Efficient plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis from anthers and ovaries of six autochthonous grapevine cultivars from Galicia (Spain)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

María Jesús Prado  María Pilar Grueiro  María Victoria González  Pilar S. Testillano  Cristina Domínguez  Marián López  Manuel Rey 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010

An efficient protocol for plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis was developed for the first time in five autochthonous grapevine cultivars (Treixadura, Torrontés, Mencía, Merenzao and Brancellao) from Galicia (north-western Spain). Improvements of the induction protocol for the cv. Albariño in respect to previously reported data were also made. Media containing NN salts and MS vitamins supplemented with combinations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and benzyladenine (BA) were effective in inducing somatic embryogenesis. The addition of casein hydrolysate produced the best results for up to four cultivars (Albariño, Treixadura, Merenzao and Brancellao). Somatic embryogenesis was also induced in explants collected during the binucleate pollen microsporogenesis stage (R3 flower stage) of all cultivars with the exception of Treixadura, suggesting that under appropriate conditions explants can display longer windows of competence. Transfer of embryogenic callus to differentiation medium produced callus proliferation and somatic embryo development proliferation by secondary embryogenesis. However, an extensive process of precocious embryo germination was observed reducing the efficiency of secondary embryo proliferation. This situation was overcame by the use of differentiation medium lacking growth regulators (DM1 medium), which allowed reducing precocious germination by half on average and improving embryo proliferation by secondary embryogenesis. Transfer of normally developed, ungerminated isolated embryos to germination medium allowed obtaining very high percentages of embryo germination (up to 97% in Mencía, more than 87% averaging all cultivars). A comparison of plant conversion between precociously and normally germinated embryos showed that precocious germination in differentiation medium reduced plant conversion, even at high rates depending on the cultivar (from 93% to 39% in Brancellao, from 86% to 61% averaging all cultivars).  相似文献   

New <Emphasis Type="Italic">Citrus</Emphasis> chloroplast haplotypes revealed by molecular markers using Algerian and Spanish accessions     

Taklit Maddi  Estela Pérez-Román  Fadila Maiza-Benabdesselam  Bachra Khettal  Manuel Talon  Victoria Ibanez-Gonzalez 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2018,65(8):2199-2214

Thirty-seven chloroplast molecular markers were used to evaluate the genetic diversity and infer the phylogenetic relationship of 24 Algerian Citrus accessions from the Institut Technique de l′Arboriculture Fruitière et de la Vigne germplasm bank. The reliability and consistence of the clustering distribution was further asserted including 5 Spanish accessions from the Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias. The accessions were positioned on a phylogenetic tree of the genus Citrus based on previous analyses of the whole sequence of citrus chloroplast. Algerian accessions clustered into two main clades mostly differentiated by the occurrence of either mandarin or pummelo chloroplast types. All 7 mandarins analyzed were grouped in the same clade while the other cluster subdivided in 4 groups, included 1 lumia, 3 lemons, 2 grapefruits and 11 sweet oranges. Algerian grapefruit accessions were grouped together with the pummelos in a single cluster while all sweet oranges formed an independent and homogenous clade. Interestingly, the lemons studied were clustered in 3 different subclusters while Citrus lumia genotype was isolated in a different group. These results suggest that in contrast to the studied Algerian mandarins or sweet oranges, that share all the same mandarin or sweet orange chloroplast haplotype, the high diversity of current lemon accessions is at least partially correlated with the identity of different pummelo progenitors which evolved from a common ancestor. In addition, the data indicate that Citrus lumia is a new type of citrus chloroplast that appears to be phylogenetically related to the chloroplasts of the pummelo and micrantha group.  相似文献   

Extending Conifer Removal and Landscape Protection Strategies from Sage-grouse to Songbirds,a Range-Wide Assessment     

J. Patrick Donnelly  Jason D. Tack  Kevin E. Doherty  David E. Naugle  Brady W. Allred  Victoria J. Dreitz 《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2017,70(1):95-105

Recent and unprecedented scale of greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) conservation in the American West enables assessment of community-level benefits afforded to other sagebrush-obligate species. We use North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) count data and machine-learning to assess predictors influencing spatial distribution and abundance of three sagebrush-obligate songbirds (Brewer’s sparrow [Spizella breweri], sagebrush sparrow [Artemisiospiza nevadensis], and sage thrasher [Oreoscoptes montanus]). We quantified co-occurrence of songbird abundance with sage-grouse lek distributions using point pattern analyses and evaluated the concurrence of songbird abundance within sage-grouse habitat restoration and landscape protection. Sagebrush land-cover predictors were positively associated with the abundance of each songbird species in models that explained 16 ? 37% of variation in BBS route level counts. Individual songbird models identified an apparent 40% threshold in sagebrush land-cover, over which songbird abundances nearly doubled. Songbird abundances were positively associated with sage-grouse distributions (P < 0.01); range-wide, landscapes supporting > 50% of males on leks also harbored 13 ? 19% higher densities of songbirds compared with range-wide mean densities. Eighty-five percent of the conifer removal conducted through the Sage Grouse Initiative coincided with high to moderate Brewer’s sparrow abundance. Wyoming’s landscape protection (i.e., “core area”) strategy for sage-grouse encompasses half the high to moderate abundance sagebrush sparrow and sage thrasher populations. In the Great Basin half the high to moderate abundance sagebrush sparrow and sage thrasher populations coincide with sage-grouse Fire and Invasive Assessment Tool priorities, where conservation actions are being focused in an attempt to reduce the threat of wildfire and invasive plants. Our work illustrates spatially targeted actions being implemented ostensibly for sage-grouse largely overlap high abundance centers for three sagebrush obligate passerines and are likely providing significant conservation benefits for less well-known sagebrush songbirds and other sagebrush-associated wildlife.  相似文献   

Improved efficacy of ethyl formate against stored grain insects by combination with carbon dioxide in a 'dynamic' application     

Haritos VS  Damcevski KA  Dojchinov G 《Pest management science》2006,62(4):325-333

Ethyl formate is being evaluated as a fumigant for stored grain as it is a potential alternative to the ozone-depleting fumigant methyl bromide and to phosphine, which is under pressure owing to the development of strong resistance in stored grain insects. However, use of ethyl formate faces significant challenges, such as poor penetration through grain, significant losses to grain sorption, high concentrations of fumigant required to control insects, and flammability risks, which have limited its further development. In this study it was found that the combination of carbon dioxide (5-20%) with ethyl formate significantly enhanced efficacy of the fumigant against external living stages of the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica F., and the flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Dynamic application of ethyl formate and carbon dioxide mixture (100 mg litre-1 ethyl formate, 20% CO2) pumped through a model silo containing wheat (50 kg) for one gas exchange was also investigated. A flow rate of 6 litres min-1 gave a relatively even distribution of fumigant throughout the grain column and similar mortality levels among cultures of S. oryzae and T. castaneum placed at three positions, the top, middle and bottom of the column. Mortality of 99.8% of mixed stage cultures of T. castaneum and 95.1% of S. oryzae was achieved in 3 h exposures to 111 and 185 mg ethyl formate h litre-1 respectively applied by the dynamic method. It is concluded that the combination of carbon dioxide with ethyl formate and dynamic application enhances distribution and efficacy of the fumigant against stored grain insects.  相似文献   

Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs and the Critical Care Patient     

Victoria M. Lukasik DVM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》1995,5(2):99-113

As the management of critically ill and emergency patients intensifies and veterinary surgical procedures become more complex, more sophisticated methods of support are becoming necessary. Emergency and critical care patients are excellent candidates for the use of neuromuscular blocking drugs. The main advantage of the current generation of neuromuscular blocking drugs compared to earlier agents is that they provide muscle relaxation with little or no cardiovascular effects. The pharmacology and physiology of neuromuscular blocking drugs are discussed, and their use is described with specific references to critical care patients. Monitoring techniques are described and reversal of neuromuscular blockade as well as potential side effects and adverse reactions arediscussed.  相似文献   

Evidence for a functional bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) system in the porcine ovary   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Brankin V  Quinn RL  Webb R  Hunter MG 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2005,28(4):367-379

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play important roles in controlling fertility and ovulation rate. There is however, little information on the BMP system in the ovary of a large polyovular species. The aims of the present study were to investigate BMP-2 and -6 protein expression in the porcine ovary, their effects on granulosa cells in culture and their mechanism of action. Cells and oocytes were recovered from healthy antral follicles 2–6 mm in diameter. When assessed by Western blotting, oocytes and follicular fluid contained BMP-2 and -6. In addition, BMP-2 and -6 were observed in granulosa cells and BMP-2 was also found in theca cells. Granulosa cells were cultured in a serum-free system for 144 h in the presence of increasing doses (0, 3, 30 and 100 ng/ml) of BMP-2 or BMP-6. Both BMPs suppressed progesterone production in a dose-dependent manner after 48 h (P < 0.001) and 144 h (P < 0.05). Only BMP-6 stimulated cell proliferation at 100 ng/ml (P < 0.05). Investigation into the mechanism of action found that BMP-2 and -6 decreased cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production (P < 0.01), expression of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) protein (P < 0.001) and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) (BMP-6 only; P < 0.05). This supports the hypothesis that BMP-2 and -6 act as luteinization inhibitors. In conclusion, these findings provide evidence for the presence of a complex signalling mechanism in the porcine ovary and suggest that both BMP-2 and -6 may act in a paracrine manner to control granulosa cell function in this large polyovulatory species.  相似文献   

BMP-2 and -6 modulate porcine theca cell function alone and co-cultured with granulosa cells   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Brankin V  Quinn RL  Webb R  Hunter MG 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2005,29(4):593-604

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are emerging as a family of proteins crucial in the regulation of fertility and ovulation rate. We have shown that porcine theca cells express BMP receptors, however, there is a paucity of information regarding the effect(s) of BMPs on theca cell function. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of BMP-2 and -6 on theca cells cultured under serum-free conditions in terms of steroidogenesis, cAMP release and proliferation. The study was further extended to determine whether BMP responses in theca cells are affected by the addition of granulosa cells to the culture system. Both BMPs suppressed progesterone and androstenedione synthesis by theca cells (P < 0.05) after 144 h in culture. Oestradiol synthesis was suppressed (P < 0.05) by BMP-2, but not BMP-6, and theca cell proliferation was stimulated (P < 0.05) by BMP-6, but not BMP-2, after 144 h in culture. Both BMP-2 and -6 inhibited cAMP release (P < 0.05) by theca cells. Furthermore, progesterone and androstenedione synthesis by co-cultured theca and granulosa cells were suppressed (P < 0.05) whereas cell proliferation was stimulated (P < 0.05). These results provide strong evidence for a functional BMP system in the porcine ovary and that theca cells are responsive to BMPs in terms of steroidogenesis and proliferation. BMP-2 and -6 may have a role as luteinisation inhibitors in this polyovular species.  相似文献   

Live Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) elicit dendritic cell responses that differ from those induced by killed S. Typhimurium     

Norimatsu M  Chance V  Dougan G  Howard CJ  Villarreal-Ramos B 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2004,98(3-4):193-201

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Spontaneous pneumothorax caused by pulmonary blebs and bullae in 12 dogs     

Lipscomb VJ  Hardie RJ  Dubielzig RR 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2003,39(5):435-445

Spontaneous pneumothorax caused by pulmonary blebs and bullae was diagnosed in 12 dogs based on history, clinical examination, thoracic radiographs, surgical findings, and histopathological examination of resected pulmonary lesions. Radiographic evidence of blebs or bullae was seen in only one dog. None of the dogs responded to conservative treatment with thoracocentesis or thoracostomy tube drainage. A median sternotomy approach was used to explore the thorax in all dogs. Pulmonary blebs and bullae were resected with partial or complete lung lobectomy. Ten of the dogs had more than one lesion, and seven of the dogs had bilateral lesions. The cranial lung lobes were most commonly affected. Histopathology results of the blebs and bullae were consistent in all dogs and resembled lesions found in humans with primary spontaneous pneumothorax. None of the dogs developed recurrence of pneumothorax. Median follow-up time was 19 months. The outcome following resection of the pulmonary blebs and bullae was excellent.  相似文献   

Soil carbon dioxide flux and rice photosynthesis     

Shouichi Yoshida  Victoria Coronel  Francisco T. Parao  Evangelina de los Reyes 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):381-386

Measurement of CO₂ concentration in air at 25 em below and 100 em above the canopy of a good rice crop indicated that a severe CO₂ deficit occurred around the photosynthetic surface of crop when light intensity was high. Soil CO₂ flux as measured by the soda lime method in a closed system ranged from 3.9 to 5.7 g.m^-2. day^-1 under flooded conditions and from 6.0 to 8,6g.m^-2 .day^-1 under drained conditions. Cropped soil released more CO₂ than bare soil under both flooded and drained conditions. The estimated contribution of soil CO₂ to gross photosynthesis was 6%, for the flooded soil and 7% for the drained soil or a contribution of 9 and 12% to net dry matter production. These results together with other information indicate that atmospheric CO₂ is the most important source of CO₂, in crop photosynthesis, soil CO₂ released into atmosphere Is second most important, and soil CO₂ absorbed by plant roots is almost negligible.  相似文献