Mutation of the SP1 gene is responsible for the small-panicle trait in the rice cultivar Tachisuzuka,but not necessarily for high sugar content in the stem     

Tatsuro Hirose  Sakurako Kadoya  Yoichi Hashida  Masaki Okamura  Ryu Ohsugi 《Plant Production Science》2017,20(1):90-94

Tachisuzuka, a rice cultivar grown for whole-crop silage, is characterized by the small-panicle trait and high-stem sugar content. To investigate the interrelationship between the two features, we attempted to identify the gene responsible for the small-panicle trait in Tachisuzuka, and also to examine the function of the gene using a knockout mutant line. A functionally disruptive deletion of the nucleotide sequence was found in the gene SP1 (Short-Panicle 1; Os11g0235200) in Tachisuzuka, which has been reported as a candidate gene for the small-panicle trait. A gene knockout mutant of SP1 obtained from the cultivar Nipponbare showed a small-panicle phenotype similar to that observed in Tachisuzuka. However, soluble sugar content in the stem did not increase in the knockout line, whereas starch content increased significantly. Overall, disruption of SP1 is responsible for the small-panicle phenotype of Tachisuzuka, but it is only partially associated with the high-stem sugar content.  相似文献   

Seasonal potential fishing ground prediction of neon flying squid (Ommastrephes bartramii) in the western and central North Pacific          下载免费PDF全文

Irene D. Alabia  Sei‐Ichi Saitoh  Robinson Mugo  Hiromichi Igarashi  Yoichi Ishikawa  Norihisa Usui  Masafumi Kamachi  Toshiyuki Awaji  Masaki Seito 《Fisheries Oceanography》2015,24(2):190-203

We explored the seasonal potential fishing grounds of neon flying squid (Ommastrephes bartramii) in the western and central North Pacific using maximum entropy (MaxEnt) models fitted with squid fishery data as response and environmental factors from remotely sensed [sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface height (SSH), eddy kinetic energy (EKE), wind stress curl (WSC) and numerical model‐derived sea surface salinity (SSS)] covariates. The potential squid fishing grounds from January–February (winter) and June–July (summer) 2001–2004 were simulated separately and covered the near‐coast (winter) and offshore (summer) forage areas off the Kuroshio–Oyashio transition and subarctic frontal zones. The oceanographic conditions differed between regions and were regulated by the inherent seasonal variability and prevailing basin dynamics. The seasonal and spatial extents of potential squid fishing grounds were largely explained by SST (7–17°C in the winter and 11–18°C in the summer) and SSS (33.8–34.8 in the winter and 33.7–34.3 in the summer). These ocean properties are water mass tracers and define the boundaries of the North Pacific hydrographic provinces. Mesoscale variability in the upper ocean inferred from SSH and EKE were also influential to squid potential fishing grounds and are presumably linked to the augmented primary productivity from nutrient enhancement and entrainment of passive plankton. WSC, however, has the least model contribution to squid potential fishing habitat relative to the other environmental factors examined. Findings of this work underpin the importance of SST and SSS as robust predictors of the seasonal squid potential fishing grounds in the western and central North Pacific and highlight MaxEnt's potential for operational fishery application.  相似文献   

Effect of wind stress on the catch of Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus off northwestern Kyushu, Japan     

Aigo Takeshige  Yoichi Miyake  Hideaki Nakata  Takashi Kitagawa  Shingo Kimura 《Fisheries Science》2013,79(6):989-998

Effect of wind stress on the annual catch of Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus off northwestern Kyushu for the period between 1963 and 2009 was investigated. Regime shift analysis detected several step changes in catch and environmental variables. Since the mid-1980s, the anchovy catch in the coastal fishery zones has declined, while the catch in the offshore zone has increased. The decline of catch in the coastal zones showed a significant correlation with the long-term variations in prevailing north-northeastward wind stress over the Goto-Nada Sea during spring spawning season. The results indicated that weakened north-northeastward winds caused the recent low recruitment of anchovy through low levels of wind-induced eggs and larval transport from the offshore spawning ground to the coastal nursery areas, resulting in the potential shift of nursery area to the northwestern offshore region. Thus, as well as the growth-favorable ambient temperature, transport process would play a key role on long-term fluctuations in anchovy abundance in these coastal seas.  相似文献   

The Effect of Light on the Accumulation of Lipids in Seeds     

Shunji Inanaga  Tatumi Yanagigawa  Yoichi Naka  Kayoko Yamanokuchi 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):845-852

To investigate the effects of light on the accumulation of lipids in seeds, fruits of both peanut and soybean plants were allowed to grow under different types of light conditions (natural, red, blue, green, or far-red light) and in darkness. Irradiation with each type of light from the 20th or 30th day, except for green light from the 30th day, resulted in lower dry weight of peanut seeds. The peanut seeds irradiated with natural, blue or far-red light from the 30th day onward contained a smaller amount of lipids, lower levels of triacylglycerides (TG), and higher levels of total sugar and diacylglycerides (DG), than the seeds grown in darkness. In the case of soybean seeds grown in darkness, the lipid content increased, but the total sugar and protein contents decreased. Exposure of soybean seeds to far-red light did not result in an increase in the lipid content. In vitro, ¹⁴C-glycerol-3-phosphate was converted to DG rather than to TG under irradiation with light compared with dark conditions. In contrast, the effect of light on the incorporation of ¹⁴C-oleoyl-CoA into TG was not appreciable. These findings suggest that the accumulation of lipid in the seeds of leguminous plants is depressed by light, with far-red light affecting most the accumulation of lipids, which may regulate the synthesis of TG via DG from glycerol-3-phosphate.  相似文献   

A new garlic growing system from bulbils through transplanting     

Yoshio Kajimura  Teruaki Sugiura  Katsuaki Suenaga  Yoichi Itakura  Takeomi Etoh 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(2):176-180

Summary

We have developed a new garlic growing system from bulbils through transplanting. By this system, extremely small seed bulbils produced bulbs as large as those from cloves of bulbs. In the new system, the bulbils harvested in summer and stored at 18–20°C in winter are grown from the following spring to summer in paper pots, and then transplanted to the field. In Hokkaido, northern Japan, July transplanting produced larger bulbs than August or September transplanting, and the bulbs produced were almost the same size as those of traditional growing methods. One bulbil weighed 75.3±5.6 mg and 84.2±5.4 mg in cv. Furano and a clone, No. 205, respectively, while one clove weighed 5–7g. A clone, H500, produced bulbs of 79.9±3.0.g although its original bulbil weighed only 15.4±0.8.mg. Moreover, this clone produced a great number of bulbils, 250–300, per plant.  相似文献   

Temporal variation of the molecular diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal communities in three different winter cover crop rotational systems     

Masao Higo  Katsunori Isobe  Takuya Kondo  Moe Yamaguchi  Saki Takeyama  Rhae A. Drijber  Yoichi Torigoe 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2015,51(1):21-32

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Environmental influences on late-summer individual Japanese eel diel activity and space utilization patterns in a shallow western Japan brackish lake     

Itakura  Hikaru  Miyake  Yoichi  Wakiya  Ryoshiro  Kimura  Shingo 《Fisheries Science》2022,88(1):29-43

The late-summer diel activity patterns and space utilization of five Japanese eels, Anguilla japonica, were investigated using an acoustic telemetry positioning system in a shallow brackish lake in western Japan. Eels were highly nocturnal and crepuscular, with 98.1% of positions detected between sunset and sunrise, and were more active during dusk and dawn compared with nighttime, and during full moons compared with other lunar periods. Most diurnal activity occurred during darker conditions, and two individuals extended their activity into the morning, suggesting that overcast skies reduced light intensity and prolonged nocturnal activity into daytime. Individual eels had different home-range patterns, but appeared to rest nearshore during the day, with space utilization expanding offshore at dusk and night, followed by returning to nearshore at dawn. Their home ranges and core activity areas were bordered by the shoreline, with eels tending to exhibit small activity spaces and strong site fidelity. This study provides valuable ecological knowledge about the individual behavior of eels inhabiting a small brackish lake at the northern limit of the natural distributional range of the species along the Sea of Japan, which can contribute to management and conservation of the species.

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Evaluation of the weathering intensity of wood-based panels under outdoor exposure     

Yoichi Kojima  Tomoya Shimoda  Shigehiko Suzuki 《Journal of Wood Science》2011,57(5):408-414

In this study, the deterioration of wood-based panels at eight sites in Japan was investigated using outdoor exposure tests. In particular, the modulus of rupture (MOR) retention and internal bond strength (IB) retention after 5-year exposures were compared among panels and sites. The deterioration of panels located in southern Japan was higher than that of panels in northern Japan. To quantify the regional differences, the deterioration rates were calculated; the values showed clear regional differences. The deterioration rate for areas that receive much rain in the summer was higher than the rates for other sites. To eliminate regional differences, we carried out an analysis in terms of the “weathering intensity,” a factor which combines weather conditions (precipitation and temperature). Panels for which deterioration progressed extensively during exposure periods showed a strong correlation between strength retention and the weathering intensity. The significance of these parameters is discussed.  相似文献   

Detection of Culicoides brevitarsis activity in Kyushu     

Yanase T  Hirata M  Matsumori Y  Matsumura M  Kato T  Shirafuji H  Yamakawa M  Hayama Y  Tsutsui T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(12):1649-1652

Culicoides brevitarsis transmits important ruminant arboviruses, such as Akabane, Aino and bluetongue viruses. The presence of this species has so far been recognized primarily in Okinawa, the southernmost prefecture of Japan. In entomological surveys in 2008 and 2009, C. brevitarsis was collected at 8 sites throughout Nagasaki, Kumamoto and Kagoshima Prefectures. The collection sites are all located near pastures, where the larvae of C. brevitarsis can grow in cattle dung left in the field. C. brevitarsis was confirmed at the same sites in two consecutive years, suggesting that it overwinters in Kyushu. Given the risk of arbovirus transmission, the ecology of C. brevitarsis in Japan, such as its distribution range, seasonal abundance and larval breeding sites, should be investigated in more detail.  相似文献   

Production of calcium maintenance factor Stanniocalcin-1 (STC1) by the equine endometrium during the early pregnant period     

Kikuchi M  Nakano Y  Nambo Y  Haneda S  Matsui M  Miyake Y  Macleod JN  Nagaoka K  Imakawa K 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2011,57(2):203-211

A factor responsible for progression to pregnancy establishment in the mare has not been definitively characterized. To identify factors possibly involved in the establishment of equine pregnancy, the endometrium was collected from day 13 (day 0=day of ovulation) cyclic and day 13, 19 and 25 pregnant animals. From initial subtractive hybridization studies, a calcium regulating factor, Stanniocalcin-1 (STC1) mRNA, was found as a candidate molecule expressed uniquely in the pregnant endometrium. Endometrial expression of STC1 mRNA was noted on day 19 and was markedly increased in the day 25 gravid endometrium. STC1 protein was found in the extracts of day 25 gravid endometrium and immunochemically localized in the uterine glands. In addition, STC1 protein was detected in uterine flushing media collected from day 25 pregnant mares. High concentrations of estradiol-17 β (E(2)) were detected in day 25 conceptuses. E(2) levels were much higher in the gravid endometrium than in other regions, whereas progesterone levels did not differ among the samples from different endometrial regions. Expression of STC1 mRNA, however, was not significantly upregulated in cultured endometrial explants treated with various concentrations of E(2) (0.01-100 ng/ml) with or without 10 ng/ml progesterone. These results indicate that an increase in STC1 expression appears to coincide with capsule disappearance in the conceptus, and suggest that STC1 from the uterine glands likely plays a role in conceptus development during the pregnancy establishment period in the mare.  相似文献