Boar Sperm Encapsulation Reduces In Vitro Polyspermy     

M Faustini  M Bucco  G Galeati  M Spinaci  S Villani  T Chlapanidas  I Ghidoni  D Vigo  ML Torre 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(2):359-362

A boar sperm encapsulation technology in barium alginate has been developed to enhance reproductive performances and spermatozoa preservation time; aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of in vitro sperm encapsulation on polyspermy as a function of storage time at 18°C. A total number of 40 in vitro fertilization (IVF) tests were performed using encapsulated or diluted spermatozoa (20 IVF each treatment). Overall, 1288 in vitro matured oocytes were fertilized with spermatozoa stored at 24, 48 or 72 h at 18°C for both treatments polyspermy and normospermy, and the non‐penetration rates were assessed by optical microscopy. Results indicate a significant reduction in risk of polyspermic oocytes when spermatozoa are preserved in barium alginate membranes (incidence risk ratio: 0.766 with respect to diluted); such enhancement could be explained by lesser damage of sperm membranes achieved by encapsulation technology.  相似文献   

Biological activity of astilbin from Dimorphandra mollis against Anticarsia gemmatalis and Spodoptera frugiperda     

Batista Pereira LG  Petacci F  Fernandes JB  Corrêa AG  Vieira PC  da Silva MF  Malaspina O 《Pest management science》2002,58(5):503-507

Astilbin was isolated in high yield from Dimorphandra mollis, and its insecticidal and growth inhibiting activity by stomach ingestion were evaluated against Anticarsia gemmatalis and Spodoptera frugiperda. The insecticidal activity of astilbin, the weight reduction of the larval phase and the prolongation of the larval and pupal phases were verified for both species. Astilbin was identified on the base of its NMR, MS and physical data.  相似文献   

Endoscopy of the upper respiratory tract during treadmill exercise: a clinical study of 100 horses   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

NJ KANNEGIETER  ML DORE 《Australian veterinary journal》1995,72(3):101-107

SUMMARY: Endoscopy of the upper respiratory tract was performed in 100 horses during high speed treadmill exercise. Reasons for endoscopy were a history of an abnormal noise during exercise in 75 horses, poor performance in 17 horses and to evaluate the results of upper respiratory tract surgery in 8 horses. Of the 75 horses with a history of an abnormal noise during exercise the cause was determined in 67 (89%). Endoscopic abnormalities were detected at rest in 40 of these 75 horses (53%). In these 40 horses, a similar diagnosis as to the cause of the abnormal noise was made at rest and during exercise on the treadmill in 19 cases, while in the remaining 21 the endoscopic findings during exercise varied from that seen at rest. This included 3 horses in which a diagnosis was made at rest but no abnormalities were detected during exercise. Some of the findings during treadmill endoscopy included laryngeal dysfunction, grades 3, 4 and 5 (22 cases), dorsal displacement of the soft palate (20), epiglottic entrapment (8), epiglottic flutter (4), aryepiglottic fold flutter (4), pharyngeal collapse (3), arytenoiditis (3), vocal cord flutter (3), false nostril noise (2), pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia (2), soft palate haemorrhage (1) and positional arytenoid collapse (1). More than one abnormality was observed during exercise in 7 horses. A complete and correct diagnosis based on the resting endoscopy findings alone was made in 19 (25%) of these 75 cases. In the 17 horses examined because of poor performance, no abnormalities were detected during treadmill endoscopy that were not evident at rest. None of these 17 horses presented with a history of an abnormal respiratory noise, although one, diagnosed as having grade 4 laryngeal function at rest and exercise, did make a characteristic inspiratory noise during treadmill exercise. Eight horses were evaluated after surgery for correction of laryngeal hemiplegia, as the post-operative performance or the amount of respiratory noise present was considered unsatisfactory. Of these, 3 were found to have a satisfactory airway during exercise and other reasons for poor performance were detected; 3 had insufficient abduction; and 2 had intermittent dorsal displacement of the soft palate. Endoscopy of the upper respiratory tract was found to be a useful technique for evaluating the cause of abnormal respiratory noise in most cases. We concluded that treadmill endoscopy in horses presented for poor performance, without a history of an abnormal respiratory noise, was of little value. The technique, in conjunction with arterial blood gas measurements, was useful in determining the efficacy of surgical treatment of laryngeal hemiplegia.  相似文献   

The Effect of Prostaglandin E₂ on the Cervices of Dioestrous and Prepartum Mares     

DH Volkmann  HJ Bertschinger  ML Schulman 《Reproduction in domestic animals》1995,30(4):240-244

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Interaction of parasitism and nutrition in goats: effects on haematological parameters, correlations, and other statistical associations.     

H D Blackburn  J L Rocha  E P Figueiredo  M E Berne  L S Vieira  A R Cavalcante  J S Rosa 《Veterinary parasitology》1992,44(3-4):183-197

Weaned wether goats (n = 144) approximately 6 months of age were placed in a 2 x 3 factorial experiment to test the effects and interaction of two levels of nutrition (growth+maintenance, NUT1; and twice growth+maintenance, NUT2) and three levels of Haemonchus contortus burden (0, 500, and 2000 larvae administered every 2 weeks; W0, W500, and W2000, respectively) on packed cell volume, red blood cell count, total serum protein and leukocytes. The statistical analysis revealed clear and proportionate differences among levels of infection for all variables. A significant (P < 0.05) nutritional effect was also found associated with all the variables except leukocytes. Nutrition by worm load interactions were found for packed cell volume and leukocytes. The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was higher in the NUT1-infected animals, leading to the nutrition by worm load interaction for leukocytes. An analysis for the different leukocyte types revealed significant (P < 0.05) differences among infection levels for lymphocytes, while nutrition level was found to be a significant effect for basophil count and immature white cells. Several significant correlations were observed between pairs of variables. Faecal egg output could be predicted from actual worm count in three of the four necropsy periods. The clear differences observed for blood parameters were not present in production traits, suggesting that physiological thresholds may play an important role in framing the metabolic activity of biological organisms. Total serum protein was the best indicator of these effects on production parameters.  相似文献   

Importance of Lutzomyia longipalpis in the dynamics of transmission of canine visceral leishmaniasis in the endemic area of Porteirinha Municipality, Minas Gerais, Brazil     

França-Silva JC  Barata RA  Costa RT  Monteiro EM  Machado-Coelho GL  Vieira EP  Prata A  Mayrink W  Nascimento E  Fortes-Dias CL  da Silva JC  Dias ES 《Veterinary parasitology》2005,131(3-4):213-220

A study of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz and Neiva, 1912) (Diptera: Psychodidae), the primary vector of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL), and the canine form of the disease, was carried out in Porteirinha. The city is situated in the northern part of the Brazilian State of Minas Gerais and is an endemic area of AVL. Systematic phlebotomine captures were performed in seven districts with previously reported cases of canine visceral leishmaniasis, during 2 years (January 2000--December 2001). A total of 2328 specimens of L. longipalpis were captured. The association between the local climate variables and the population density of L. longipalpis was evaluated and rainfall was determined to be a major factor, with increased populations during the rainy season (October--March). At the same time period, blood samples from every dog domiciled in the same seven districts, in total 14,077 animals, were analyzed for infection by viscerotropic Leishmania using indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Accumulated incidence rates of canine VL per district varied from 3.40 to 14.34 for the 2-year period. A positive correlation between the population density of L. longipalpis and the canine cases of visceral leishmaniasis in Porteirinha was observed.  相似文献   

Epidemiology of canine visceral leishmaniosis in the endemic area of Montes Claros Municipality,Minas Gerais State,Brazil     

França-Silva JC  da Costa RT  Siqueira AM  Machado-Coelho GL  da Costa CA  Mayrink W  Vieira EP  Costa JS  Genaro O  Nascimento E 《Veterinary parasitology》2003,111(2-3):161-173

The Montes Claros City is located in an endemic area for visceral leishmaniosis in the Minas Gerais State, Brazil. With the implementation of a program for the control of visceral leishmaniosis in 1994, a sectional study was carried out to evaluate the infection by viscerotropic Leishmania in the population of dogs from Montes Claros, basically using indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT). Blood samples were collected on filter paper from 33,937 dogs, representing 96.1% of the canine local population. The prevalence for visceral leishmaniosis was found to be 9.7% in the municipality, being 9.9% in the urban area and 8.8% in the rural area. The annual incidence showed to be 64.3/1000 dogs. Prevalence of infection was not correlated with dogs age. The most affected breeds were: Boxer (24.6%) and Cocker (26.9%); Mongrel dogs had a prevalence of 7.8%. Short-hair animals had a prevalence of 11.9%, while long-furred animals had a prevalence of 8.9%. The isoenzymatic profile indicated that Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi was the visceral leishmaniosis etiological agent in Montes Claros City, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The main geographical areas for the parasite transmission were identified, and control measures were immediately started. The role of the dog as a reservoir for L. chagasi was confirmed. It was demonstrated that short-furred animals are at a higher risk of acquiring visceral leishmaniosis than the long-furred dogs.  相似文献   

Physiological and Phytosanitary Potentials of Coriander and Radish Seeds     

Jucilayne Femandes  Vieira Francisco  Amaral Villela  Orlando Antonio  Lucca Filho  Raifer Simoes  Campelo 《农业科学与技术》2013,(2):126-130

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On the genus Bursaphelenchus Fuchs, 1937 (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchinae) associated with wood and insects from declining forest trees in the Czech Republic     

V. Čermák  P. Vieira  V. Gaar  M. Čudejková  J. Foit  M. Zouhar  O. Douda  M. Mota 《Forest Pathology》2013,43(4):306-316

An overview of the genus Bursaphelenchus in the Czech Republic is presented, based on a recent survey for monitoring the presence of the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, as well as on previous reports of this genus in the country. In addition, we provide a morphological and molecular characterization of four Bursaphelenchus species (B. eremus, B. pinophilus, B. vallesianus and B. borealis) found during the monitoring programme for forest pests, conducted during 2006–2010, within the Moravian and Bohemian regions. Nematodes were extracted from over 1917 insects and 1493 wood samples collected from deciduous and coniferous trees exhibiting wilting and declining symptoms. Bursaphelenchus species were found only in 0.73% of insects and 0.47% of the total number of wood samples. Bursaphelenchus borealis and B. pinophilus dauer juveniles were found associated with the insect vectors Dryocetes autographus and Pityogenes bidentatus, respectively. While a total of seven Bursaphelenchus species are now reported from the Czech Republic, the status of B. xylophilus remains as absent.  相似文献   

On the track of Bursaphelenchus pinophilus Brzeski and Baujard, 1997 (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) in Portugal     

P. Vieira  M. Mota 《Forest Pathology》2013,43(5):433-436

This is the first report and characterization of Bursaphelenchus pinophilus in Portugal. This species was isolated from a young dying Pinus pinaster tree located in Valverde, in the Alentejo region. Nematodes were identified using several morphological diagnostic characters for this species (male spicule structure, number of lateral incisures, number and distribution of the male papillae, presence of female vulval flap and female tail shape) and confirmed using RFLP analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of ribosomal DNA.  相似文献