Serum concentrations of pepsinogen A in healthy dogs after food deprivation and after feeding     

Suchodolski JS  Steiner JM  Ruaux CG  Williams DA 《American journal of veterinary research》2003,64(9):1146-1150

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate an ELISA for measurement of serum canine pepsinogen A (cPG A) as a diagnostic marker of gastric disorders in dogs and to measure serum cPG A in healthy dogs after food deprivation and after feeding. SAMPLE POPULATION: Sera from 72 healthy dogs. PROCEDURE: A sandwich ELISA was developed and validated. The reference range for serum concentrations of cPG A was determined in 64 healthy dogs. Postprandial changes in serum concentrations of cPG A were evaluated in 8 healthy dogs. RESULTS: Assay sensitivity was 18 microg/L, and the maximum detectable concentration was 1,080 microg/L. The observed-to-expected ratio (O:E) for 3 serial dilutions of 3 serum samples ranged from 69.3 to 104.1%. The O:E for 3 serum samples spiked with 8 concentrations of cPG A ranged from 58.8 to 120.4%. Coefficients of variation for intra- and interassay variability of 3 serum samples ranged from 7.6 to 11.9% and from 10.1 to 13.1%, respectively. Mean +/- SD serum concentration of cPG A in healthy dogs was 63.8 +/- 31.0 microg/L and the reference range was 18 to 129 microg/L. Significant increases in serum concentrations of cPG A were observed between 1 and 7 hours after feeding. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ELISA for measuring cPG A was sufficiently sensitive, linear, accurate, precise, and reproducible for clinical use. Serum concentrations of cPG A increase substantially after feeding, which should be taken into account when conducting clinical studies.  相似文献   

Modification of spontaneous contractility of smooth muscle preparations from the bovine abomasal antrum by serotonin receptor agonists     

Spring C  Mevissen M  Reist M  Zulauf M  Steiner A 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2003,26(5):377-385

The effects of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), a 5-HT2-receptor agonist, alpha-methyl-5-hydroxytryptamine (alpha-M-5-HT) and RS-67506, a 5-HT4 receptor partial agonist, on spontaneous contractility of bovine abomasal smooth muscle preparations were investigated in vitro. Preparations from the abomasal antrum of freshly slaughtered healthy dairy cows were cut parallel to the longitudinal fibres, suspended in isolated organ baths, and concentration-response curves were performed by cumulative application of the 5-HT receptor agonists. Blockade of 5-HT2-induced response was tested with atropine and hexamethonium. Serotonin evoked a significant increase in the area under curve (AUC), whilst the 5-HT2 receptor agonist alpha-M-5-HT significantly increased the AUC and resting tone (RT). RS-67506 induced a significant increase in AUC and RT and a significant decrease in the maximum force. The effect of alpha-M-5-HT was mediated by a muscarinic cholinergic pathway, as the effect of alpha-M-5-HT was inhibited in the presence of atropine but not hexamethonium. It is concluded that 5-HT2 and 5-HT4 receptors are present in the bovine abomasal antrum. Muscarinic receptors are involved in the increase in RT seen after 5-HT2 receptor stimulation.  相似文献   

Spontaneous in vitro contractile activity of specimens from the abomasal wall of healthy cows and comparison among dairy breeds     

Zulauf M  Spring C  Eicher R  Meylan M  Hirsbrunner G  Scholtysik G  Steiner A 《American journal of veterinary research》2002,63(12):1687-1694

OBJECTIVE: To characterize and compare in vitro contractility patterns of sections of abomasal wall harvested from cattle of 3 dairy breeds. SAMPLE POPULATION: Longitudinal and circular smooth muscle preparations harvested from the antrum and body of the abomasum of 30 recently slaughtered Holstein-Friesian, Brown Swiss, and Simmental X Red Holstein cows. PROCEDURE: Spontaneous isometric contractions of specimens in tissue baths of modified Krebs solution were recorded during a 4-hour period. Maximal amplitude, frequency of contractions, and change of basal tension were used to characterize contractility. Statistical analyses were used to test for differences among time periods, among breeds, between specimen locations, and between fiber orientations. RESULTS: Myoactivity patterns of abomasal smooth muscle preparations are highly variable and differ on the basis of location and fiber orientation. Frequency of contractions differed significantly among time periods for longitudinally oriented specimens with decreasing frequencies of contractions over time. Maximal amplitude of the longitudinally oriented specimens from the antrum increased significantly, whereas maximal amplitude of the circularly oriented specimens from the antrum decreased significantly. Values did not differ significantly among breeds. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Patterns of spontaneous contractility of abomasal wall specimens are not homogeneous. During a 4-hour recording period, maximal amplitude and frequency of contractions of specimens varied significantly with respect to orientation and location; however, spontaneous contractile myoactivity did not differ significantly among breeds. Therefore, breed predisposition for displaced abomasum is not correlated with spontaneous activity of smooth muscle specimens.  相似文献   

Myoelectric activity of the spiral colon in dairy cows     

Meylan M  Eicher R  Röthlisberger J  Steiner A 《American journal of veterinary research》2002,63(1):78-85

OBJECTIVE: To describe myoelectric activity of the spiral colon in healthy cows. ANIMALS: 7 lactating Simmental X Red-Holstein crossbred cows. PROCEDURE: Cows were implanted with 7 pairs of bipolar silver electrodes (4 in the spiral colon and 1 each in the cecum, distal part of the ileum, and proximal loop of the ascending colon [PLAC]). Myo-electric activity was recorded during 4 days for each cow. Patterns were analyzed, using computer-based methods. RESULTS: Myoelectric activity of the spiral colon was closely associated with motility of the ileum and PLAC and showed the typical organization of migrating myoelectric complexes (MMC). The MMC in the bovine spiral colon (bcMMC) had a mean +/- SD duration of 188.6 +/- 30.8 minutes and was divided into 4 phases. Phases I and II lasted 11.3 +/- 1.4 and 159.4 +/- 33.3 minutes, respectively. Phase III (duration, 5.4 +/- 1.2 minutes) was characterized by 5.2 +/- 0.9 regular spindles (35.4 +/- 5.4 seconds) and 1 final elongated spindle (137.2 +/- 56.4 seconds). Phase III most commonly (73.8 +/- 16.1%) was followed by phase IV (duration, 173 +/- 3.6 minutes). Propagation velocity of phase III was 4.4 +/- 0.5 cm/min, and 13.6% of bcMMC were incompletely propagated through the spiral colon. CONCLUSIONS: Myoelectric activity of the bovine spiral colon is composed of a recurring cyclic pattern similar to MMC of the small intestine. Data of colonic myoelectric activity in healthy cows will serve as a basis for studies on cecal dilatation and dislocation in cattle.  相似文献   

Unilateral laparoscopic cryptorchidectomy in a llama     

Zulauf M  Bergadano A  Steiner A 《Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde》2002,144(5):233-237

Cryptorchism is an inherited congenital abnormality characterized by the failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum. Diagnosis can be difficult if the retained testicular tissue cannot be localized during clinical examination and the history of the animal is unknown, or if the animal shows persistent male behaviour despite the history of successful previous castration. The present case report describes the history of a cryptorchid Lama and the techniques of general anesthesia and laparoscopic cryptorchidectomy advocated.  相似文献   

Treatment of temporary upward fixation of the patella in an alpaca by abrasion trochleoplasty and imbrication of the medial retinacular fascia     

Zanolari P  Tschudi M  Rytz U  Steiner A 《The Veterinary record》2002,150(24):752-754

A two-year-old female alpaca suddenly became lame on its right hindlimb. Eight days later clinical and radiographic examinations showed that the patella had become temporarily fixed within the supratrochlear notch of the femur. Under general anaesthesia an abrasion trochleoplasty followed by fascial imbrication was carried out. After two weeks in supporting slings, the animal put full weight on the leg, and six months after the surgery it showed no signs of lameness or recurrence of the upward fixation.  相似文献   

Note: Pyrethroid resistance and possible involvement of glutathione<Emphasis Type="Italic">S</Emphasis>-transferases in<Emphasis Type="Italic">Helicoverpa armigera</Emphasis> from Turkey     

Sakine Ugurlu  Metin Konus  Belgin Isgor  Mesude Iscan 《Phytoparasitica》2007,35(1):23-26

An introductory study was conducted to investigate the pyrethroid resistance ofHelicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) strains in Turkey, collected from cotton fields in the Adana and Antalya provinces, through two different synthetic pyrethroid insecticides: lambda-cyhalothrin and esfenvalerate. In addition, the roles of glutathioneS-transferases (GSTs) in this resistance mechanism were analyzed. It was found that whereas resistance ratios for lambda-cyhalothrin (LD₅₀ levels) were 3- and 98-fold increased in the Adana and Antalya strains, respectively, esfenvalerate ratios were 3.3- and 92.3-fold increased in the Adana and Antalya strains, respectively, with respect to the susceptible strain. Furthermore, Adana and Antalya strains showed 2.4- and 2.9-fold higher GST activities than the susceptible strain, respectively. In the Antalya field strain, the minor increase in GST activity compared with the resistance levels implies that GSTs may be not greatly involved in this resistance. It also provides evidence that they could not be the only metabolic mechanism responsible for resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin and esfenvalerate inH. armigera from Turkey. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Nov. 16, 2006.  相似文献   

Dhan Pal Singh and Arti Singh,Disease and Insect Resistance in Plants     

Christine Struck 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,118(1):91-92

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Critical Use Exemption for methyl bromide for soil disinfestation: Italy’s experience with the European union process     

M. Lodovica Gullino  Riccardo Savigliano  Giuliana Gasparrini  Corrado Clini 《Phytoparasitica》2007,35(4):321-329

Methyl bromide (MB) was phased out on January 1, 2005, and a Critical Use Exemption (CUE) process has been established in order to define the rules for allocating the needed amounts of the fumigant. This paper deals with the effects of the CUE process on Italian horticulture. The actual usage of the amounts of MB allocated to Italy for the year 2005 in the different areas and on the economically most important crops was monitored and critically evaluated. The usage pattern monitored shows that already in the first year after MB phaseout, Italy was able to replace it completely on crops such as zucchini, salad greens, basil and watermelon. However, on crops such as tomato, pepper, melon, eggplant, strawberry, and cut flowers, further work is required in order fully to replace MB. The emerging problems and research needs are discussed briefly.  相似文献   

Towards identifying pathogenic determinants of the chickpea pathogen <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ascochyta rabiei</Emphasis>     

David White  Weidong Chen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,119(1):3-12

Ascochyta blight is a serious disease of cool-season grain legumes (chickpea, faba bean, lentil and pea) caused by fungal species of the anamorphic genus Ascochyta and related genera. Despite extensive studies on the biology, ecology, epidemiology and management of the disease, little is known about the pathogenic determinants of these pathogens. This research aims at using Ascochyta rabiei as a model for the genus in investigating genetic factors of pathogenicity, with the ultimate goal of elucidating pathogenic mechanisms. Three advances were made: (1) insertional mutants with altered pathogenicity were identified through in vivo screening, and genomic regions adjacent to the insertion sites in selected mutants were determined; (2) a phage library of A. rabiei genomic DNA was constructed, and the library was estimated to provide complete coverage of the A. rabiei genome. This library was used successfully to recover clones with DNA adjacent to insertional mutation sites and to isolate specific genes; (3) DNA probes specific for an acyl-CoA ligase (cps1) and a polyketide synthase gene (pks1) were developed and library clones containing the corresponding genomic regions were identified from the phage library. These advances provide the foundation and necessary tools for experimentation of ectopic complementation assays and targeted mutagenesis to elucidate the genetic mechanisms of pathogenicity of A. rabiei.  相似文献