Inflammation and wound healing in cats with chronic gingivitis/stomatitis after extraction of all premolars and molars were not affected by feeding of two diets with different omega‐6/omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios     

R. J. Corbee  H. E. Booij‐Vrieling  C. H. A. van de Lest  L. C. Penning  M. A. Tryfonidou  F. M. Riemers  H. A. W. Hazewinkel 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2012,96(4):671-680

Feline chronic gingivitis/stomatitis (FCGS) is a painful inflammatory disease in cats. Extraction of teeth, including all premolars and molars, has been shown to be the therapy of choice in cats not responding sufficiently to home care (e.g. tooth brushing) and/or medical treatment (corticosteroids and/or antibiotics). In this study, we hypothesize that a cat food with an omega‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω6 PUFA) to ω3 PUFA ratio of 10:1 reduces inflammation of the FCGS and accelerates soft tissue wound healing of the gingiva after dental extractions, compared to a cat food with a ω6:ω3 PUFA ratio of 40:1. The cats were fed diets with chicken fat and fish oil as sources of fatty acids. In one diet, part of the fish oil was replaced by safflower oil, resulting in two diets with ω6:ω3 PUFA ratios of 10:1 and 40:1. This double‐blinded study in two groups of seven cats revealed that dietary fatty acids influence the composition of plasma cholesteryl esters and plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines. The diet with the 10:1 ratio lowered PGD₂, PGE₂ and LTB₄ plasma levels significantly, compared to the diet with the 40:1 ratio (p = 0.05, p = 0.04, and p = 0.02 respectively). However, feeding diets with dietary ω6:ω3 PUFA ratios of 10:1 and 40:1, given to cats with FCGS for 4 weeks after extraction of all premolars and molars, did not alter the degree of inflammation or wound healing.  相似文献   

Chemical disinfectants can reduce potato blackleg caused by ‘Dickeya solani’     

R. Czajkowski  W. J. de Boer  J. M. van der Wolf 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2013,136(2):419-432

Treatments of tubers with chemical disinfectants (70 % ethanol, 1 % sodium hypochlorite, 2 % copper sulphate, 5 % peracetic acid, 10 % hydrogen peroxide, 1 % MennoClean (benzoic acid), 5 % trisodium phosphate and 0.2 % caffeine) were evaluated for control of blackleg caused by ‘D. solani’. All disinfectants effectively killed bacteria in axenic cultures within 5 min and all, except hydrogen peroxide and trisodium phosphate, were able to kill ‘D. solani’ in spiked potato extracts. Treatments with all disinfectants except trisodium phosphate, reduced the pathogen populations on the periderm of tubers previously inoculated by dipping in a suspension of ‘D. solani’, when the disinfectant was applied for at least 15 min. However, in replicated greenhouse experiments, treatments with all disinfectants except hydrogen peroxide and caffeine resulted in phytotoxicity, reducing sprouting of tubers with 10 – 100 %. Sodium hypochlorite and MennoClean were selected for further studies. Treatments of inoculated tubers with these disinfectants prevented developing of soft rot symptoms on tubers when subjected to favourable rotting conditions. In replicated greenhouse experiments, inoculated tubers treated with sodium hypochlorite and MennoClean reduced the blackleg disease incidences from 50 % to 0 % and to 5 %, respectively, and symptomless infection of potato stems from 93 % to 0 % and to 5 %, respectively. A combination of both compounds was highly phytotoxic. The potential use of sodium hypochlorite and MennoClean in an integrated management strategy for potato blackleg is discussed.  相似文献   

萤光假单胞细菌根部定殖对水培系统中香石竹镰刀菌枯萎病的作用     

徐同 Peer  R 《植物病理学报》1989,19(3):179-184

 本文报道萤光假单胞菌(fluorescent Pseudomas spp.) WCSX 13.WCS 417andWCS 358在水培系统中香石竹根部的定殖及其对香石竹镰刀菌枯萎病的抑制作用。细菌处理两周后,WCS 417在感病品种Lena和中抗品种Pallas根部的定殖分别为8.8×10²cfu/cm和9.8×10²cfu/cm,而WCS 358分别为0.9×10²cfu/cm和0.13×10²cfu/cm。在通气的三角瓶中水培的Pallas品种,人工接种病原菌香竹石尖镰孢Fusarium oxyspotum f.sp.dianthi (Prill.&Del.) Snyd.&Hans.(Fod)6周后,用WCSX·13和WCS 417根部处理的病指分别为0.19和0.31,未细菌处理的对照为0.58,细菌处理植株的根部及茎内组织的病原菌种群密度低于对照。营养膜技术(NFT)栽培的Lena品种,WCS 417细菌处理的发病率比对照减少13%。  相似文献   

Seeds in a rainforest soil and their relation to shifting cultivation in the Ivory Coast     

ANNEKE de  ROUW CATHARINA van  OERS 《Weed Research》1988,28(5):373-381

In the Taï region of the Ivory Coast, mature forest is felled and burned and a crop of rice is grown; forest is then allowed to regenerate for 20 or more years before being cropped again. The top 10 cm of soil beneath a 21-year-old forest prior to felling contained 2000 viable seeds m^?2 of mainly woody species of previous successional stages no longer represented in the vegetation. Seedling emergence was greater in full sunlight than under leaf canopy, especially for herbaceous species of open habitats. Burning destroyed almost half of the seeds, but overall germination of those that survived was advanced by about 2 weeks. Germination of some common pioneer species was enhanced by the fire. Provided that burning took place and the rice was planted immediately, vegetation arising from the seed bank did not present a problem. The density never exceeded 70 seedlings m^?2 and little or no weeding was required. Species present at densities greater than 1 seedling 10 m^?2 were all recorded in the seed bank.  相似文献   

Growth of the mycoparasitic fungus Verticillium biguttatum from different geographical origins at near-minimum temperatures     

P. H. J. F. van den Boogert  T. A. W. M. Saat 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1991,97(2):115-124

Sclerotia ofRhizoctonia solani collected from potato tubers from different countries were assayed for the presence of mycoparasites. Among the mycoparasites observedVerticillium biguttatum predominated. Its geographical distribution was not restricted to certain latitudes or soil types;V. biguttatum occurred worldwide in potato fields.The minimum growth temperature of 57V. biguttatum isolates was found to be in the narrow range from 10 to 13°C, irrespective of their geographical origin. A non-linear logistic growth model was used to describe the radial growth onRhizoctonia mycelium and nutrient agar plates. At near-minimum temperature the maximum colony radii varied considerably; they were up to 3.8 times that of the reference isolate M73. Based on parameter values for logistic growth, fast-and slow-growing isolates could be distinguished. Although the growth properties ofV. biguttatum isolates from different locations varied, the presence of fast- and slow-growing isolates was not restricted to particular areas and both types could be found in the same field. However, bioassays with selected fast- and slow-growing isolates do not support the assumption that growth at near-minimum temperatures is a relevant criterion for screening isolates ofV. biguttatum in terms of effectiveness for biological control ofR. solani.  相似文献   

New mite-borne virus isolates from rakkyo,shallot and wild leek species   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Paul van Dijk  René A. A. van der Vlugt 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1994,100(3-4):269-277

Flexuous viruses were transmitted from rakkyo (Allium chinense) and wild leek species (especiallyA. commutatum) to plants of crow garlic (A. vineale), by transfer of dry bulb mites. By electron microscope decoration tests using three antisera and by inoculations onto test plants, it was concluded that from each of the two natural host species at least two viruses were isolated. The viruses from wild leeks are both pathogenic onAllium spp. and may be of economic importance. Decoration tests on a virus mixture from shallot obtained earlier, revealed another new mite-borne virus in this species. The mite-borne viruses ofAllium spp. appear to be very common; they are largely diverse and their identification remains difficult.  相似文献   

Book review     

J. W. L. van Vuurde 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1987,93(4):200-200

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Effects of postweaning dietary energy source on reproductive traits in primiparous sows   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

van den Brand H  Langendijk P  Soede NM  Kemp B 《Journal of animal science》2001,79(2):420-426

An experiment was conducted to study the effects of major dietary energy source fed from weaning to ovulation or from ovulation to d 35 of pregnancy on reproductive traits in primiparous sows. Dietary energy sources were used to manipulate the plasma insulin concentration. One hundred thirteen sows were used in a split-plot design. From weaning to ovulation sows were fed at two times maintenance either a diet with tallow (Fat) or maize starch plus dextrose (Starch) as the major energy source. From ovulation onward, sows within each dietary group were alternately reassigned to either the Fat or the Starch diet and were fed at 1.25 times maintenance. Estrus detection was performed three times a day from d 3 to 9 after weaning and sows were inseminated each day of standing estrus. On d 35 of pregnancy, the sows were slaughtered and their reproductive tracts were removed. Plasma insulin concentration was higher in sows fed the Starch-rich diet than in sows fed the Fat-rich diet on d 4 after weaning (1.30 vs 0.97 ng/mL, P = 0.08) and on d 32 of pregnancy (1.20 vs 0.51 ng/mL, P < 0.001). Plasma glucose and IGF-I concentration on d 4 after weaning and d 32 of pregnancy did not differ between sows on the two dietary energy sources. The percentage of sows exhibiting estrus within 9 d after weaning was 52 and 67% for the Fat and Starch diet before ovulation, respectively (P = 0.11), whereas the weaning-to-estrus interval was 134 vs 123 h, respectively (P = 0.12). Survival analysis showed that sows fed the Fat-rich diet had a 1.6 times higher risk to remain anestrous until d 9 after weaning than sows fed the Starch-rich diet (P = 0.04). No effect of dietary energy source, either before or after ovulation, on uterine, placental, or embryonal development on d 35 of pregnancy was found. It can be concluded that the dietary energy source provided after weaning can affect the risk of sows to remain anestrous but does not affect uterine, placental, or embryonic traits.  相似文献   

Epidemiological investigations into the sources of Salmonella contamination of pork     

Swanenburg M  Berends BR  Urlings HA  Snijders JM  van Knapen F 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2001,114(9-10):356-359

This study was conducted to elucidate which phases of the pork production chain contribute to the Salmonella contamination on pork after slaughter. During 7 sampling days, samples were collected of randomly selected slaughter pigs and of pigs from selected Salmonella-infected and Salmonella-free herds, trucks, lairages, and slaughterlines, in two slaughterhouses. Salmonella genotypes, present on pork after slaughter, were compared with Salmonella types, present on the farm, in the truck, in the lairage, on slaughter equipment, and in pigs from other herds. Results showed that the slaughterline was the most important source of Salmonella contamination of carcasses. The farm was the most important source of contamination of livers, tongues, rectal samples and mesenterial lymphnodes, for pigs originating from sero-positive herds. The lairage was the most important contamination source for pigs originating from sero-negative herds, for all samples, except carcasses. It is recommended to avoid each direct or indirect contact between different herds along the whole pork production chain, especially between Salmonella-infected and Salmonella-free herds.  相似文献   

Diagnosis of cerebellar cortical degeneration in a Scottish terrier using magnetic resonance imaging     

van der Merwe LL  Lane E 《The Journal of small animal practice》2001,42(8):409-412

Primary cerebellar cortical degeneration (CCD), also termed abiotrophy, is the spontaneous premature degeneration of fully differentiated neurological tissue. Cerebellar hypoplasia shares many morphological features with primary CCD, both conditions being characterised by decreased cerebellar size, with reduced numbers of Purkinje and granular cells. CCD has been identified in many canine breeds. This is the first report of the syndrome in a Scottish terrier. The patient presented with mild, gradually progressive ataxia. Survey radiographs of the cervical spine and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis were normal. CSF distemper and Toxoplasma titres were negative. A diagnosis of cerebellar atrophy was made based on magnetic resonance imaging. The progressive clinical signs suggested cerebellar degeneration rather than hypoplasia. On necropsy, the cerebellum showed macroscopic and microscopic changes consistent with primary CCD.  相似文献