 0.004) was spent chewing per kilogram of DMI for barley-based diets, and per kilogram of NDF from roughage intake for barley- (P = 0.01) and SFM- (P = 0.002) based diets. Tethered heifers fed the more fermentable and rapidly synchronized diet (barley-SFM) reduced intake and increased chewing time. With these high-concentrate diets, time spent chewing was inversely related to roughage intake.  相似文献   

Comparison of two sampling methods for microbiological evaluation of periodontal disease in cats     

Pérez-Salcedo L  Herrera D  Esteban-Saltiveri D  León R  Jeusette I  Torre C  O'Connor A  González I  Sanz M 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,149(3-4):500-503

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Cytokine profiles and phenotype regulation of antigen presenting cells by genotype-I porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates     

Gimeno M  Darwich L  Diaz I  de la Torre E  Pujols J  Martín M  Inumaru S  Cano E  Domingo M  Montoya M  Mateu E 《Veterinary research》2011,42(1):9

ABSTRACT: The present study examined the immunological response of antigen presenting cells (APC) to genotype-I isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection by analysing the cytokine profile induced and evaluating the changes taking place upon infection on immunologically relevant cell markers (MHCI, MHCII, CD80/86, CD14, CD16, CD163, CD172a, SWC9). Several types of APC were infected with 39 PRRSV isolates. The results show that different isolates were able to induce different patterns of IL-10 and TNF-α. The four possible phenotypes based on the ability to induce IL-10 and/or TNF-α were observed, although different cell types seemed to have different capabilities. In addition, isolates inducing different cytokine-release profiles on APC could induce different expression of cell markers.  相似文献   

Sarcoptic mange in Iberian wolves (Canis lupus signatus) in northern Spain     

Domínguez G  Espí A  Prieto JM  de la Torre JA 《The Veterinary record》2008,162(23):754-755

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Effect of feeding a high‐carbohydrate or a high‐fat diet on subsequent food intake and blood concentration of satiety‐related hormones in dogs          下载免费PDF全文

S. Schauf  A. Salas‐Mani  C. Torre  E. Jimenez  M. A. Latorre  C. Castrillo 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(1):e21-e29

Although studies in rodents and humans have evidenced a weaker effect of fat in comparison to carbohydrates on the suppression of food intake, very few studies have been carried out in this field in dogs. This study investigates the effects of a high‐carbohydrate (HC ) and a high‐fat (HF ) diets on subsequent food intake and blood satiety‐related hormones in dogs. Diets differed mainly in their starch (442 vs. 271 g/kg dry matter) and fat (99.3 vs. 214 g/kg dry matter) contents. Twelve Beagle dogs received the experimental diets at maintenance energy requirements in two experimental periods, following a cross‐over arrangement. In week 7 of each period, blood concentrations of active ghrelin, glucagon‐like peptide (GLP ‐1), peptide YY , insulin, and glucose were determined before and at 30, 60, 120, 180, and 360 min post‐feeding. The following week, intake of a challenge food offered 180 min after the HC and HF diets was recorded over two days. In comparison to the dogs on the HC diet, those on the HF diet had a higher basal concentration of GLP ‐1 (p  = .010) and a higher total area under the curve over 180 min post‐prandial (tAUC _0–180) (p  = .031). Dogs on the HC diet showed a higher elevation of ghrelin at 180 min (p  = .033) and of insulin at 360 min (p  = .041), although ghrelin and insulin tAUC _0–180 did not differ between the two diets (p  ? .10). Diet had no effect on challenge food intake (p  ? .10), which correlated with the tAUC _0–180 of ghrelin (r = .514, p  = .010), insulin (r = ?.595, p  = .002), and glucose (r = ?.516, p  = .010). Feeding a diet high in carbohydrate or fat at these inclusion levels does not affect the feeding response at 180 min post‐prandial, suggesting a similar short‐term satiating capacity.  相似文献   

Genetic diversity of Castanopsis acuminatissima (Bl.) A. DC. in northern Thailand and the selection of seed trees for forest restoration     

Blakesley  David  Pakkad  Greuk  James  Celia  Torre  Franck  Elliott  Stephen 《New Forests》2004,27(1):89-100

Castanopsis acuminatissima (Bl.) A. DC. is one of a number of framework species which are being planted to restore seasonally dry tropical forests in northern Thailand. This study describes the level of microsatellite variation within and among three populations of this species in three National Parks in northern Thailand: Doi Suthep-Pui, Doi Inthanon and Jae Sawn, using published primers developed for Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii Nakai. The five microsatellite loci employed in this study detected a total of 54 alleles (n = 72). The informativeness of the microsatellite loci varied from six to 18 alleles, with an average of 10.8 alleles found over all loci. The mean observed heterozygosities in the three populations showed no significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg expectations. The vast majority of genetic diversity was contained within the populations, with no significant differentiation between them (F_ST = 0.006). Algorithms were designed to capture microsatellite diversity, and the rationale for using microsatellite markers to inform genetic conservation is discussed. The implications for seed collection of C. acuminatissima for forest restoration are also discussed.  相似文献   

Antibiotic-resistant Salmonella in pigs in Spain     

Mateu E  Martín M  Torre E  Casal J 《The Veterinary record》1999,144(3):80

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Effect of poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles or cellulose nanocrystals-based formulations on Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) and tomato plant development     

Fortunati  Elena  Rescignano  Nicoletta  Botticella  Ermelinda  La Fiandra  Domenico  Renzi  Marsilio  Mazzaglia  Angelo  Torre  Luigi  Kenny  Josè Maria  Balestra  Giorgio Mariano 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2016,123(6):301-310

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Nanotechnology can change the scenario of current tools minimizing the chemical inputs in plant protection. Here, novel poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide acid)...  相似文献   

First evidence of resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in Italian Aedes albopictus populations 26 years after invasion          下载免费PDF全文

Verena Pichler  Romeo Bellini  Rodolfo Veronesi  Daniele Arnoldi  Annapaola Rizzoli  Riccardo Paolo Lia  Domenico Otranto  Fabrizio Montarsi  Sara Carlin  Marco Ballardini  Elisa Antognini  Marco Salvemini  Emanuele Brianti  Gabriella Gaglio  Mattia Manica  Pietro Cobre  Paola Serini  Enkelejda Velo  John Vontas  Ilias Kioulos  Joao Pinto  Alessandra della Torre  Beniamino Caputo 《Pest management science》2018,74(6):1319-1327

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Genetic (AFLP) diversity of nine Cedrela odorata populations in Madre de Dios,southern Peruvian Amazon     

Amanda de la Torre  Cesar López  Eliana Yglesias  Jonathan P. Cornelius 《Forest Ecology and Management》2008

Cedrela odorata L., one of the most important neotropical timber species, is threatened by deforestation and unsustainable logging in many parts of its natural range. Information on patterns of genetic variation is useful in informing both reforestation and genetic conservation activities. However, to date, no such information is available in Peru or elsewhere in South America. In the present study, genetic diversity between and within nine Peruvian populations of the species, based on amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers, is reported. Overall diversity level was high (Ht = 0.22), as expected for a widespread, long-lived tropical species, and consistent with previous studies carried out in Central America. Levels of intrapopulation diversity were higher than those previously reported for the species (Hs = 0.13–0.21). Analysis of molecular variation revealed genetic differences between two population groups located on different rivers and between populations located on the same rivers. Differences between groups were greater than those within groups. Genetic and geographical distances were significantly correlated. The relatively strong genetic differences between populations may be related to the riparian, essentially one-dimensional spatial distribution pattern of the populations studied. No difference was found in percentage of polymorphic loci between relatively undisturbed and logged populations. The existence of appreciable genetic differentiation over a relatively small part of the species range in the Peruvian Amazon suggests the need for caution in use of seed outside its zone of origin. For genetic conservation purposes, it would probably be prudent to sample (ex situ) or conserve (in situ) populations in each of the major watersheds of the Peruvian Amazon.  相似文献