Growth,nutrient utilization,oxidative condition,and element composition of juvenile red sea bream <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pagrus major</Emphasis> fed with fermented soybean meal and scallop by-product blend as fishmeal replacement     

Md. Abdul Kader  Shunsuke Koshio  Manabu Ishikawa  Saichiro Yokoyama  Mahbuba Bulbul  Yuki Honda  Roger Edward Mamauag  Asda Laining 《Fisheries Science》2011,77(1):119-128

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of fermented soybean meal and scallop by-product blend (3:2) (FP) on the performance of juvenile red sea bream. Five isocaloric diets were prepared by replacing 0% (FP0), 15% (FP15), 30% (FP30), 45% (FP45), and 60% (FP60) fishmeal (FM) protein with FP, respectively. Triplicate groups of fish (initial mean weight 2.83 g) were fed the test diets for 45 days in a flowthrough seawater system. The results demonstrated that growth rates of fish fed FP0, FP15, and FP30 were similar, and significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of FP45 and FP60. Nutrient utilization was significantly lower in FP60, with no differences found among the other groups. Dietary heavy-metal contents were affected by inclusion of FP, impacting on whole-body heavy-metal contents. In terms of oxidative stress, fish fed the FP30 diet were in the best condition, since this fish group showed the least oxidative-stressed condition as well as the highest tolerance against oxidation. In conclusion, the approach of utilizing this fermented mixture is promising and it could replace at least 30% FM protein in red sea bream diet without negative effects on performance, body composition or health of fish.  相似文献   

Comparison of morphological and DNA-based techniques for stomach content analyses in juvenile chum salmon <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oncorhynchus keta</Emphasis>: a case study on diet richness of juvenile fishes     

Sakiko Orui Sakaguchi  Shigeru Shimamura  Yuichi Shimizu  Gen Ogawa  Yuichiro Yamada  Keiko Shimizu  Hiroaki Kasai  Hiroshi Kitazato  Yoshihiro Fujiwara  Katsunori Fujikura  Kiyotaka Takishita 《Fisheries Science》2017,83(1):47-56

To identify the stomach contents of marine organisms, morphological observations are commonly conducted. However, the results obtained by this traditional method are frequently biased, as it is difficult to detect partially digested, soft-bodied organisms. To resolve this, recent studies have used DNA-based (DNA barcoding) analyses to examine the diet breadth of marine organisms. Here, we compared the prey richness of juvenile fishes using morphological observations and DNA-based analyses, with a focus on juvenile chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta. A higher number of prey taxa were successfully identified using DNA-based analyses than morphological observations. However, we also noticed several shortcomings of the DNA-based analyses, as reported in other diet-analysis studies that used molecular techniques. For example, the degree of digestion among prey taxa might have resulted in differential sensitivity to DNA detection. Additionally, several prey taxa could not be precisely identified, as the sequence data for some of the targeted organismal groups are unavailable in public gene databases. Remarkably, it is also possible that DNA-based analyses detected secondary prey, and therefore, the richness of prey taxa was likely overestimated. Thus, dietary analyses of juvenile fishes need to be carefully conducted, considering the respective advantages and disadvantages of DNA-based and morphological techniques.  相似文献   

Swimming depths of the giant jellyfish <Emphasis Type="Italic">Nemopilema nomurai</Emphasis> investigated using pop-up archival transmitting tags and ultrasonic pingers     

Naoto Honda  Toshihiro Watanabe  Yoshiki Matsushita 《Fisheries Science》2009,75(4):947-956

The swimming depths of 12 individual Nemopilema nomurai with bell diameters of 0.8–1.6 m were investigated using pop-up archival transmitting tags and ultrasonic pingers, and the validity of the research method was evaluated. The N. nomurai studied frequently showed vertical movement, with the swimming depth ranging from 0 to 176 m, The mean swimming depths of most individuals were less than 40 m. The swimming depths of N. nomurai in the northern Japan Sea in the winter were mostly deeper than those of this species in the southern Japan Sea in the autumn. This result suggests that the range of the depths almost depends on the vertical structure of the ocean. Swimming depths during the nighttime were significantly deeper than those during the daytime. More specifically, during the daytime, the swimming depths in the afternoon tended to be shallower than those in the morning, while during the nighttime, the swimming depths after midnight were deeper than those before midnight.  相似文献   

Quantifying growth in maricultured corals using photogrammetry          下载免费PDF全文

Yuichi Preslie Kikuzawa  Tai Chong Toh  Chin Soon Lionel Ng  Shu Qin Sam  Daisuke Taira  Lutfi Afiq‐Rosli  Loke Ming Chou 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(6):2249-2255

In coral mariculture, growth is one of the most common ways to track success. However, numerous methods of monitoring coral growth make comparative studies challenging. A literature review of 39 studies from 1982 to 2017 indicated that the most predominant non‐invasive methods used were linear and areal measurement and these were evaluated for their accuracy using nursery‐reared corals. The monthly change in linear and areal growth rates of six coral species (n = 215), Pocillopora acuta, Hydnophora rigida, Merulina ampliata, Podabacia crustacea, Echinopora lamellosa and Platygyra sinensis were measured via photogrammetry. We tested whether the planar area of coral colonies can be estimated using three geometric formulas of linear measurements. Based on the literature review, the six types of measurement methods were namely linear, volume, weight, area, count of polyps/branches and calcification, in decreasing order of application. Our results showed that the change in area calculated by geometric mean diameter (GMD) formulas provided the most accurate estimation among the three formulas and was strongly correlated with planar area (R² ≥ .60; p < .05) for all coral species, except E. lamellosa and Pl. sinensis. However, our findings suggest that it is not ideal to use geometric formulas to estimate the change in area. Instead, we posit that areal photogrammetry represents the simplest yet accurate non‐invasive method for rapid monitoring of extensive areas of corals in situ. Lastly, we discuss the recommendations and limitations for areal photogrammetry.  相似文献   

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudomonas syringae</Emphasis> pv. <Emphasis Type="Italic">alliifistulosi</Emphasis> pv. nov., the causal agent of bacterial leaf spot of onions     

Mizue Tsuji  Yuichi Takikawa 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2018,84(5):343-358

In 1972, bacterial leaf spot of onion (BLSO) was first recorded in Japan by Goto. The pathogen was considered as a pathovar of Pseudomonas syringae specifically causing disease on onion and Welsh onion, but it has not been taxonomically investigated in detail. In 2012 and 2014, a disease suspected as BLSO re-emerged on onion in Shizuoka and Hyogo Prefectures, Japan, respectively. A pathogenic bacterium isolated from the infected onions was thought to be the BLSO agent after preliminary examinations. Strains isolated from BLSO in 1969, 1986, 1987, 2012 and 2014 were characterized and compared with the causal agent of bacterial blight of leek (P. syringae pv. porri), which causes similar symptoms on Allium plants. The result of rep-PCR distinguished the BLSO agent from P. syringae pv. porri. Multilocus sequence analysis on housekeeping genes and hrp genes encoding the type-III secretion system revealed that the strains of the BLSO agent clustered independently of P. syringae pv. porri. The BLSO agent and P. syringae pv. porri also differed in utilization of erythritol, dl-homoserine, glutaric acid and other bacteriological characteristics and caused different reactions on onion, Welsh onions, chives, shallot, rakkyo, leek, garlic and Chinese chive. Thus, the BLSO agent clearly differs from P. syringae pv. porri and is considered to be a new pathovar of P. syringae. The name P. syringae pv. alliifistulosi is proposed with pathotype strain ICMP3414.  相似文献   

Ontogenetic changes of feeding habits of larval jack mackerel <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trachurus japonicus</Emphasis> in the Kuroshio frontal area of the southern East China Sea     

Yuuichi Hirota  Hitoshi Honda  Hideo Sakaji  Shinji Uehara  Tadafumi Ichikawa 《Fisheries Science》2016,82(4):573-583

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The locus for resistance to Asian soybean rust in PI 587855          下载免费PDF全文

Naoki Yamanaka  Mio Morishita  Tomomi Mori  Yukie Muraki  Midori Hasegawa  Md. Motaher Hossain  Yuichi Yamaoka  Masayasu Kato 《Plant Breeding》2016,135(5):621-626

Asian soybean rust (ASR) caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi is one of the most serious soybean (Glycine max) diseases in tropical and subtropical areas. A soybean line, PI 587855, showed a resistance phenotype against ASR pathogens in Japan and South America at high frequency; however, little is known of the genetic control of this resistance and chromosomal location of the corresponding locus. Therefore, the aim of this study was to study the inheritance of PI 587855 resistance and map the corresponding locus with SSR markers aiming to use the linked markers in marker‐assisted selection. In the segregating population, resistance to ASR appeared to be controlled by a single dominant gene. The ASR resistance locus was mapped near to the chromosomal region where the resistant loci, Rpp1 and Rpp1‐b, were previously mapped. Comparative genetic mapping and disease reaction profiles of other seven lines carrying Rpp1 or Rpp1‐b to four Brazilian ASR isolates revealed that the resistance reaction exhibited by PI 587855 was similar to that of Rpp1‐b‐carrying varieties which have useful resistance to South American ASR strains.  相似文献   

Recent outbreaks of rust diseases and the importance of basic biological research for controlling rusts     

Yuichi Yamaoka 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2014,80(5):375-388

Rust fungi are obligate plant parasites belonging to the order Pucciniales; they comprise about 7,800 species throughout the world. Some species seriously damage crops, vegetables, fruits and trees. Of these species, wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici), Asian soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) and myrtle rust (Puccinia psidii) have recently become major concerns worldwide, and this review, discusses recent rust disease outbreaks of Asian soybean rust and myrtle rust. Both rusts have very wide host ranges. Asian soybean rust has spread from its original region of distribution (eastern Asia) to many areas of soybean cultivation around the world. Myrtle rust is a new disease in areas where host plants were first introduced and has spread to other parts of the world including the areas where the host plants are indigenous. New diseases of economically important plants can occur by host shifts from wild host plants or host jumps from phylogenetically unrelated plant species. Recent advances in molecular phylogenetic studies have contributed to a revision of rust taxonomy. Molecular phylogenetic analyses, together with precise morphological observations and inoculation experiments, have identified taxonomic groups among populations that are morphologically very similar. Systematic, ecological and other basic biological studies of rust fungi in both cultivated and wild host plants are very important for developing methods to control rust diseases. Recent changes in the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature will surely affect the systematics of rust fungi.  相似文献   

Phylogenetic study of Japanese Dickeya spp. and development of new rapid identification methods using PCR–RFLP     

Radix Suharjo  Hiroyuki Sawada  Yuichi Takikawa 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2014,80(3):237-254

Forty-one representative Japanese Dickeya spp. (Erwinia chrysanthemi) strains isolated from 24 plants in Japan were investigated using multilocus sequence analysis of recA, dnaX, rpoD, gyrB and 16S rDNA; PCR–RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) of recA, rpoD and gyrB genes; PCR genomic fingerprinting; and biochemical tests. Based on the recA, dnaX, rpoD, gyrB and 16S rDNA sequences and PCR genomic fingerprinting, the strains were essentially divided into six groups (I–VI). Group I corresponded to D. chrysanthemi, group II corresponded to D. dadantii, group III to D. dianthicola and group IV to D. zeae. Meanwhile, group V and group VI could not be assigned to any existing Dickeya species, and they were deduced to be two putative new species. The PCR–RFLP analysis of gyrB, rpoD and recA clearly differentiated the six groups of Dickeya strains. From the results of the biochemical tests, the strains were assigned to biovars 1, 3, 5, 8 and 9; only one strain (SUPP 2525) was not assignable to the existing biovars. We also showed that the PCR–RFLP analysis of rpoD, gyrB and recA can be used as a rapid technique to identify Japanese Dickeya strains.  相似文献   

东苕溪中下游内河航运对鱼类群落的影响     

黄亮亮  李建华  鹿野雄一  佐藤辰郎  吴志强 《水生态学杂志》2013,34(5):30-37

通过野外现场调查,研究东苕溪中下游内河航运对鱼类多样性的影响。逐步回归分析结果显示,水体的浊度与船舶航运频率呈显著正相关;浊度与8种小型鱼类－彩鱊（Acheilognathus imberbis）、越南鱊（Acheilognathus tonkinensis）、方氏鳑鲏（Rhodeus fangi）、中华鳑鲏（Rhodeus sinensis）、高体鳑鲏（Rhodeus ocellatus）、餐（Hemiculter eucisculus）、食蚊鱼（Gambusia affinis）、子陵吻虾虎鱼（Rhinogobius giurinus）个体数呈显著负相关性（P<0.05）;浊度与6种个体略大的鱼类－翘嘴鲌（Culter alburnus）、红鳍鲌（Chanodichthys thropterus）、油餐Hemiculter lucidus）、鲫（Carassius auratus）、麦穗鱼（Pseudorasbora parva）和间下鱵（Hyporhamphus intermedius）个体数负相关,但无显著性差异（P>0.05）。广义线性模型显示,物种丰度和Shannon Wiener多样性指数与水体浊度及人工护岸呈显著负相关;物种个体数与水体浊度、人工护岸结构及水深呈显著负相关（P<0.05）。浊度与鱼类体重关系的回归模型显示,浊度与平均体重和最小体重呈显著正相关（P<0.05）,而浊度与最大体重无显著相关性（P>0.05）。研究表明,东苕溪中下游的内河航运可导致水体浊度增大,进而危害鱼类,其中对小型鱼类或幼鱼的危害更大。  相似文献