β-1,3-D-Glucan Transported from Golgi Apparatus of Japanese Pear Leaves is a Component of Extracellular Polysaccharides Accumulated after AK-toxin I Treatment     

Tomoko SUZUKI  Takeshi SHINOGI  Kazutoshi UNNO  Yoshihiro NARUSAKA  Pyoyun PARK 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2002,68(4):267-276

This fluorescence and immunoelectron microscopic study showed that β-1,3-D-glucan accumulated only in leaves of a susceptible cultivar of Japanese pear after treatment with a host-specific toxin, AK-toxin I, from Alternate, alternata Japanese pear pathotype. The positive fluorescent reaction of callose was detected only in aniline blue fluorochrome-stained sections from toxin-treated leaves of the susceptible cultivar: positive sites were observed on cell walls of leaf cells. The sites of callose deposition were probably consistent spatially with modified sites on the plasma membrane that were observed only in the toxin-treated leaves of the susceptible cultivar. The toxin-induced modifications, identified as damage to the plasma membrane, were characterized by invagination of the plasmalemma specifically at plasmodesmata and as the concomitant accumulation of extracellular polysaccharides at the invaginated sites. A positive reaction to anti-β-1,3-D-glucan antibody was detected at the polysaccharides, Golgi vesicles, and trans-Golgi network (TGN) of toxin-treated leaves of the susceptible cultivar, but not at Golgi vesicles and TGN of water-treated ones. The cis-, medial and trans-Golgi stacks of toxin-treated leaves of the susceptible cultivar were negative for the antibody. The results showed that the polysaccharides, Golgi vesicles and TGN contained abundant β-1,3-D-glucan and that the glucan was transported from the Golgi apparatus via Golgi vesicles to the modified sites in cells of toxin-treated leaves of the susceptible cultivar. Received 7 March 2002/ Accepted in revised form 10 June 2002  相似文献   

Development of a pen-site test kit for the rapid diagnosis of H7 highly pathogenic avian influenza   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Manzoor R  Sakoda Y  Sakabe S  Mochizuki T  Namba Y  Tsuda Y  Kida H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2008,70(6):557-562

As well as H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV), H7 HPAIV strains have caused serious damages in poultry industries worldwide. Cases of bird-to-human transmission of H7 HPAIV have also been reported [11]. On the outbreak of avian influenza, rapid diagnosis is critical not only for the control of HPAI but also for human health. In the present study, a rapid diagnosis kit based on immunochromatography for the detection of H7 hemagglutinin (HA) antigen of influenza A virus was developed using 2 monoclonal antibodies that recognize different epitopes on the H7 HAs. The kit detected each of the tested 15 H7 influenza virus strains and did not react with influenza A viruses of the other subtypes than H7 or other avian viral and bacterial pathogens. The kit detected H7 HA antigen in the swabs and tissue homogenates of the chickens experimentally infected with HPAIV strain A/chicken/Netherlands/2586/03 (H7N7). The results indicate that the present kit is specific and sensitive enough for the diagnosis of HPAI caused by H7 viruses, thus, recommended for the field application as a pen-site test kit.  相似文献   

Precursor B-1 B cell lymphoma in a newborn calf.     

Shinji Yamamoto  Yoshihiro Wada  Yoshiharu Ishikawa  Koichi Kadota 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2007,19(4):447-450

A newborn Holstein female calf had neoplastic lesions in the skin and within the thoracic and abdominal cavities but not in the bone marrow, spleen, thymus, or most lymph nodes. Because the tumor cells were positive for CD79a (B cell marker), CD5 (B-1 cell marker) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (marker for immature lymphoid precursors), a diagnosis of precursor B-1 B cell lymphoma was made. The diagnosis was strongly supported by the fact that B-1 cells can develop in the fetus, unlike B-2 cells, which are produced after birth. The lymphoma was distinct from the typical calf form of lymphoma of B-2 cell origin, which does not express CD5 and is characterized by generalized lymphadenopathy and involvement of the bone marrow, blood and spleen.  相似文献   

Factors affecting the growth of in vitro cultured lateral buds from Phalaenopsis flower stalks     

Michio Tanaka  Yoshihiro Sakanishi 《Scientia Horticulturae》1978,8(2):169-178

Phalaenopsis flower-stalk buds cultured in vitro show 3 modes of growth: dormant, vegetative and reproductive. The effects of bud position on the stalk, temperature, and benzyladenine (BA) on the mode of bud growth were examined.Flower stalks were cut into 1-node sections, each with 1 bud, and inserted into solid culture medium, top side up. Buds on the upper sections had a tendency to remain dormant regardless of temperature. Sprouting buds placed at 20°C or 25°C showed reproductive growth except for some on the basal sections which grew vegetatively. At 28°C, all buds developed vegetatively independent of their original position on the stalk. The buds on the sections taken from both stalks which had elongated at min 18°C and min 28°C were subcultured; the mode of growth of the cultured buds was not affected by the temperature during flower-stalk elongation but was affected by the subsequent culture temperature.Cultured buds which had remained dormant were stimulated to sprout by addition of BA to the medium. At 5 p.p.m. and above, all buds began to develop, but malformations developed on the leaves of the shoots. All factors considered, BA at 2.5 p.p.m. was found to be the optimum level. The further development of the buds released from dormancy by BA was also affected by the position on the flower stalk and by cultural temperature.  相似文献   

Inhibition of acetate ester biosynthesis in banana (Musa sapientum L.) fruit pulp under anaerobic conditions     

Wendakoon SK  Ueda Y  Imahori Y  Ishimaru M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(6):1615-1620

The effect of anaerobic conditions on acetate ester biosynthesis in ripened banana pulp was investigated. Incubation of the pulp in less than 1% O(2) resulted in a significant reduction in the formation of ethyl acetate. Regardless of the presence of a large amount of endogenous ethanol and the remaining exogenous isobutyl alcohol after complete anaerobic incubation with the pulp, the production of acetate ester decreased. The effect of addition of pyruvate, isobutyl alcohol, acetate, and methyl hexanoate on acetate ester formation in 100% N(2) was also investigated. The addition of pyruvate and isobutyl alcohol to the pulp gave lower acetate esters in N(2) than in air, whereas the pulp incubated with acetate and isobutyl alcohol produced more acetate ester in both conditions. Therefore, the lack of acetyl CoA, or more precisely acetate, in the tissue is the main reason for the inhibition of acetate ester formation under anaerobic conditions. The activity of beta-oxidation measured by incubation with methyl hexanoate was detected only in the samples incubated in air. The formation of acetyl CoA, derived from pyruvate through mitochondria and through beta-oxidation, was inhibited by anaerobic conditions, which suggests that mitochondrial activity and/or beta-oxidation are essential for ester biosynthesis.  相似文献   

Geographical and functional-morphological variations of the skull in the gray-bellied squirrel     

Endo H  Kimura J  Oshida T  Stafford BJ  Rerkamnuaychoke W  Nishida T  Sasaki M  Hayashida A  Hayashi Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(3):277-282

The geographical variations of the skulls were osteometrically examined in the gray-bellied squirrel (Callosciurus caniceps) from the populations of Korat, Ranong, southernmost Thailand, and Terutau Island. The skull size was larger in northern population than in the southern population in the continental mainland. The zoogeographical influences of the Isthmus of Kra remained unclear, since the plots from Korat population were intermingled with those from southernmost Thailand population in the principal component charts. Although Korat population has been thought to belong to north group, we suggest that Ranong and southernmost Thailand populations may contain individuals from both north and south groups separated by the ancient Kra barrier. Terutau Island population was similar to southernmost Thailand population in skull size, although Terutau population has been isolated in the island and separated from the south group of the Isthmus of Kra. In the proportional analysis the interorbital space was narrower and the binocular sense has been well-developed in Terutau population. It suggests that this population has been highly adapted to arboreal behavior. In contrast, the skull with larger interorbital space was more adaptive for terrestrial life in Korat population. The canonical discriminant analysis could clearly separate the four populations in the scattergrams of discriminant scores.  相似文献   

Geographical variation of skull size and shape in various populations in the black giant squirrel     

Endo H  Kimura J  Oshida T  Stafford BJ  Rerkamnuaychoke W  Nishida T  Sasaki M  Hayashida A  Hayashi Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(10):1213-1218

We osteometrically examined the skulls of the black giant squirrel (Ratufa bicolor) from three mainland populations (M. Malayan Peninsula, V. South Vietnam, and B. Burma, India and North Thailand) and from two island populations (T. Tioman, and S. Sumatra Islands). The skull in the Malayan peninsula population was significantly smaller than that of the two other mainland populations. It is consistent with Bergmann's rule as shown in the gray-bellied squirrel. The two island populations did not show obvious differences in comparison with the Malayan population in many measurements. In the proportion analysis eliminating the size factor, the differences among populations were not easily confirmed and we concluded that the osteological characters peculiar to each population could not be shown in this species. The first and second principal component scores of M, S, and T populations were intermingled, whereas the V and B populations of V and B were not separated in the chart. We pointed out that the morphological differences were demonstrated between northern and southern groups of the Isthmus of Kra in the mainland populations, and that the two island populations did not show the island-isolation effect in comparison with the M population. The adaptational variation related to feeding and locomotion could not be confirmed among populations of the black giant squirrel as shown in the proportion analysis.  相似文献   

High level activity of 2', 5'-oligoadenylate synthetase in dog serum     

Iwata A  Yamamoto A  Fujino M  Sato I  Hosokawa-Kanai T  Tuchiya K  Ishihama A  Sokawa Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(6):721-724

Most animal cells that are exposed to interferon (IFN) experience an increase in the activity of 2', 5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS), which is an important effector of IFN's antiviral action. OAS activity has been widely used in clinical chemistry as an indicator of IFN activity. In this study, we found that OAS activity in canine serum is 46.0 +/- 40.4 nmol/dl/hr, which is 10- to 100-fold higher than in other animals such as the cat (1.9 +/- 2.1), rabbit (4.0 +/- 1.1), and guinea pig (0.3 +/- 0.6). The canine OAS protein was detected by Western blotting using a 68M-10 monoclonal anti-murine OAS antibody, and was found to be composed of at least three distinct molecular species of p40 class OAS. Among these, the 40 and 42 kDa components were determined to be the major species in serum and fibroblast cell lines, respectively.  相似文献   

Expression of Prnp mRNA (prion protein gene) in mouse spermatogenic cells     

Fujisawa M  Kanai Y  Nam SY  Maeda S  Nakamuta N  Kano K  Kurohmaru M  Hayashi Y 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2004,50(5):565-570

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AN EVALUATION OF A NEW RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE UTILIZING A CONCAVE TABLE     

Yoshihiro  Kishigami  DVM  Arata  Yoshizaki  DVM  Daisuke  Saito  DVM  Hirokazu  Seo  DVM 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2000,41(1):9-18

In conventional radiography systems, it is apparent that only the area immediately around the central x-ray beam can be evaluated accurately. Consequently in some instances, spinal radiography for example, several exposures are needed at various points along the body to create an accurate image for diagnosis. However, if the film and body part are in a concave shape such that the radius of the curve is equal to the film focal distance, the x-ray beam will penetrate the body and strike the film at two-dimensionally right angles in all areas. Using the spine as an example we found the curved technique had three major advantages over the traditional flat technique: lack of distortion, more uniform beam intensity due to a constant focal film distance, and improved resolution at the periphery of the radiograph because of lack of a cross over effect. It was concluded that an accurate evaluation of larger body parts can be made with minimal distortion utilizing the principles of a curved table technique.  相似文献