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191.
To expand the utilization of waste newspapers and lignin, activated carbon (AC) sheets, as an example of AC moldings, were prepared from those mixtures. The isolated lignins used were softwood and hardwood acetic acid lignins (SAL and HAL), softwood kraft lignin (KL), and wheat-straw lignin (WSL). The mixtures were molded into precursory sheets by thermal compression and then converted to AC sheets by carbonization and steam activation. The flexural strength of the precursory sheets was dramatically improved by additing the lignins compared to that of sheets without lignin. The strength of several sheets was more than 25 MPa. This suggested that lignins act as adhesives. SAL and HAL sheets with 40% newspaper were strengthened by the carbonization, whereas the strength of other lignin sheets was depressed. Finally, the AL-based AC sheets showed higher flexural strength (>6MPa) than others. Most of the AC sheets had adsorption ability comparable to that of commercially available AC powder and granules. The capacities were almost independent of paper content. Among the AC moldings tested, the AL-based AC sheets showed the fastest adsorption top-chlorophenol. Thus, viable AC moldings can be prepared from lignin-wastepaper mixtures, particularly SAL and HAL. 相似文献
192.
193.
Takashi KOZASA Yuri ABE Kazuya MITSUHASHI Tomokazu TAMURA Hiroshi AOKI Masatoshi ISHIMARU Shigeyuki NAKAMURA Masatoshi OKAMATSU Hiroshi KIDA Yoshihiro SAKODA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(5):511-518
The Exaltation of Newcastle disease virus (END) phenomenon is induced by the
inhibition of type I interferon in pestivirus-infected cells in vitro,
via proteasomal degradation of cellular interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-3 with the
property of the viral autoprotease protein Npro. Reportedly, the amino acid
residues in the zinc-binding TRASH motif of Npro determine the difference in
characteristics between END-phenomenon-positive (END+) and
END-phenomenon-negative (END−) classical swine fever viruses (CSFVs). However,
the basic mechanism underlying this function in bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) has not
been elucidated from the genomic differences between END+ and END−
viruses using reverse genetics till date. In the present study, comparison of complete
genome sequences of a pair of END+ and END− viruses isolated from
the same virus stock revealed that there were only four amino acid substitutions (D136G,
I2623V, D3148G and D3502Y) between two viruses. Based on these differences, viruses with
and without mutations at these positions were generated using reverse genetics. The END
assay, measurements of induced type I interferon and IRF-3 detection in cells infected
with these viruses revealed that the aspartic acid at position 136 in the zinc-binding
TRASH motif of Npro was required to inhibit the production of type I interferon
via the degradation of cellular IRF-3, consistently with CSFV. 相似文献
194.
Hidenori MATSUI Yasunori ISSHIKI Masahiro EGUCHI Yohsuke OGAWA Yoshihiro SHIMOJI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(2):181-186
We evaluated the protective efficacy of 94-kb virulence plasmid-cured, and phoP- or aroA-deficient strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ΔphoP or ΔaroA S. Typhimurium) as oral vaccine candidates in BALB/c mice. Two weeks after the completion of 3 oral immunizations with 1 × 108 colony-forming units (CFU) of virulence plasmid-cured, and ΔphoP or ΔaroA S. Typhimurium at 10-day intervals, S. Typhimurium lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-specific mucosal secretory immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) antibody titers were detected in the cecal homogenate, bile and lung lavage fluid, but not in the intestinal lavage fluid. In addition, the increases in S. Typhimurium LPS-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA antibody titers in the serum were also observed 2 weeks after completing 3 oral immunizations with virulence
plasmid-cured, and ΔphoP or ΔaroA S. Typhimurium. The series of 3 oral immunizations protected the mice against an oral challenge with 5 × 108 CFU of the virulent strain of S. Typhimurium, suggesting that both the virulence plasmid-cured, and ΔphoP and ΔaroA S. Typhimurium strains are promising candidates for safe and effective live S. Typhimurium vaccines. 相似文献
195.
Rie YOKOTA Kenshi SATO Yoshihiro WADA Yoshiharu ISHIKAWA Koichi KADOTA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(12):1697-1700
Immature T cell neoplasms in three young Holstein cattle with neoplastic involvement of
the thymus are described. Case 1, with a precursor T lymphoblastic leukemia (calf form of
leukosis), was an 86-day-old female calf. The leukemia was characterized by replacement of
the bone marrow and spleen by leukemia cells, but preservation of epithelial frameworks
throughout the thymus. The other two neoplasms were thymic γδ T cell lymphomas, which were
observed in a 246-day-old steer (case 2) and a 16-month-old heifer (case 3). Histological
examination revealed obliteration of the normal thymic architecture and stromal fibrosis,
with the spleen and liver far less severely affected than in case 1. There were
cytological differences bewteen the tumors in case 1 and cases 2 and 3. Additionally, WC1
and CD8 were expressed only in the latter. Thus, the leukemia and these lymphomas should
be regarded as independent disease entities on the basis of histological and
immunohistochemical characteristics. 相似文献
196.
Maeda Y Shibahara T Wada Y Kadota K Kanno T Uchida I Hatama S 《Veterinary microbiology》2007,121(3-4):242-248
Out of 700 heifers at a local farm in Hokkaido, the Northern island of Japan, 560 (80%) were found to have benign teat tumors. All of the analyzed tumors were macroscopically of the flat-and-round type, and no other types such as rice-grain or frond epithelial type were found. The lesions were characterized by epithelial hyperplasia, acanthosis and hyperkeratosis. Unlike in typical fibropapilloma, fibroplasia of the underlying dermis was not observed. Bovine papilloma virus (BPV) capsid antigen and virus particles were found in basophilic intranuclear inclusions of the stratum granulosum of the epidermis by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy, respectively. BPV-specific DNA was also detected in the lesions. By means of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing of the PCR products, the viruses causing this outbreak were identified mainly as BPV-6 (64%), partly as unclassified BPVs (14%) and their co-infections (21%). Our findings suggest that this outbreak of benign teat tumors was associated with several BPV types. 相似文献
197.
Fukui Y Iwayama H Matsuoka T Nagai H Koma N Mogoe T Ishikawa H Fujise Y Hirabayashi M Hochi S Kato H Ohsumi S 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2007,53(4):945-952
The present study was conducted during the Kushiro Coast Survey in an attempt to produce common minke whale embryos. In Experiment 1, we attempted to determine the appropriate culture duration (30 or 40 h) for in vitro maturation (IVM) of immature oocytes using the Well of the Well method. In Experiment 2, and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was applied to matured oocytes from prepubertal and adult common minke whales after IVM culture (40 or 48 h), and then their embryonic development was assessed. In Experiment 1, the maturation rate of oocytes cultured for 40 h (30.4%) was significantly higher than that of oocytes cultured for 30 h (6.8%; P<0.01). In Experiment 2, a total of 35 and 46 immature oocytes derived from adult (n=2) and prepubertal (n=6) minke whales, respectively, were cultured for 40 or 48 h. The maturation rate in the oocytes from the adult whales (34.2%) tended to be higher than that of the oocytes from the prepubertal whales (19.6%), but there was no significant difference. Following ICSI, 3 out of the 10 inseminated and cultured oocytes from the adult whales cleaved (2-, 8-, and 16-cell stages); all of these oocytes had been matured for 40 in culture. However, these oocytes did not develop to further stages. Only one of the 6 oocytes derived from the prepubertal whales, IVM cultured for 40 h and inseminated, developed to the 4-cell stage. The present results indicate that a 40 h IVM culture produces significantly higher rates of in vitro maturation than a 30 h IVM culture for common minke whale oocytes. Following ICSI, some oocytes cleaved to the 16-cell stage, but no further development was observed. 相似文献
198.
Kuwamura M Sawamoto O Yamate J Aoki M Ohnishi Y Kotani T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(5):531-533
A female adult bottlenose dolphin suddenly died at 17 days after the capture. Macroscopically, severe pulmonary congestive edema was found. Histopathology revealed many lungworms in the bronchioli and the worms were identified as Stenurus ovatus. Variously sized vessels proliferated around the lesioned bronchioli. Based on these findings, chronic bronchopneumonia due to the lungworm was diagnosed and vascular proliferation was similar to angiomatosis recently reported in Atlantic bottlenose dolphin. 相似文献
199.
Genta Yasunaga Luis A. Pastene Takeharu Bando Takashi Hakamada Yoshihiro Fujise 《Fisheries Science》2017,83(6):947-954
Counting of the growth layers in the earplugs is the most accepted technique for determining chronological age of Antarctic minke whales; however, unreadable growth layers form in some individuals, especially in young animals. In this study, aspartic acid racemization (AAR) technique was developed for estimating ages in this species with the aim of complementing the age estimated using earplugs. To validate the technique and to determine the specific coefficients for age estimation, the ratio of d and l-enantiomers of aspartic acid (Asp D/L) in lens of 18 whales and 20 fetuses were analyzed and compared with earplug-based age estimates. The equation for age estimation by AAR in this species was as follows: Loge{[1 + (Asp D/L)act]/[1 ? (Asp D/L)act]} = 2.30 × 10?3 × earplug age (year) + 0.0201 (p < 0.001, r 2 = 0.918). There is a strong correlation between the age estimates by AAR and earplugs. This study was successful in developing the AAR technique for the Antarctic minke whale, and the application of this technique can complement the age estimation of this species based on earplug readings, especially for young animals with unreadable earplugs. 相似文献
200.
Enkhbold BAZARRAGCHAA Takahiro HIONO Norikazu ISODA Hirotaka HAYASHI Masatoshi OKAMATSU Yoshihiro SAKODA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(11):1694
Sporadic spreads of swine-origin influenza H3N2 variant (H3N2v) viruses were reported in humans, resulting in 437 human infections between 2011 and 2021 in the USA. Thus, an effective vaccine is needed to better control a potential pandemic for these antigenically distinct viruses from seasonal influenza. In this study, a candidate vaccine strain with efficient growth capacity in chicken embryos was established through serial blind passaging of A/Indiana/08/2011 (H3N2)v in mice and chicken embryos. Seven amino acid substitutions (M21I in PA; A138T, N165K, and V226A in HA; S312L in NP; T167I in M1; G62A in NS1 proteins) were found in the passaged viruses without a major change in the antigenicity. This mouse- and egg-adapted virus was used as a vaccine and challenge strain in mice to evaluate the efficacy of the H3N2v vaccine in different doses. Antibodies with high neutralizing titers were induced in mice immunized with 100 µg of inactivated whole-virus particles, and those mice were significantly protected from the challenge of homologous strain. The findings indicated that the established strain in the study was useful for vaccine study in mouse models. 相似文献