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81.
为探讨餐厨垃圾堆肥对南方城郊菜田土壤氮素供应水平、叶菜类蔬菜产量及土壤残留和氮肥利用率的影响。以不施氮肥为对照(CK),在等氮量条件下,设置了传统化肥(NPK)、传统化肥+鸡粪(NPK+M)、餐厨好氧堆肥+化肥(NPK+FWA)、餐厨厌氧沼渣+化肥(NPK+FWD)4个处理,测定叶菜类蔬菜整个生育周期的土壤无机氮动态、产量、收获后剖面土壤氮素残留及表观氮素损失的变化。多茬试验结果表明:底肥施用后一周左右,NPK处理整体土壤无机氮供应水平高于NPK+M、NPK+FWA和NPK+FWD处理;追施氮肥后NPK+FWA处理土壤无机氮供应水平处于NPK和NPK+M两个处理之间,而NPK+FWD处理土壤无机氮略低于NPK和NPK+M处理;从总产量来看,NPK、NPK+M、NPK+FWA和NPK+FWD处理间无显著差异;而随着试验进行,与NPK+FWA和NPK+FWD处理相比,NPK和NPK+M处理产量明显增产20.1%~36.7%和17.8%~26.4%。从剖面土壤无机氮含量来看,餐厨垃圾堆肥部分替代化肥处理相比传统单施化肥和化肥配施鸡粪处理能够明显降低收获后表层土壤无机氮残留;从前四茬蔬菜总表观氮素损失来看,较高的氮肥投入带来了895.8~1041.2 kg/hm2的表观氮素损失量,各处理间无显著性差异;较高的氮肥投入及表观氮素损失导致小白菜季和空心菜季各处理当季氮肥利用效率分别仅有9.9%~16.7%和27.6%~37.6%。综上分析,在等氮量条件下,相比传统单施化肥和传统化肥配施鸡粪,餐厨垃圾堆肥氮替代30%化肥氮具有更好地协调土壤氮素供应和蔬菜作物吸收的作用,随着试验进行,餐厨垃圾堆肥部分替代化肥处理表现出增产趋势。但南方多雨地区餐厨垃圾堆肥还田具有较大的氮素损失风险,当季氮肥利用率偏低,今后需加强餐厨垃圾堆肥还田对土壤氮素综合损失的影响机制研究,并探索针对性的减排措施,为餐厨垃圾堆肥安全高效利用提供科学指导。 相似文献
82.
Soybean bacterial spot disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv.Glycinea which is a bacterial disease seriously affects soybean yield.Ten soybean germplasms and recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population were used to identify the resistant trait after inoculated with P.sg (P.sgneau001) in this study.High-density genetic mapping was obtained by specific length amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) of 149 RILs population which was derived from the crossing between Charleston and Dongnong594.The results indicated that 10 germplasm resources had four resistant germplasms included highly resistant cultivar Charleston,four susceptible varieties included Dongnong594 and two moderately resistant cultivars.Five quantitative trait locus (QTLs) were detected in RILs population by the composite interval mapping (CIM) method,and located on Linkage Group (LG) D1b (chromosome two),LG C2 (chromosome six) and LG H (chromosome 12),respectively.LOD scores ranged from 2.68 to 4.95 and the phenotypic variation percentage was from 6% to 11%.Six candidate genes were detected,according to the result of gene annotation information.Four of them had relationship with protein kinase activity,protein phosphorylation and leucine rich repeat (LRR) transmembrane protein,which had high expression after inoculated with P.sg by qRT-PCR. 相似文献
83.
Luo Zhen Su Keying Zhang Xuewu 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2020,75(4):583-591
Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - Currently, no specific drug and vaccine are available for the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, and nutritional supplementation should be helpful. This study tried to... 相似文献
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Xu Yunqiang Su Baolin Wang Hongqi He Jingyi Yang Yaxue 《Paddy and Water Environment》2020,18(2):385-398
Paddy and Water Environment - Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) runoff loads of paddy fields in situ under conventional water and fertilizer management measures caused severe water pollution in the... 相似文献
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Huanglongbing (HLB), associated with a non-culturable bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (CLas), is a highly destructive citrus disease with a long but poorly documented history in China. No effective treatment for HLB is available. The identification of new prophages in abundant CLas genomic sequence data provides new insights into both the diversity of CLas strains and HLB management. In this study, CLas populations from nine provinces were surveyed for the presence of prophage. Two major prophage typing groups (PTGs) were discovered to be associated with two different altitude regions: strains of CLas in PTG1 from high altitude regions (HAR) mainly contained prophage Type 1 only or Types 1 and 3, whereas strains of CLas in PTG2 from low altitude regions (LAR) mainly contained prophage Type 2. The discovery of these CLas population patterns provides evidence for independent origins of HLB in HAR and LAR. Guangdong province is the generally recognized domestic region of origin for HLB and is primarily responsible for the dissemination of HLB in LAR through transport of seedlings. Both Yunnan and Sichuan provinces are the probable regions of origin for HLB in HAR. PTG2 was further divided into two subgroups: PTG2-1, found in Guangdong, Fujian and Guangxi and PTG2-2, found in Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Hunan. These regions and prophage types are correlated with early and late introductions of HLB in LAR. These molecular analyses were supported by studying the history of the dissemination of HLB in historical documents. 相似文献
90.
青海省海东市不同等级降水和旱涝关系研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
青海省海东市是青海省重要的粮食生产基地,干旱直接影响着农业的有序发展。利用1961—2015年青海省海东市5个气象站逐日降水资料,笔者分析各级雨量和雨日及Z指数的变化趋势,并研究各级雨量和雨日对旱涝的影响。结果表明:(1)夏(冬)半年降水以小雨(雪)和中雨(雪)为主;夏半年小雨和大到暴雨(中雨)的雨量及雨日呈减小(增加)趋势,冬半年各级雨量及雨日均呈减小趋势;(2)夏、冬半年Z指数均表现为不显著的减小趋势;(3)采用偏相关系数和相对贡献率分析,夏半年中雨和大到暴雨雨量及雨日对Z指数有显著的影响,冬半年小雪的雨量和雨日对Z指数变化影响最大;(4)采用合成分析法的标准化值,在偏涝年,各级雨量和雨日基本都为正值,夏半年差异主要表现在大到暴雨和中雨雨量和雨日,而冬半年差异主要表现在小雪雨量和雨日;在偏旱年,各级降水雨量和雨日基本都为负值,夏半年差异主要表现在中雨雨量和雨日,冬半年差异主要表现在小雪和中雪雨量和雨日。 相似文献