Boiled muscle extracts obtained from yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata and bastard halibut Paralichthys olivaceus were treated with two kinds of purified enzymes (acid phosphatase and glutamate decarboxylase), and the change in contents
of nucleotides, related compounds, and free amino acids was examined. The change in taste qualities was also investigated
by a taste test. The enzyme treatment resulted in a marked decrease in the contents of such umami substances as inosine 5′-monophosphate
(IMP) and glutamic acid (Glu). The taste test revealed that the treatment of these fish muscle extracts with both or either
of the enzymes caused a sharp decrease in umami intensity and also an increase in sourness but not a change in pH. The treatment
also effected marked decreases in thickness and overall taste intensity. These findings suggest that IMP and Glu function
not only to intensify the thickness and overall taste as well as the umami, but also to repress the sourness sensation elicited
by the fish muscle extracts. 相似文献
An algorithm for the automatic recognition of Fuji apples on the tree was developed for a robotic harvesting system. The machine vision system was composed of a colour charge coupled device camera to capture apple images, and a personal computer to process images for recognising and locating the fruit. The fruit image was enhanced using the red colour difference because results showed that the fruit had the highest red colour difference among the objects in the image. The intensity histogram of the enhanced image had a bimodal distribution for the fruit portion and the background portion. The maximum grey level variance of the red colour difference between the fruit and the background determined the optimal threshold. The optimal threshold had the minimum probability between the peaks of the two distributions. Results of the segmentation using the optimal threshold showed a success rate of over 88%. However, the error rate was over 18% for images with the back lighting condition. 相似文献
The horizontal and vertical movements of eight immature hatchery-reared (F2) Mekong giant catfish Pangasianodon gigas were monitored using acoustic telemetry in the Mae Peum reservoir, Thailand, from September to December 2005. All tagged
fish were successfully monitored throughout the study period. All fish moved throughout the reservoir for approximately 1 month
after release. Subsequently, their utilized areas became small, and the fish utilized deep areas of the reservoir. The fish
displayed diel spatial movement patterns between deep areas in the day and shallow areas in the night. The vertical movements
of the fish were related to the environment declination such as existence of hypoxic water and thermocline. Our results suggest
that the establishment of a protected area in addition to conventional fisheries regulations may sustain the fish population
in this reservoir. 相似文献
The placenta of the Korean water deer was anatomically examined to accumulate basic information regarding its reproductive system. The convex placentomes with five to nine well-developed pedicles were observed in the whole uterine horns, and therefore, the placenta was classified as oligocotyledonary. The evidence indicating the migration of binucleate cells (BNCs) from trophectoderm to the uterine epithelium led to the histological classification of the placenta as synepitheliochorial. The number of fetuses was markedly higher than that in other ruminant species. However, the number of placentomes was found to be similar to the other Cervidae species. Therefore, these results suggest that the Korean water deer may possess special mechanisms or structures at the fetus attachment site to maintain this unusally high number of fetuses. 相似文献
To reveal the effects of herbicide selection on genetic diversity in the outcrossing weed species Schoenoplectus juncoides, six sulfonylurea‐resistant (SU‐R) and eight sulfonylurea‐susceptible (SU‐S) populations were analysed using 40 polymorphic inter‐simple sequence repeat loci. The plants were collected from three widely separated regions: the Tohoku, Kanto and Kyushu districts of Japan. Genetic diversity values (Nei's gene diversity, h) within each SU‐S population ranged from h =0.125 to h = 0.235. The average genetic diversity within the SU‐S populations was HS = 0.161, and the total genetic diversity was HT = 0.271. Although the HS of the SU‐R populations (0.051) was lower than that of the SU‐S populations, the HT of the SU‐R populations (0.202) was comparable with that of the SU‐S populations. Most of the genetic variation was found within the region for both the SU‐S and SU‐R populations (88% of the genetic variation respectively). Two of the SU‐R populations showed relatively high genetic diversity (h =0.117 and 0.161), which were comparable with those of the SU‐S populations. In contrast, the genetic diversity within four SU‐R populations was much lower (from h = 0 to 0.018) than in the SU‐S populations. The results suggest that selection by sulfonylurea herbicides has decreased genetic diversity within some SU‐R populations of S. juncoides. The different level of genetic diversity in the SU‐R populations is most likely due to different levels of inbreeding in the populations. 相似文献
Atmospheric carbonyl sulfide (COS) mixing ratios measured over 24 h during five summer campaigns (2003–2007) in a forest at
the foot of Mt. Fuji, Japan (35°21′ N, 138°43′ E; 1,300 m above sea level, a.s.l.) and at the summit (3,776 m a.s.l.) were
compared. COS levels were lower at the foot than at the summit during four out of five summer campaigns. The ratios of COS
mixing ratios at the foot of Mt. Fuji to those at the summit ranged from 0.7 to 0.9. These results provide evidence of biological
consumption of COS in the East Asian atmospheric boundary layer. We also measured the vertical profile of ambient COS below
the forest canopy. These data showed a clear gradient of COS mixing ratio: in the lowermost 1 m of the boundary layer, COS
mixing ratios decreased markedly downward. Two of the different kinds of vertical distribution of COS presented here support
the role of soil as a sink of atmospheric COS described by previous research using dynamic enclosure experiments. 相似文献
Aluminium (AI) enhances ferrous ion (Fe2+) -mediated lipid per oxidation which is the primary factor leading to cell death in nutrient medium in tobacco cells. Under these conditions, cell death processes were examined. Cells which had been treated with AI and Fe2+ together exhibited cell shrinkage and DNA ladders which were detected by agarose-gel electrophoresis in the form of bands corresponding to increasing multiples of ~150 bp fragments. In the calcium (Ca)-free medium, a combination of Al and Fe2+ enhanced only partly the per oxidation of lipids and hardly promoted cell death, indicating that Ca2+ further stimulates the per oxidation of lipids enhanced by a combination of Al and Fe2+ and is required for cell death. N-Tosyl-L-phenylalanylchloromethyl ketone, an inhibitor of some cysteine and serine proteinases, had no effect on the per oxidation of lipids but almost completely blocked cell death enhanced by a combination of AI and Fe2+, suggesting that proteinase acts downstream from the per oxidation of lipids. On the basis of these findings, we conclude that cell death initiated by a combination of Al and Fe2+ is involved in the apoptosislike cell death program mediated by extracellular Ca2+ and endogenous proteinase. 相似文献
To investigate the preventive effects of tea on hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, male C57BL/6J mice were given a high-fat diet containing 29% lard and also green or black tea ad libitum for 14 weeks. Both teas suppressed body weight gain and deposition of white adipose tissue caused by the diet. In addition, they improved hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance by stimulating glucose uptake activity accompanied by the translocation of glucose transporter (GLUT) 4 to the plasma membrane in muscle. Long-term consumption of the high-fat diet reduced levels of insulin receptor β-subunit, GLUT4 and AMP-activated protein kinase α in muscle, and green and black tea suppressed these decreases. The results strongly suggest that green and black tea suppress high-fat diet-evoked hyperglycemia and insulin resistance by retaining the level of GLUT4 and increasing the level of GLUT4 on the plasma membrane in muscle. 相似文献
Unprecedented large-scale algal blooms were observed during autumn 2021 around the Katsurakoi fishing port, Kushiro, eastern Hokkaido, Japan. Monitoring of shoreline water showed that chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentrations and the cell density of Karenia spp., dominated by Karenia selliformis, repeatedly increased synchronously between September and November 2021. These increases were associated with a southerly wind-driven current, which transported offshore water on the shelf towards the shoreline at the sea surface. The blooms were prolonged as a result of algal accumulation in the semi-closed fishing port. The maximum Chl a concentration and cell density exceeded 50 µg Chl a/L and 104 cells/mL, respectively. During the autumn bloom of Karenia spp., the nitrate?+?nitrite and phosphate concentrations in the water were lower than those in 2019 and 2020, and the silicate concentration was comparable. The ammonium concentration during the bloom was notably higher than before the bloom period, reaching 15 µM. Mass mortality of several fish species and echinoderms that were cultured using rearing water intake from the same shoreline occurred synchronously with the increase in Karenia spp.
This study aimed to evaluate innate immune responses of mammary glands induced by intramammary infusion of Bifidobacterium breve in dairy cows. Somatic cell counts in quarters of cows showed a marked increase following B. breve infusion on days 1 and 2. Opsonized-stimulated chemiluminescence response in quarter milk was significantly (P<0.05) increased by B. breve infusion on days 1 to 3 compared to that of pre-infusion. Lactoferrin concentrations in B. breve-infused quarter milk increased significantly (P<0.05) on days 2 to 4 and 6 compared to those of pre-infusion. IgG and IgA concentrations in B. breve-infused quarters significantly (P<0.05) increased on days 2 to 4 for IgG and days 3, 4, 6 and 8 for IgA compared to those of pre-infusion. Interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-8 mRNA levels in somatic cells from B. breve-infused quarters were significantly (P<0.05) upregulated on day 1 compared to those on days 0 and 14. Conversely, IL-6 mRNA levels in somatic cells from B. breve-infused quarters on days 0, 1 and 14 and NF-κB mRNA levels on day 0 were significantly (P<0.05) down-regulated compared to those of control. IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-6 concentrations increased on days 1, 3 and 7 after B. breve infusion in quarters. Intramammary infusion of B. breve (3 × 109 cfu) induces a massive influx of leukocytes and enhances innate immune response in mammary glands. This event may contribute to the enhancing host defense in the mammary gland. 相似文献