Effects of chitin and chitosan on collagen synthesis in wound healing   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

Kojima K  Okamoto Y  Kojima K  Miyatake K  Fujise H  Shigemasa Y  Minami S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(12):1595-1598

Collagen synthesis was evaluated by measuring prolyl hydroxylase (PHL) activity induced within rat granulation tissue by a polyester non-woven fabric (NWF, 1 x 1 cm, 0.6 mm in thickness) impregnated with a chitin or chitosan suspension ranging in concentration from 0.1 to 10 mg/ml. In addition, PHL activity induced in rat granulation tissue by a NWF impregnated with a phosphate buffer solution was examined as a control. The PHL activity in each group remained low until 4 days post-implantation (Day 4). However, in the 10 mg chitin group, the PHL activity increased rapidly without scatter of the data at Day 7 and remained at a plateau until Day 14. In other groups, PHL activity increased linearly until Day 14. The data varied widely at Day 7. Compared to chitosan, chitin at the higher concentration was found to induce stable collagen synthesis in the early wound healing process.  相似文献   

Aspergillus fumigatus infection in an ostrich (Struthio camelus)     

Yokota T  Shibahara T  Wada Y  Hiraki R  Ishikawa Y  Kadota K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(2):201-204

An 11-month-old female ostrich (Struthio camelus) had become gradually emaciated over a 2-week period and subsequently died. Necropsy revealed white to green mold growth on the walls of caseous thickened air sac membranes and multiple white necrotic foci in the lungs and liver. Histologically, the multiple exudative, necrotic and granulomatous lesions were compatible with mycotic infection in the air sacs and lungs, and hyphae positively reacted with a monoclonal antibody (Mab-WF-AF-1) to Aspergillus fumigatus wall fractions. Multifocal hepatic necrosis was also found, and several spores were observed in the blood vessels. Fungal culture of these lesions yielded pure growth of A. fumigatus. This is an established case of fatal A. fumigatus infection in an ostrich reared in Japan.  相似文献   

Effect of anti-ganglioside antibody in experimental Trypanosoma brucei infection in mice     

Tsujimura Y  Watarai S  Uemura A  Ohnishi Y  Kodama H 《Research in veterinary science》2005,78(3):245-247

The effect of antibody against ganglioside antigen on Trypanosoma brucei parasites was examined in vitro and in vivo using anti-ganglioside GM1 (AGM-1) monoclonal antibody. The antibody showed complement-dependent cytotoxicity against T. brucei with mouse complement. Furthermore, mice given AGM-1 were challenged intraperitoneally with T. brucei. Although all non-treated control mice died within six days after infection, all of AGM-1-injected mice had survived by six days post-infection. These data suggest that antibody against ganglioside antigen on T. brucei has potential in protection against T. brucei infection.  相似文献   

Development of vaccine strains of H5 and H7 influenza viruses   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Soda K  Sakoda Y  Isoda N  Kajihara M  Haraguchi Y  Shibuya H  Yoshida H  Sasaki T  Sakamoto R  Saijo K  Hagiwara J  Kida H 《The Japanese journal of veterinary research》2008,55(2-3):93-98

To establish vaccine strains of H5 and H7 influenza viruses, A/duck/Hokkaido/Vac-1/04 (H5N1) [Vac-1/04 (H5N1)], A/duck/Hokkaido/Vac-3/07 (H5N1) [Vac-3/07 (H5N1)], and A/duck/Hokkaido/ Vac-2/04 (H7N7) [Vac-2/04 (H7N7)] were generated from non-pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated from migratory ducks. Vac-1/04 (H5N1) and Vac-3/07 (H5N1) were generated by genetic reassortment between H5N2 or H5N3 virus as an HA gene provider and H7N1 or H6N1 viruses as an NA gene provider. Vac-2/04 (H7N7) was a genetic reassortant obtained using H7N7 and H9 N2 viruses to give high growth character of the H9N2 virus in chicken embryonated eggs. The results of sequence analyses and experimental infections revealed that these H5N1 and H7N7 reassortant viruses were non-pathogenic in chickens and embryos, and had good growth potential in embryonated eggs. These viruses should be useful to develop vaccines against H5 and H7 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses.  相似文献   

Pretreatment of macrophages with the combination of IFN-gamma and IL-12 induces resistance to Leishmania major at the early phase of infection     

Ota H  Takashima Y  Matsumoto Y  Hayashi Y  Matsumoto Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2008,70(6):589-593

Interferon (IFN)-gamma is essential but not sufficient to control leishmaniasis. It is known that IFN-gamma is one of the major macrophage-activating cytokines, and the activated macrophages are a principal source of interleukin (IL)-12, which induces autocrine macrophage activation. In this study, the combined effect of IFN-gamma and IL-12 on the susceptibility of macrophages to Leishmania major infection was evaluated. Macrophages pretreated with IFN-gamma and/or IL-12 were infected with the parasites. Four hr post-infection (p.i.), the levels of infection and parasite load in the macrophages treated with the combination of IFN-gamma and IL-12 (IFN-gamma/IL-12) were significantly lower than those in the nontreated cells. However, the macrophages treated with either IFN-gamma or IL-12 did not show resistance to L. major infection. In addition, 72 hr p.i., the IFN-gamma/IL-12-treated and IFN-gamma-treated macrophages showed significantly lower levels of infection and parasite load than the nontreated cells, and higher levels of resistance was observed in the IFN-gamma/IL-12-treated macrophages than in the IFN-gamma-treated macrophages. Although IFN-gamma/IL-12 treatment of macrophages prior to the infection led to the induction of resistance, as described above, this resistance was not induced when these cytokines and the parasites were added simultaneously to the macrophage culture. These results suggest that IFN-gamma/IL-12 treatment prior to the infection restricts the early phase of the infection.  相似文献   

Chemical deicer poisoning was suspected as a cause of the 2005-2006 wintertime mortality of small wild birds in Hokkaido     

Tanaka T  Tanoue G  Yamasaki M  Takashima I  Sakoda Y  Ochiai K  Umemura T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2008,70(6):607-610

Many small wild birds died in the 2005-2006 wintertime in Hokkaido. Thirteen birds were pathologically examined and it was attempted to detect West Nile and influenza viruses from their organs. Consecutive pathological changes were fresh hemorrhage and acute circulatory failure. Viral detections were negative. Selective occurrence in wintertime, literature review and the results of pathological and virological examinations suggested chemical deicer poisoning as the cause of wild bird death. Chicks treated orally with deicer showed acute death and their pathological changes were similar to those of the wild birds. Because the chicks showed significant elevation of plasma Na concentration, plasma electrolyte analysis of the affected wild birds might be crucial to confirm our tentative diagnosis.  相似文献   

Genetic Analyses of an H3N8 Influenza Virus Isolate, Causative Strain of the Outbreak of Equine Influenza at the Kanazawa Racecourse in Japan in 2007     

Ito M  Nagai M  Hayakawa Y  Komae H  Murakami N  Yotsuya S  Asakura S  Sakoda Y  Kida H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2008,70(9):899-906

In August 2007, an outbreak of equine influenza occurred among vaccinated racehorses with Japanese commercial equine influenza vaccine at Kanazawa Racecourse in Ishikawa prefecture in Japan. Apparent symptoms were pyrexia (38.2-41.0 degrees C) and nasal discharge with or without coughing, although approximately half of the infected horses were subclinical. All horses had been shot with a vaccine that contained two inactivated H3N8 influenza virus strains [A/equine/La Plata/93 (La Plata/93) of American lineage and A/equine/Avesta/93 (Avesta/93) of European lineage] and an H7N7 strain (A/equine/Newmarket/1/77). Influenza virus, A/equine/Kanazawa/1/2007 (H3N8) (Kanazawa/07), was isolated from one of the nasal swab samples of diseased horses. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Kanazawa/07 was classified into the American sublineage Florida. In addition, four amino acid substitutions were found in the antigenic sites B and E in the HA1 subunit protein of Kanazawa/07 in comparison with that of La Plata/93. Hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test using 16 serum samples from recovering horses revealed that 1.4- to 8-fold difference in titers between Kanazawa/07 and either of the vaccine strains. The present findings suggest that Japanese commercial inactivated vaccine contributed to reducing the morbidity rate and manifestation of the clinical signs of horses infected with Kanazawa/07 that may be antigenically different from the vaccine strains.  相似文献   

The effects of migration on the immunity of Black-Headed Gulls (Chroicocephalus ridibundus: Laridae)     

Nana USHINE  Osamu KURATA  Yoshikazu TANAKA  Tatsuo SATO  Yoshihiro KURAHASHI  Shin-ichi HAYAMA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2020,82(11):1619

In order to elucidate the relationship between migration period and immunity related to susceptibility, we conducted research on Black-headed gulls (Chroicocephalus ridibundus). We captured 260 gulls and collected their peripheral blood. Their leukocyte (WBC) count, percentages of heterophils (Het) and lymphocytes (Lym), heterophil and lymphocyte ratio (H/L ratio), and CD4 and CD8α expression levels (CD4 and CD8α, respectively) were quantitatively analyzed over three migration periods (Autumn migration, Wintering, Spring migration). In Adult gulls, WBC counts and CD4 levels significantly increased. Moreover, the Het and H/L ratio decreased from the Autumn migration to Wintering. Conversely, only WBC counts and CD4 levels measurements significantly decreased from Wintering to Spring migration (P<0.05). The tested parameters of the Tokyo-bay population show a greater significant difference than the measurements of immunity of the Mikawa-bay population. This study suggests that the migratory period has a negative effect on an aspect of the immune system. Including the period-difference in the immune systems in the local population, it is necessary to investigate the relationship between the ecology of migratory birds and their immunity.  相似文献   

Genetic Analysis of an H5N2 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Isolated from a Chicken in a Live Bird Market in Northern Vietnam in 2012     

Tatsuya NISHI  Masatoshi OKAMATSU  Kenji SAKURAI  Huy Duc CHU  Long Pham THANH  Long van NGUYEN  Nam van HOANG  Diep Nguyen THI  Yoshihiro SAKODA  Hiroshi KIDA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2014,76(1):85-87

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The potential for respiratory droplet-transmissible A/H5N1 influenza virus to evolve in a mammalian host     

Russell CA  Fonville JM  Brown AE  Burke DF  Smith DL  James SL  Herfst S  van Boheemen S  Linster M  Schrauwen EJ  Katzelnick L  Mosterín A  Kuiken T  Maher E  Neumann G  Osterhaus AD  Kawaoka Y  Fouchier RA  Smith DJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6088):1541-1547

Avian A/H5N1 influenza viruses pose a pandemic threat. As few as five amino acid substitutions, or four with reassortment, might be sufficient for mammal-to-mammal transmission through respiratory droplets. From surveillance data, we found that two of these substitutions are common in A/H5N1 viruses, and thus, some viruses might require only three additional substitutions to become transmissible via respiratory droplets between mammals. We used a mathematical model of within-host virus evolution to study factors that could increase and decrease the probability of the remaining substitutions evolving after the virus has infected a mammalian host. These factors, combined with the presence of some of these substitutions in circulating strains, make a virus evolving in nature a potentially serious threat. These results highlight critical areas in which more data are needed for assessing, and potentially averting, this threat.  相似文献