Evaluation of maternal parent and puroindoline allele on kernel texture in a reciprocal cross between two hard spring wheat cultivars     

Kristene R. Gedye  Arthur D. Bettge  Garrison E. King  Craig F. Morris 《Euphytica》2005,141(1-2):121-127

Kernel texture is an important characteristic for both the milling and the end-use quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Gene sequence variation and mutations to the two puroindoline genes (Pina and Pinb), located at the Ha locus on chromosome 5DS, account for the majority of variation in wheat kernel texture. Other factors also influence kernel texture, including effects associated with different maternal parent backgrounds. To investigate the effect of two hard puroindoline alleles in different maternal backgrounds, a population of 228 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a reciprocal cross between two wheat cultivars ID377s (Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a) and Klasic (Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b) were examined in two succeeding generations (F₇ & F₈). Kernel texture was determined using the Single Kernel Characterization System (SKCS) and the RIL puroindoline haplotype was identified by the sequence-specific PCR amplification of each gene. Analysis of variance identified a significant (P 0.001) effect of the maternal parent and puroindoline mutation on kernel texture. RILs containing the Pina-D1b mutation were significantly harder than lines containing the Pinb-D1b mutation. RILs which had Klasic as the maternal parent were significantly harder than those which had ID377s as the maternal parent. When the maternal parent and puroindoline allele were analyzed in combination, RILs derived from Klasic as the maternal parent and the Pina-D1b allele were significantly harder (P 0.001) than those containing the same allele but ID377s as the maternal parent. The same occurred for RILs containing the Pinb-D1b allele, lines with Klasic as the maternal parent were harder than lines with ID377s as the maternal parent. These results corroborate the harder phenotype of the Pina-D1b allele and indicate a significant maternally-inherited contribution to kernel texture variation.  相似文献   

An Assessment of Variation for Nutritional and Non-nutritional Carbohydrates in Lentil Seeds (Lens culinaris)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J. Frias    C. Vidal-Valverde  A. Bakhsh    A. E. Arthur  C. Hedley 《Plant Breeding》1994,113(2):170-173

The levels of the raffinose family of α-galactosides (raffinose, stachyose, verbascose and ciceritol) and of the nutritional carbohydrates (fructose, sucrose and starch) were determined in the seed of a range of lentil lines from germplasm collections and commercial Spanish cultivars. Significant levels of variation were found for all the measured characters, and particularly for the α-galactosides. The greatest variation was found in verbascose content, which ranged from about 1 % of the seed dry weight to undetectable amounts. The relationship between these chemical components and morphological seed characteristics was assessed. The only significant relationship between the different groups of characteristics was a positive correlation between the level of verbascose and the average seed weight for each genotype.  相似文献   

Genetical studies of quantitative characters in peas. 1. A seven-parent diallel cross of cultivars     

Brian Snoad  A. E. Arthur 《Euphytica》1973,22(2):327-337

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Herbicides in war: Current status and future doubt     

Arthur H. Westing 《Biological conservation》1972

The US anti-plant aerial chemical warfare programme in South Vietnam and its effects are described. Between 1961 and 1971, the US, in its forest cover denial programme, expended over 49 million kilograms of herbicides on 2 million hectares of forest lands, and in its food denial programme expended over 3 million kilograms on 300 thousand hectares of croplands. Major herbicides used against forests were 2,4-D (26 million kg), 2,4,5-T (22 million kg), and Picloram (1·5 million kg), while against agricultural fields were used over 3 million kg of dimethylarsinic acid. About 15 per cent of the area of South Vietnam's forests have been sprayed once, and an additional 4 per cent have been sprayed.multiply; about 8 per cent of croplands have been strayed. In the areas that have been sprayed there have been alteration and simplification of the plant and animal communities, a loss of mineral nutrients, acceleration of erosion in hilly terrain, and reduction in ecosystem productivity. Restoration time in the once-sprayed areas is expected to exceed one decade, and, in the multiply-sprayed areas, several decades. Approximately 0·5 million hectares have been utterly devastated. It is estimated that food was destroyed that would have sufficed to supply the total diets for one full year of 894,900 Vietnamese (largely civilian). The herbicides have directly or indirectly resulted in various medical and veterinary problems. Timber losses have been estimated to total 47 million cubic meters.  相似文献   

Climate change and forest decline: A review of the red spruce case     

Edward R. Cook  Arthur H. Johnson 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1989,48(1-2):127-140

Climate change as a contributor to the decline of red spruce is investigated. Previous climatic response model results are reviewed and more detailed time-dependent modeling of tree growth-climate interactions are performed using the Kalman filter. These new results show that there is a clear temporal and elevational dependence in the response of red spruce to climate. Influence of abnormally warm prior-August temperatures become increasingly time-dependent with decreasing elevation, which is contrary to the elevational gradient in the severity of decline. Thus, this variable, which had been implicated in red spruce declines from previous studies, is unlikely to be a primary cause of the current decline. However, it may be implicated in earlier declines at low elevations. Prior-December temperatures are influential at all elevations, but time-dependent only at the highest elevational zone. The emergence of a strongly time-dependent prior-November temperature response is clearly associated with a time-trend in the temperature record. Thus, it is likely that red spruce is responding, in a transient sense, to changing climate. An additional transient response to current-July temperatures is not associated with any unusual behavior in the data and is, as yet, unexplained. These results show that red spruce is not in equilibrium with its climatic environment, which may have made it more susceptible to damage caused by natural and anthropogenic factors.  相似文献   

Book reviews     

K. C. Pillai  B. Z. Siegel  S. M. Siegel  A. S. Kallend  Elmer Robinson  Arthur C. Stern 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1987,32(3-4):461-461

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Acute effects of wood-pulp on sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus Nerka)     

Arthur E. Werner  Jack Robinson 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1978,9(1):69-81

Freshwater suspensions of pulp fiber in concentrations exceeding 1000 ppm at 15°C are acutely lethal to sockeye salmon fingerlings. Limited adaptation of such fish to fiber is possible but injury, at least in the short term, is irreversible. The acute lethality of various toxicants associated with industrial pulps is synergistically enhanced by the presence of fiber, and pulp storage up to 158 days at 15°C had no significant effect on the acute lethality. Highly purified fibers are less toxic in fresh than in sea water. The sensitivity to fiber of fish from two sources did not differ significantly.  相似文献   

Book reviews     

K. C. Pillai  Arthur C. Stern  T. Viraraghavan  Michel Benarie  G. F. Humphrey  D. P. Ormrod  Jan S. M. Boleij  Michael Waldichuk  Jan Smeets 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1985,26(3):307-326

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The long way down--are carbon and oxygen isotope signals in the tree ring uncoupled from canopy physiological processes?     

Offermann C  Ferrio JP  Holst J  Grote R  Siegwolf R  Kayler Z  Gessler A 《Tree physiology》2011,31(10):1088-1102

The carbon (δ(13)C) and oxygen (δ(18)O) stable isotope composition is widely used to obtain information on the linkages between environmental drivers and tree physiology over various time scales. The tree-ring archive can especially be exploited to reconstruct inter- and intra-annual variation of both climate and physiology. There is, however, a lack of information on the processes potentially affecting δ(13)C and δ(18)O on their way from assimilation in the leaf to the tree ring. As a consequence, the aim of this study was to trace the isotope signals in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) from leaf water (δ(18)O) and leaf assimilates (δ(13)C and δ(18)O) to tree-ring wood via phloem-transported compounds over a whole growing season. Phloem and leaf samples for δ(13)C and δ(18)O analyses as well as soil water, xylem water, leaf water and atmospheric water vapour samples for δ(18)O analysis were taken approximately every 2 weeks during the growing season of 2007. The δ(13)C and δ(18)O samples from the tree rings were dated intra-annually by monitoring the tree growth with dendrometers. δ(18)O in the phloem organic matter and tree-ring whole wood was not positively related to leaf water evaporative enrichment and δ(18)O of canopy organic matter pools. This finding implies a partial uncoupling of the tree-ring oxygen isotopic signal from canopy physiology. At the same time, internal carbon storage and remobilization physiology most likely prevented δ(13)C in tree-ring whole wood from being closely related to intra-annual variation in environmental drivers. Taking into account the post-photosynthetic isotope fractionation processes resulting in alterations of δ(13)C and δ(18)O not only in the tree ring but also in phloem carbohydrates, as well as the intra-annual timing of changes in the tree internal physiology, might help to better understand the meaning of the tree-ring isotope signal not only intra- but also inter-annually.  相似文献   

Hydrologic pathways and chemical composition of runoff during snowmelt in Loch Vale Watershed,Rocky Mountain National Park,Colorado, USA     

A. Scott Denning  Jill Baron  M. Alisa Mast  Mary Arthur 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1991,59(1-2):107-123

Intensive sampling of a stream draining an alpine-subalpine basin revealed that depressions in pH and acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) of surface water at the beginning of the spring snowmelt in 1987 and 1988 were not accompanied by increases in strong acid anions, and that surface waters did not become acidic (ANC<0). Samples of meltwater collected at the base of the snowpack in 1987 were acidic and exhibited distinct ‘pulses’ of nitrate and sulfate. Solutions collected with lysimeters in forest soils adjacent to the stream revealed high levels of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total Al. Peaks in concentration of DOC, Al, and nutrient species in the stream samples indicate a flush of soil solution into the surface water at the beginning of the melt. Infiltration of meltwater into soils and spatial heterogeneity in the timing of melting across the basin prevented stream and lake waters from becoming acidic.  相似文献