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61.
Yoshinori Miura Akira Watanabe Jun Murase Makoto Kimura 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):673-679
Abstract Oxidation of methane and total water soluble organic carbon (TOC) in the subsoil, which percolated from the plow layer, was investigated in a column experiment. The amounts of both methane and TOC in the leachate decreased by percolation in the subsoil. Fe2+ percolated from the plow layer was nearly completely retained in the subsoil. The decomposition of methane and TOC in the subsoil was considered to result in the coupling with the formation of Fe2+. Methane was estimated to contribute ca. 19–21% to the total amount of Fe2+ formed in the subsoil by the organic materials in the leachate. 相似文献
62.
Youli Yao Yoshinori Yamamoto Tetsushi Yoshida Youji Nitta Akira Miyazaki 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):631-641
The presence of large panicles enables to reach a sufficient number of surviving spikelets per unit area for further increase of rice yield. However, the response of differentiated and degenerated spikelets to environmental factors in terms of number in cultivars with large panicles has not been elucidated. By applying top-dressing at different rates and frequencies, shading, and day/night temperature treatments in pot experiments, we observed the response of the main stem in two cultivars with large panicles: Yangdao 4 (Chinese indica) and Akenohoshi (Japanese japonica-indica hybrid). The results showed that top-dressing increased the number of differentiated spikelets per panicle and decreased the percentage of degenerated spikelets. Consequently, the number of surviving spikelets per panicle increased. Shading increased the percentage of degenerated spikelets, resulting in the decrease of the number of surviving spikelets per panicle. Higher day/night temperature treatments led to a higher percentage of degenerated spikelets. The treatments affected mainly the spikelets on the secondary branches, while the number of spikelets on the primary branches did not change appreciably, irrespective of the presence of differentiated, degenerated, and surviving spikelets. The influence on the number of surviving spikelets per panicle depended on the number of differentiated spikelets. Shading effect on the percentage of degenerated spikelets also depended on the number of differentiated spikelets per panicle. The decrease of the percentage of degenerated spikelets was associated with the increase of the shoot dry weight (SDW) at heading and the ratio of SDW-differentiated spikelets. The SDW and N absorption at heading affected more significantly the number of surviving spikelets compared to the ratio of surviving spikelets-SDW and surviving spikelets-N, respectively. The above results were similar in Akenohoshi and Yangdao 4. In Akenohoshi, the percentage of degenerated spikelets responded much more conspicuously to the change of SDW or the ratio of SDW -differentiated spikelets than that in Yangdao 4. So did the number of surviving spikelets to SDW and N absorption at heading. Akenohoshi showed a higher ratio of surviving spikelets-N than Yangdao 4. These differences may account for the fact that Akenohoshi showed a larger number of surviving spikelets per panicle than Yangdao 4, even at the same levels of SDW and N absorption. 相似文献
63.
Matsuda Y Ikeda H Moriura N Tanaka N Shimizu K Oichi W Nonomura T Kakutani K Kusakari S Higashi K Toyoda H 《Phytopathology》2006,96(9):967-974
ABSTRACT In an attempt to physically protect greenhouse tomato plants from the powdery mildew fungus Oidium neolycopersici, we developed a new electrostatic spore precipitator in which a copper wire conductor is linked to an electrostatic generator and covered with a transparent acrylic cylinder (insulator). The conductor was negatively charged by the generator, and the electrostatic field created by the conductor was used to dielectrically polarize the insulator cylinder. The dielectrically polarized cylinder also produced an electrostatic force without a spark discharge. This force was directly proportional to the potential applied to the conductor and was used to attract conidia of the pathogen. The efficacy of this spore precipitator in protecting hydroponically cultured tomato plants from powdery mildew was evaluated in the greenhouse. The hydroponic culture troughs were covered with a cubic frame installed with the spore precipitator, and the disease progress on precipitator-guarded and unguarded seedlings was traced after the conidia were disseminated mechanically from inoculum on tomato plants. Seedlings in the guarded troughs remained uninfected during the entire experiment, in spite of rapid spread of the disease to all leaves of the unguarded seedlings. 相似文献
64.
Yoshinori MATSUDA Yuichiro IIDA Takeshi SHINOGI Koji KAKUTANI Teruo NONOMURA Hideyoshi TOYODA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2001,67(4):318-324
A chitosan-degrading bacterium, isolated from field soil that had been amended with chitin, was identified as Sphingobacterium multivorum KST-009 on the basis of its bacteriological characteristics. The extracellular chitosanase (SM1) secreted by KST-009 was a
34-kDa protein and could be purified through ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel permeation column chromatography and SDS
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A chitosanase gene (csnSM1) was isolated from genomic DNA of the bacteria, and the entire nucleotide sequence of the gene and the partial N-terminal
amino acid sequence of the purified SM1 were determined. The csnSM1 gene was found to encode 383 amino acids, 72 N-terminal amino acid residues were processed to produce the mature enzyme
during the secretion process. Germinated microconidia of four formae speciales (lycopersici, radicis-lycopersici, melonis, and fragariae ) of Fusarium oxysporum were treated with SM1. Chitosanase treatment caused morphological changes, such as swelling of hyphal cells or indistinctness
of hyphal cell tips and cessation or reduction of mycelial elongation.
Received 2 May 2001/ Accepted in revised form 21 June 2001 相似文献
65.
Occurrence of New Powdery Mildew on Greenhouse Tomato Cultivars 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Yoshinori MATSUDA Koichi KASHIMOTO Yoshihiro TAKIKAWA Rika AIKAMI Teruo NONOMURA Hideyoshi TOYODA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2001,67(4):294-298
During a year-round survey on the occurrence of powdery mildew on greenhouse-cultivated tomato plants, the disease was most
severe in June and July. All tomato plants (45 commercial cultivars and 11 breeding lines) tested were infected with the pathogen
but had different degrees of susceptibility. The pathogen was epiphytic and produced white, round pustules mainly on leaves
of tomato plants. The pathogen produced conidia singly on conidiophores and forked appressoria on inoculated tomato leaves
and seemed to be an Oidium sp. of Erysiphe polygoni type.
Received 18 December 2000/ Accepted in revised form 22 July 2001 相似文献
66.
Teruo NONOMURA Yoshinori MATSUDA Mikako TAKASUGI Takashi OOTANI Tomoya HASEGAWA Kazutomo MIYAJIMA Tetsuya HATASA Hideyoshi TOYODA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2001,67(4):273-280
Using melon seedlings at the cotyledon stage and genetically marked fungi, a system for monitoring pathogenic and nonpathogenic
Fusarium oxysporum was devised in the present study. Protoplasts were prepared from three formae speciales (melonis, radicis-lycopersici and fragariae )of F. oxysporum and transformed with a synthetic gene for green fluorescence protein. Transformants were primarily isolated in the presence
of hygromycin B and then screened by the emission of bright green fluorescence. Roots of melon seedlings were inoculated with
fluorescing microconidia of these fungi, and fungal infection behavior was traced. Using fluorescence microscopy, we directly
observed not only the fungus at the root surface, but also the mycelia elongating in the trachea of roots. Both pathogenic
and nonpathogenic fungi germinated and hyphae elongated superficially on the surface of root. Only pathogenic fungi caused
root necrosis at the inoculation site. Hyphae grew within the stem to induce constriction or cracking of lower hypocotyls,
then causing wilting of the seedlings. Infection behavior of genetically marked pathogenic and nonpathogenic F. oxysporum could be successfully monitored after inoculation of cotyledons of seedlings.
Received 6 June 2001/ Accepted in revised form 3 August 2001 相似文献
67.
Bacteriological evaluation of composted manure solids prepared from anaerobic digested slurry for hygienic recycled bedding materials for dairy cows
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Eiryu Okamoto Hiroki Miyanishi Akinobu Nakamura Tomoyuki Kobayashi Norihiko Kobayashi Yoshinori Terawaki Hajime Nagahata 《Animal Science Journal》2018,89(4):727-732
Changes in mastitis‐causing pathogens, pH and water content in composted manure solids (CMS) prepared from digested slurry were evaluated during turning at 2‐day intervals for 8 days (C1–C4). The numbers of streptococci, coagulase‐negative staphylococci and coliforms were 2.6 × 101, 1.7 × 102 and 1.0 × 101 colony‐forming units (cfu)/g in CMS (C4) (summer), and these counts were markedly lower (P < 0.05) than those in CMS (C0 and C1). The bacterial counts ranged from 101 to 1.7 × 102 cfu/g in CMS (C4) (summer) and were within approved levels, <1 × 106 cfu/g, indicating a minimal mastitis risk. The temperatures in CMS (C1–C4) increased to 63°C–74°C in summer and 67°C–70°C in winter. The mean pH values in CMS (C0–C4) were 9.2 in summer and 8.7 in winter, and water contents ranged from 61.7% to 69.6% in summer and 73.2% to 66.2% in winter. The significant decrease of pathogenic bacteria in CMS appears to be closely related to temperature >63°C for 8 days, pH 8.7–9.2, and water content 62% to 73%. This study demonstrates that prepared CMS has value as a recycled material with the potential to alleviate udder health issues in dairy cows. 相似文献
68.
The spectral data of a new triterpene, cucurbita-5,23-diene-3beta,25-diol, isolated from the seeds of Sicana odorifera, are reported. 相似文献
69.
Bird species diversity and bird species richness were surveyed in a natural mixed forest (mature forest) and in a coniferous
plantation (30–40 years old) monthly from 1990 to 1994. These forests were 20 km apart and had similar weather conditions
and soil types. There were larch and cedar plantations, and hardwoods along streams in the coniferous plantation. In the natural
mixed forest, 55 bird species were found, whereas 40 species were recorded in the coniferous plantation. The species diversity
of bird communities was significantly higher in the natural mixed forest than in the coniferous plantation mixed with hardwood
trees. This result indicates that the coniferous plantation mixed with hardwood trees, presumed to be a more simplified environment,
is likely to be less inhabitable for many bird species than the natural mixed forest, suggesting a relationship between the
diversity of the forest environment and the diversity of the bird community. A higher number of bird species was recorded
in the small coniferous forest mixed with hardwood trees compared with those in the coniferous plantation. The mixing of broad-leaved
trees in a coniferous plantation was suggested to be effective in increasing number of bird species. These tendencies were
recorded all through the year during our study. In snow-covering periods, both the diversity and the bird species richness
fell in all study sites every year. Snow cover would have greater effect on bird species diversity in the coniferous plantation
than in other forest types probably due to diet shortages caused by the snow cover over the forest floor. 相似文献
70.
Yoshinori Tokuoka Kentaro Ohigashi Koji Watanabe Hiroshi Yamaguchi Takahiro Ara Nobukazu Nakagoshi 《林业研究》2016,27(6):1287-1294
Natural forest recovery on abandoned farmland is hindered by a variety of factors and active restoration plays an important role when quick afforestation is desired. We investigated seedling survival of four transplanted native tree species (Quercus myrsinifolia, Quercus serrata, Aphananthe aspera, and Rhus sylvestris) by experimentally manipulating the vegetation cover, which was mainly dominated by dwarf bamboo (Pleioblastus chino), and herbivore access to the planting sites on farmland that had been abandoned for 15 years at the start of the study. Few transplanted seedlings of any species survived under intact vegetation cover, irrespective of herbivore presence. In gaps in the vegetation cover, winter browsing by Japanese hare (Lepus brachyurus) damaged all species. However, lower browsing frequency and higher resprouting ability after grazing of the seedlings enabled both Quercus species to survive better than the other species. These results indicate that dwarf bamboo and the hare jointly limit the establishment of native trees in old fields. If active afforestation by transplanting seedlings at sites dominated by dwarf bamboo is planned, a combination of vegetation removal, selection of suitable species, and temporary seedling protection will be most effective. 相似文献