Evidence for a translocatable florigenic promoter in mango     

Thomas L. Davenport  Zhentu Ying  Vinod Kulkarni  Thomas L. White 《Scientia Horticulturae》2006

Movement of a putative florigenic promoter from leaves to buds was investigated in two cultivars of mango (Mangifera indica L.) over two flowering seasons through examination of the minimum number of leaves on each stem necessary for floral induction and movement of this component over various distances from stem to stem in isolated branches. The minimum number of leaves on individual stems necessary to induce flowering was less than 1/4 of a cross-cut leaf per stem. The putative florigenic promoter moved from donor stems bearing as few as one leaf to induce flowering in five receiver stems located as far down branches as 100 cm from the donor stem. Evidence suggests that movement of the putative florigenic promoter occurs in phloem and that far more of this component is available in trees than is necessary for floral induction of initiating shoots during cool, floral-inductive conditions of the subtropics.  相似文献   

Progeny evaluation of Jatropha curcas and Pongamia pinnata with comparison to bioproductivity and biodiesel parameters     

Vinod Kumar Patil  Prithviraj Bhandare  Pramod B. Kulkarni  G.R.Naik 《林业研究》2015,(1):137-142

Progeny studies of Jatropha curcas and Pongamia pinnata were carried with respect to bioproductivity,pod and seed characters which is one of the selection methods in tree improvement programmes. Variations in bioproductivity and biodiesel parameters of both the plants were compared every 6 months for 4 years of investigation and analyzed by analysis of variance and correlation coefficient by Pearson’s method using software Graphpad instat 3.06(for Windows and Mac). P. pinnata has better germination rate(71.4 %), 100 pod weight(PW)(311.59 g) and 100 seed weight(SW)(173.46 g) as compared to J. curcas for germination rate(43.2 %), 100 PW(111.29 g) and 100 SW(67.46 g). P. pinnata has strong correlation for plant height to canopy growth(CG)(0.948), collar diameter(CD)(0.994), number of branches per plant(NBP)(0.995) and to number of leaves per branch(NLB)(0.862) as compared to J.curcas which showed good correlation among plant height to CG(0.976), CD(0.970), NBP(0.988), NLB(0.920) and to number of pods per branch(0.657). However, J. curcas depicted negative correlation for pod breadth to seed length(SL)(-0.447), seed breadth(-0.248) and to seed thickness(ST)(-0.364) and among the 100 PW to SL(-0.199), ST(-0.220) and to 100 SW(-0.704). About 4 kg of P. pinnata seeds were required for each liter of crude oil which yields896 ml of biodiesel on transesterification as compared to5.66 kg of J. curcas seeds for a liter of crude oil, producing about 663 ml of biodiesel. The quality of biodiesel meets the major specification of American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM) standards for biodiesel. The crude glycerin and seed cake obtained as byproduct during biodiesel production were also measured which can be purified and used in composting, animal feeds, pharmaceuticals and cosmetic industries.  相似文献   

Inheritance of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac toxin in Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from India     

Kaur P  Dilawari VK 《Pest management science》2011,67(10):1294-1302

BACKGROUND: The cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), is one of the most serious insect pests of cotton. It has developed resistance to almost all groups of chemical insecticides because of their intensive use. The failure of insecticides to control H. armigera has been a strong incentive for the adoption of transgenic cotton (Bt cotton). However, the value of Bt could be diminished by widespread resistance development to Bt toxins in insect populations. Therefore, understanding the genetic basis of resistance is essential for developing and implementing strategies to delay and monitor resistance. RESULTS: A resistant strain designated as BM‐R was obtained from the cross of adults from Bathinda () and Muktsar (), Punjab, India, which showed the highest survival (60.68%) and LC₅₀ value (1.396 µg mL^?1 diet). Similarly, a laboratory‐maintained strain from Hoshiarpur, Punjab, showed maximum susceptibility to Cry1Ac toxin with the lowest LC₅₀ value (0.087 µg mL^?1), and was designated as HP‐S. The genetic purity of both strains was confirmed by RAPD profile analysis at each generation, and genetic similarity reached more than 90% after the third generation. Continuous maintenance of the resistant BM‐R strain on Cry1Ac resulted in an increase in LC₅₀ from 0.531 µg mL^?1 in F₀ to 4.28 µg mL^?1 in F₁₄ and 7.493 µg mL^?1 in F₁₉, while the LC₅₀ values for HP‐S larvae on diet without Cry1Ac increased to 0.106 and 0.104 µg mL^?1, which lay within the fiducial limits of the baseline LC₅₀ value. The mode of inheritance of resistance was elucidated through bioassay response of resistant, susceptible heterozygotes and backcross progeny to Cry1Ac incorporated in semi‐synthetic diet. CONCLUSION: Based on dominance, degree of dominance and backcross values, resistance was inferred to be polygenic, autosomal and inherited as a recessive trait. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Optimal design of single and multiple stage activated sludge processes     

Ajay Aggarwal  Vinod Tare 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1988,42(1-2):67-85

The present paper describes a rational approach to minimum cost design of an integrated activated sludge process which includes activated sludge reactor, secondary clarifier and sludge recycle. The cost of anaerobic digestion of excess sludge produced is also considered. Procedures for optimal design of both single and multiple stage activated sludge processes, considering construction and operational costs are developed. Biomass concentration in aeration tank and return sludge are utilized as the primary independent design variables to which system performance is related for single stage process. In the multiple stage process, additional design variables (flow and volume fractions for each stage) are included in design vector. Liquid-biomass separation is based on the batch solids flux theory. The optimization problem is framed as minimization of capital and operating cost subject to the constraints determined by effluent quality criteria and process variables affecting the performance. The interior penalty function method is used. Results definitely favor the application of multiple stage process over single stage. The major factor which appears to be contributing to reduction in cost is the biological solids retention time and hence the aeration tank volume.  相似文献   

Comparative potential of phenotypic,ISSR and SSR markers for characterization of sesame (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Sesamum indicum</Emphasis> L.) varieties from India     

Vinod Kumar  Satyendra Nath Sharma 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2011,14(3):163-171

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Carbohydrate metabolism changes in fish fingerlings and yearlings exposed to linear alkyl benzene sulphonate     

Virendra Misra  Vinod Kumar  Shri Dhar Pandey  P. N. Viswanathan 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1990,50(3-4):233-239

Exposure of fish fingerlings (Cirrhina mrigala) and yearlings (Puntius sophore) to a concentration of 0.005 mg L^?1 of linear alkyl benzene sulphonate for 24, 48, and 96 hr caused alterations in glycogen, lactic acid and sialic acid content in gill, liver, muscles and kidney. Significant decreases in the level of glycogen and elevation in the level of lactic acid demonstrated impairment of carbohydrate metabolism. Decrease in the sialic acid content suggested functional changes in membranes in toxicity.  相似文献   

System of rice intensification in short duration rice hybrids under varying bio-physical regimes: New opportunities to enhance rice productivity and rural livelihoods in North-Western Himalayas under a participatory-mode technology transfer program     

Anil K. Choudhary  Vinod K. Suri 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(20):2581-2605

Abstract

To harness the benefits of system of rice intensification (SRI) coupled with short-duration rice-hybrids, 10 multi-location “On-Farm-Trials” were conducted during 2007–2012 in Himachal Pradesh, India. The study revealed that rice-hybrids were more productive with higher resource-use-efficiency than high-yielding-varieties (HYVs) both under conventional-transplanting (CT) and SRI. The Arize-6129 rice-hybrid exhibited wider adaptability for CT and SRI under varying bio-physical regimes. Arize-6129 rice-hybrid under SRI in rainfed medium-fertility, irrigated medium-fertility and irrigated high-fertility situations yielded about 6.75–6.88, 7.00–7.86, and 7.58-8.32 t grains ha^?1, respectively; with respective net returns of INR 48,517–49,761, 57,240–62,603 and 64,333–66,748?ha^?1. After Arize-6129, “Swift,” “US-312,” and “PAC-801” are the alternate options for SRI-cultivation. Adoption of SRI using short-duration rice-hybrids under participator-mode technology-transfer program, led to higher net income gains by 29.4% over CT in study area. Overall, SRI using short-duration rice-hybrids has provided new opportunities to enhance rice productivity and profitability to transform rural-livelihoods in wet-temperate NW Himalayas.  相似文献   

Potassium management in rice–maize systems in South Asia     

Jagadish Timsina  Vinod Kumar Singh  Kaushik Majumdar 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2013,176(3):317-330

Potassium (K) availability in soils is largely governed by their mineralogical composition. The extent of weathering of primary K‐bearing minerals, the chemical pathways through which weathering takes place, as well as the dynamic equilibrium between various K fractions in soils are factors which determine different soil types of varying K‐supplying capacity. The marked variability of K availability in soils in South Asia needs to be taken into account when formulating K‐management strategies in intensive cereal‐based systems in response to K application. Evidence from long‐term fertilizer experiments in rice–rice (R‐R) or rice–wheat (R‐W) systems strongly indicates significant yield responses to K application and negative K balances where K application is either omitted or applied suboptimally. However, K‐fertilizer recommendations in South Asia are generalized over large areas while farmers neglect K application to crops and remove crop residues from fields. These practices may strongly affect yield and soil K‐fertility status in the emerging rice–maize (R‐M) systems in different locations of South Asia. The dry‐matter yield of the R‐M system is usually much higher than that of the R‐R or R‐W system causing high withdrawal of nutrients from the soil. The current review assesses various K forms and K availability in diverse soil types of South Asia supporting rice‐based systems. Aspects considered include: long‐term crop yield and its response to added nutrients, K balance for intensive rice‐based systems, and the role of crop residues in supplying K to crops. Emerging data from either completed or on‐going experiments on the R‐M systems in India and Bangladesh have revealed very high system productivity and variable responses and agronomic K‐use efficiency of maize and rice. Potassium responses of maize are extremely high and variable for soils in Bangladesh. Finally, a plant‐based strategy for field‐specific nutrient management is presented and the need for models and decision support systems for developing efficient K management of the R‐M system is also discussed.  相似文献   

Analysis of diversity and distribution of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Jatropha curcas</Emphasis> L. germplasm using Geographic Information System (DIVA-GIS)     

N. Sunil  N. Sivaraj  K. Anitha  Babu Abraham  Vinod Kumar  E. Sudhir  M. Vanaja  K. S. Varaprasad 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2009,56(1):115-119

Jatropha curcas L., an important biodiesel plant, has been studied for its distribution and diversity in south east coastal zone of India using DIVA-GIS. The Grid maps were generated on the distribution pattern, plant height, number of primary branches, collar length, number of fruits per cluster and oil content. Flowering in the collected accessions were grouped in to very early (35%), early (29%), medium duration (10%), late (20%), and very late (6%) types. Analysis for richness using rarefaction method of DIVA-GIS showed that Ranga Reddy district of Andhra Pradesh is the potential area for germplasm with high oil content. The present study revealed that diverse germplasm accessions of J. curcas are distributed all over the south east coastal zone and enabled us to find out gaps in collection and diversity richness from SEC zone of India for conservation.  相似文献   

Erratum to: Morpho-physiological parameters associated with iron deficiency chlorosis resistance and their effect on yield and its related traits in groundnut     

Ishwar H. Boodi  Santosh K. Pattanashetti  Basavaraj D. Biradar  Gopalakrishna K. Naidu  Virupakshi P. Chimmad  Anand Kanatti  Vinod Kumar  Manoj K. Debnath 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2016,19(3):259-261

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