In Reply to Spine Protection in the Austere Environment     

Robert Quinn  Jason Williams  Brad Bennett  Gregory Stiller  Arthur Islas  Seth McCord 《The Forestry Chronicle》2014,25(3):367-369

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Challenges for Multilevel Stakeholder Engagement in Public Trust Resource Governance     

Emily F. Pomeranz  Daniel J. Decker  William F. Siemer  Arthur Kirsch  Jeremy Hurst  James Farquhar 《Human Dimensions of Wildlife》2014,19(5):448-457

The trend in wildlife management over the last two decades has been to develop locally based approaches for responsiveness to local conditions, but some state wildlife agencies are finding the amount of staff time required to service this approach prohibitive. Although local engagement strategies have been lauded as assuring that public trust obligations of state government to citizens are met, we can expect that states with a local focus as their operational level of stakeholder engagement may opt to change their approach to reflect their resource limitations. We argue for comprehensive regional level effort to understand stakeholders augmented with local engagement processes where needed to deal with special circumstances in smaller areas within a region. Such an approach can be anticipated to have implications for stakeholder engagement and human dimensions research needs, which we discuss in the context of public trust resource administration and good governance of wildlife resources.  相似文献   

Artemia prey size and mode of presentation: Effects on the survival and growth of phyllosoma larvae of southern rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii)     

Arthur J. Ritar  Greg G. Smith  Graeme A. Dunstan  Malcolm R. Brown  Piers R. Hart 《Aquaculture International》2003,11(1-2):163-182

Performance of phyllosoma of thesouthern rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii)was examined after feeding Artemia-baseddiets. Survival and growth of newly-hatchedlarvae cultured to Stage III were lower(p < 0.05) when fed 0.8 mm Artemia than1.5 mm or 2.5 mm Artemia alone or 1.5 mmArtemia in combination with pieces ofmussel (Mytilus edulis planulatus) gonad.This could not be attributed to deficiencies inthe composition of fatty acids but appeared tobe due to the inability of larvae to capturesufficient appropriate-sized, enrichedArtemia for their nutritional requirements.There was an indication that survival andgrowth were higher between Stages III and Vwhen fed 2.5 mm Artemia than 1.5 mmArtemia alone or in combination with musselpieces. However, Stage VI larvae grew to asimilar size at Stage VIII when fed 1.5 mm or2.5 mm Artemia. Unexpectedly, larvae fedthe combination of 1.5 mm Artemia plusmussel supplement had lower survival than foundpreviously, and generally lower than when fed 1.5 mm Artemia alone. This was despitean apparent nutritional profile (lipid contentand fatty acid composition) of mussel more akinto that of newly-hatched phyllosoma thanenriched Artemia. On the other hand,survival and growth to Stage VIII were higherwhen larvae were fed alginate pelletscontaining Artemia than when fed 1.5 mmor 2.5 mm Artemia alone.  相似文献   

Chlorination of Channel Catfish Ponds     

Arthur C.  Potts Claude E.  Boyd 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1998,29(4):432-440

Abstract— Laboratory studies with pond water samples revealed that 5 mg/L active chlorine was needed to provide enough chlorine residual to reduce biological activity. Treatment of channel catfish ponds with repeated, 0.1-mg/L doses of active chlorine from calcium hypochlorite at 6- to 8-d intervals, as sometimes done by catfish farmers, had little influence on water quality. Dissolved oxygen, total ammonia-nitrogen, and chlorophyll a concentrations and pH were similar between treated and control ponds. Concentrations of chemical oxygen demand and particulate organic matter were seldom different between treated and control ponds. Channel catfish survival and net production were not improved by chlorine treatment. Thus, chlorination of production ponds during the grow-out period is not a useful technique. Treatment of sediment samples from ponds with up to 1,200-mg active chlorinelkg soil did not reduce bacterial abundance, so chlorination of bottoms of empty ponds may not he an effective disinfection procedure. Chlorination of pond waters with 30-mg/L active chlorine caused complete kill of bacteria 24 h after treatment, although heterotrophic bacteria quickly re-populated the water. Thus, chlorination can be an effective way to disinfect ponds before stocking.  相似文献   

Rapid remote recognition of habitat changes     

Arthur P. Cracknell 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1991,11(3-4):315-323

An attempt is made to give a realistic appraisal of the possibilities and shortcomings of remote sensing techniques in the context of detecting habitat changes.

Consideration has to be given to the various spatial scales at which remote sensing data are exploited, and to the relationship between the size of the object of an investigation and the intrinsic limitations on the ground resolution (instantaneous field of view, IFOV) of the detecting system. Features larger than the IFOV are commonly studied and, in certain circumstances, features that are smaller than the IFOV can also be detected. However, the question of obtaining information about objects or features that are very small compared with the IFOV is much more difficult. Examples include sheep distribution, locust prediction and the development of toxic algal blooms at sea. The monitoring of blooms, once they have begun to appear, is now feasible. However, it is much more difficult to study the conditions leading to the development of blooms and to give advance warning of their growth. The study of this type of problem is still in its infancy.

The other question that has to be addressed concerns the timeliness of the extraction of information from remotely sensed data. With the exception of the meteorological community, the philosophy for the last decade or two has been simply to capture remotely sensed data from satellites, to archive it on magnetic tape and to hope that someone, somewhere, someday, will retrieve the data from the archive, analyse it and possibly make use of it. In many applications of remotely sensed data, such as oil pollution monitoring, agricultural yield prediction, and epidemic and plague prevention, the remotely sensed data must be analysed, interpreted and the results distributed to the end users in something approaching real time. It is pointless, other than as an academic exercise, to predict a plague or epidemic 5 years after it has happened!  相似文献   

The conformation of wheat gluten proteins. The secondary structures and thermal stabilities of α-, β-, γ- and ω-Gliadins     

Arthur S. Tatham  Peter R. Shewry 《Journal of Cereal Science》1985,3(2):103-113

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Evaluation of maternal parent and puroindoline allele on kernel texture in a reciprocal cross between two hard spring wheat cultivars     

Kristene R. Gedye  Arthur D. Bettge  Garrison E. King  Craig F. Morris 《Euphytica》2005,141(1-2):121-127

Kernel texture is an important characteristic for both the milling and the end-use quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Gene sequence variation and mutations to the two puroindoline genes (Pina and Pinb), located at the Ha locus on chromosome 5DS, account for the majority of variation in wheat kernel texture. Other factors also influence kernel texture, including effects associated with different maternal parent backgrounds. To investigate the effect of two hard puroindoline alleles in different maternal backgrounds, a population of 228 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a reciprocal cross between two wheat cultivars ID377s (Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a) and Klasic (Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b) were examined in two succeeding generations (F₇ & F₈). Kernel texture was determined using the Single Kernel Characterization System (SKCS) and the RIL puroindoline haplotype was identified by the sequence-specific PCR amplification of each gene. Analysis of variance identified a significant (P 0.001) effect of the maternal parent and puroindoline mutation on kernel texture. RILs containing the Pina-D1b mutation were significantly harder than lines containing the Pinb-D1b mutation. RILs which had Klasic as the maternal parent were significantly harder than those which had ID377s as the maternal parent. When the maternal parent and puroindoline allele were analyzed in combination, RILs derived from Klasic as the maternal parent and the Pina-D1b allele were significantly harder (P 0.001) than those containing the same allele but ID377s as the maternal parent. The same occurred for RILs containing the Pinb-D1b allele, lines with Klasic as the maternal parent were harder than lines with ID377s as the maternal parent. These results corroborate the harder phenotype of the Pina-D1b allele and indicate a significant maternally-inherited contribution to kernel texture variation.  相似文献   

An Assessment of Variation for Nutritional and Non-nutritional Carbohydrates in Lentil Seeds (Lens culinaris)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J. Frias    C. Vidal-Valverde  A. Bakhsh    A. E. Arthur  C. Hedley 《Plant Breeding》1994,113(2):170-173

The levels of the raffinose family of α-galactosides (raffinose, stachyose, verbascose and ciceritol) and of the nutritional carbohydrates (fructose, sucrose and starch) were determined in the seed of a range of lentil lines from germplasm collections and commercial Spanish cultivars. Significant levels of variation were found for all the measured characters, and particularly for the α-galactosides. The greatest variation was found in verbascose content, which ranged from about 1 % of the seed dry weight to undetectable amounts. The relationship between these chemical components and morphological seed characteristics was assessed. The only significant relationship between the different groups of characteristics was a positive correlation between the level of verbascose and the average seed weight for each genotype.  相似文献   

Genetical studies of quantitative characters in peas. 1. A seven-parent diallel cross of cultivars     

Brian Snoad  A. E. Arthur 《Euphytica》1973,22(2):327-337

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Herbicides in war: Current status and future doubt     

Arthur H. Westing 《Biological conservation》1972

The US anti-plant aerial chemical warfare programme in South Vietnam and its effects are described. Between 1961 and 1971, the US, in its forest cover denial programme, expended over 49 million kilograms of herbicides on 2 million hectares of forest lands, and in its food denial programme expended over 3 million kilograms on 300 thousand hectares of croplands. Major herbicides used against forests were 2,4-D (26 million kg), 2,4,5-T (22 million kg), and Picloram (1·5 million kg), while against agricultural fields were used over 3 million kg of dimethylarsinic acid. About 15 per cent of the area of South Vietnam's forests have been sprayed once, and an additional 4 per cent have been sprayed.multiply; about 8 per cent of croplands have been strayed. In the areas that have been sprayed there have been alteration and simplification of the plant and animal communities, a loss of mineral nutrients, acceleration of erosion in hilly terrain, and reduction in ecosystem productivity. Restoration time in the once-sprayed areas is expected to exceed one decade, and, in the multiply-sprayed areas, several decades. Approximately 0·5 million hectares have been utterly devastated. It is estimated that food was destroyed that would have sufficed to supply the total diets for one full year of 894,900 Vietnamese (largely civilian). The herbicides have directly or indirectly resulted in various medical and veterinary problems. Timber losses have been estimated to total 47 million cubic meters.  相似文献