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联合施用不同植物物质和鸡粪对土壤碳氮含量和蔬菜产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
R. A. OMARI H. P. AUNG M. HOU T. YOKOYAMA S. ONWONA-AGYEMAN Y. OIKAWA Y. FUJII S. D. BELLINGRATH-KIMURA 《土壤圈》2016,26(4):510-521
The use of plant materials as soil amendments is an uncommon practice amongst major farming communities in Ghana, although it is necessary for soil fertility improvement. An examination of the effects of soil amendments is necessary to encourage the use of under-utilized organic resources in Ghana. Thus, a field experiment was conducted using 8 different tropical plant materials mixed with chicken manure as soil amendments for growth of tomato as a test crop. The plant materials included Leucaena leucocephala, Centrosema pubescens, Sesbania sesban, Gliricidia sepium, Mucuna pruriens, Pueraria phaseoloides, Azadirachta indica, and Theobroma cacao. There were two other treatments: one with equivalent amounts of chemical fertilizers and the other with no-fertilizer input (control). Plant materials were mixed with chicken manure to obtain a uniform carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) ratio of 5:1. Except the no-fertilizer control, all treatments received the same amount of nitrogen (N). To clarify the decomposition pattern of the plant materials in soil, an incubation experiment was conducted using only the plant materials before the field experiment. The Gliricidia treatment released significantly more mineral N than the other plant materials in the incubation experiment. However, the tomato fruit yield was not enhanced in the Gliricidia treatment in the field experiment. The known quality parameters of the tested plant materials, such as total N, total carbon (C), C:N ratio, and total polyphenols, had minimal effects on their mineralization dynamics. Azadirachta showed the best synergistic effect with chicken manure through significantly increasing soil microbial biomass and fruit yield of tomato. This result provides insights into the possible adoption of Azadirachta in combination with chicken manure as a soil amendment in small-scale agricultural holdings. 相似文献
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Hiroyuki OKADA Kohtaro MIYAZAWA Shigeo FUKUDA Yoshifumi IWAMARU Morikazu IMAMURA Kentaro MASUJIN Yuichi MATSUURA Takashi FUJII Kei FUJII Soichi KAGEYAMA Miyako YOSHIOKA Yuichi MURAYAMA Takashi YOKOYAMA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2014,76(1):103-107
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水生生物型空心莲子草（Alternanthera philoxeroides）对环境因子的反应及与水稻的竞争 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确环境因子对水生生物型空心莲子草生活力的影响以及空心莲子草与水稻的竞争关系，采用生物测定方法，分析了低温、干燥、盐碱、水层等因子对空心莲子草茎的活棵率、繁殖茎数和植株生物量的影响，还研究了不同种群密度的空心莲子草对水稻产量性状的影响。 空心莲子草茎在4℃低温随后常温处理的活棵率达84%，而在-20℃随后常温处理后完全失去生活力；在含水量为30.2%时，空心莲子草茎的活棵率、繁殖茎数和植株鲜质量比鲜样（含水量93.5%）处理的分别下降了45%、33%和74%；0.1%盐碱水溶液处理就可使空心莲子草茎基本失去生活力；水生生物型空心莲子草茎在土壤湿润和不同水层条件下都能够成活和生长。在水稻100株/m2条件下，接种空心莲子草茎23~360株/m2使水稻减产43%~53%。 相似文献
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Yoshio KIKU Yuya NAGASAWA Kazue SUGAWARA Takahiro YABUSAKI Kazuyoshi OONO Kento FUJII Koji MAEHANA Tomohito HAYASHI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(11):1628
The accurate identification of mastitis‐causing bacteria assists in effective management by both dairy farmers and veterinarians and can be used to implement the selective use of antimicrobials for treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of our developed anti–ribosomal protein-L7/L12 antibody–coated immunochromatographic strip (ICS) test to detect coliforms in milk by comparing the results with the bacteriological culture method. We investigated the performance of the ICS test as compared with the bacteriological culture method using 308 milk samples from clinical bovine mastitis. First, to determine the optimal ICS test cutoff point for detecting coliform mastitis, we developed a receiver-operating characteristic curve. The result showed that the cutoff point was at 0.5 of our index. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value of the ICS test were 81.3%, 84.8%, 69.2%, and 91.54%, respectively. As the clinical signs increased in severity, the F-measure, a weighted harmonic mean of the sensitivity and overall PPV performance, increased. Because it is especially important to treat clinical mastitis appropriately in the early stages of detection, the ICS test, which can be used by both dairy farmers and veterinarians on dairy farms, is considered to be a useful tool for detecting coliform mastitis, which often presents with severe signs. 相似文献
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