Syntheses of poly(l-lactide)-block-xylan butyrate-block-poly(l-lactide) triblock copolymers and their properties     

Yukiko Enomoto-Rogers  Tadahisa Iwata 《Journal of Wood Science》2013,59(6):489-498

Di-hydroxyl-terminated xylan butyrate (XylBu) with two hydroxyl end groups at opposite ends of the polymer was prepared by acid hydrolysis of XylBu. l-Lactide was polymerized on to the hydroxyl groups at both ends of XylBu, by ring opening. Structural characterization of the polymerization products was carried out using GPC and NMR analyses. It was confirmed that the polymerization products were mixtures of a poly(l-lactide) (PLLA)-b-XylBu-b-poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) triblock copolymer and PLLA homopolymer. Crystallization behaviors of the polymerization products were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry measurements and polarizing optical microscopy observation to investigate the effects of the triblock copolymer on crystallization of PLLA components.  相似文献   

Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma with a Sarcomatoid Growth Pattern and Signet-Ring-Like Structure in a Female F344 Rat     

Aya Ohnuma-Koyama  Toshinori Yoshida  Naofumi Takahashi  Satoshi Akema  Yukiko Takeuchi-Kashimoto  Maki Kuwahara  Mika Nagaike  Kosei Inui  Nobuaki Nakashima  Takanori Harada 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2013,26(2):197-201

We report a biphasic malignant mesothelioma in an aged female F344/DuCrlCrlj rat. Macroscopically, multiple pale brown nodules were observed in the abdominal cavity with retention of bloody ascites. Histopathologically, the tumor cells spread over the peritoneum and formed masses on the surface and underlying adipose tissues. The tumor cells dominantly proliferated in a solid, nodular or nest-like pattern with modest amount of fibrillar connective tissues, which contained hyaluronan. The tumor consisted of ovoid, polygonal or spindle-shaped cells that possessed eosinophilic cytoplasms including glycogen; some tumor cells showed a signet-ring-like structure. Multinucleated cells and mitosis were found frequently, and direct invasion to intra-abdominal organs and intravascular metastasis to the liver were observed. Immunohistochemically, keratin and mesothelin were strongly positive in most of tumor cells, while vimentin was mainly positive in spindle-shaped cells. Podoplanin was also positive, particularly in the cell membrane of tumor cells. Electron microscopically, tumor cells showed an intercellular desmosome-like structure, basement membrane and microvillus. We diagnosed the case as a malignant peritoneal mesothelioma with a sarcomatoid growth pattern and signet-ring-like structure.  相似文献   

Detection of Bovine Group A Rotavirus Using Rapid Antigen Detection Kits, RT-PCR and Next-Generation DNA Sequencing     

Fujiko MINAMI-FUKUDA  Makoto NAGAI  Hikaru TAKAI  Toshiaki MURAKAMI  Tadashi OZAWA  Shinobu TSUCHIAKA  Sachiko OKAZAKI  Yukie KATAYAMA  Mami OBA  Naomi NISHIURA  Yukiko SASSA  Tsutomu OMATSU  Tetsuya FURUYA  Satoshi KOYAMA  Junsuke SHIRAI  Hiroshi TSUNEMITSU  Yoshiki FUJII  Kazuhiko KATAYAMA  Tetsuya MIZUTANI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2013,75(12):1651-1655

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Three‐dimensional visualization of green fluorescence protein‐labelled Edwardsiella tarda in whole Medaka larvae          下载免费PDF全文

C Kataoka  H Tomiyama  S Kashiwada 《Journal of fish diseases》2017,40(4):479-484

The invasive fish pathogen Edwardsiella tarda is common in aquatic environments and causes the environmentally and economically destructive emphysematous putrefactive disease called edwardsiellosis. In order to understand the organism's infection pathway, medaka larvae (Oryzias latipes) were immersion‐infected with E. tarda labelled with green fluorescence protein (GFP) and then visualized in three dimensions under confocal laser microscopy and light‐sheet fluorescence microscopy. Confocal microscopy revealed GFP‐labelled E. tarda in the mouth, head, gill bridges, gill cover, skin, membrane fin, gastrointestinal tract and air bladder, and in the caudal vein, somite veins, caudal artery and caudal capillaries. Light‐sheet microscopy additionally showed GFP‐labelled E. tarda in the pharyngeal cavity, muscle of the pectoral fin and cardiac atrium and ventricle. These findings suggest that during its infection of fish, E. tarda initially adheres to, and invades, the epithelial cells of the skin, gills and gastrointestinal tract (through the pharyngeal cavity); E. tarda then enters the blood vessels to access organs, including the air bladder and heart.  相似文献   

MytiLec,a Mussel R-Type Lectin,Interacts with Surface Glycan Gb3 on Burkitt’s Lymphoma Cells to Trigger Apoptosis through Multiple Pathways     

Imtiaj Hasan  Shigeki Sugawara  Yuki Fujii  Yasuhiro Koide  Daiki Terada  Naoya Iimura  Toshiyuki Fujiwara  Keisuke G. Takahashi  Nobuhiko Kojima  Sultana Rajia  Sarkar M. A. Kawsar  Robert A. Kanaly  Hideho Uchiyama  Masahiro Hosono  Yukiko Ogawa  Hideaki Fujita  Jiharu Hamako  Taei Matsui  Yasuhiro Ozeki 《Marine drugs》2015,13(12):7377-7389

MytiLec; a novel lectin isolated from the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis); shows strong binding affinity to globotriose (Gb3: Galα1-4Galβ1-4Glc). MytiLec revealed β-trefoil folding as also found in the ricin B-subunit type (R-type) lectin family, although the amino acid sequences were quite different. Classification of R-type lectin family members therefore needs to be based on conformation as well as on primary structure. MytiLec specifically killed Burkitt''s lymphoma Ramos cells, which express Gb3. Fluorescein-labeling assay revealed that MytiLec was incorporated inside the cells. MytiLec treatment of Ramos cells resulted in activation of both classical MAPK/ extracellular signal-regulated kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK-ERK) and stress-activated (p38 kinase and JNK) Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathways. In the cells, MytiLec treatment triggered expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (a ligand of death receptor-dependent apoptosis) and activation of mitochondria-controlling caspase-9 (initiator caspase) and caspase-3 (activator caspase). Experiments using the specific MEK inhibitor U0126 showed that MytiLec-induced phosphorylation of the MEK-ERK pathway up-regulated expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21, leading to cell cycle arrest and TNF-α production. Activation of caspase-3 by MytiLec appeared to be regulated by multiple different pathways. Our findings, taken together, indicate that the novel R-type lectin MytiLec initiates programmed cell death of Burkitt’s lymphoma cells through multiple pathways (MAPK cascade, death receptor signaling; caspase activation) based on interaction of the lectin with Gb3-containing glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains on the cell surface.  相似文献   

Overwintering of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Taphrina wiesneri</Emphasis> within cherry shoots monitored with species-specific PCR     

Masabumi Komatsu  Machiko Taniguchi  Norihisa Matsushita  Yukiko Takahashi  Taizo Hogetsu 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2010,76(6):363-369

Taphrina wiesneri, the pathogen of witches’ broom of cherry, is highly pathogenic to Cerasus × yedoensis, the most widely planted ornamental cherry species in Japan. For adequate control of this disease, it is necessary to understand the life history of T. wiesneri. However, sites inhabited by T. wiesneri within infected trees are little understood, except during flowering and leafing periods in spring. Therefore, we attempted to detect the location of T. wiesneri in shoots of witches’ broom before flowering and leafing in spring using PCR with a T. wiesneri-specific primer pair that was designed from 69 sequences in rDNA-internal transcribed spacer region of 32 Taphrina species. DNA extracted from symptomatic and asymptomatic C. × yedoensis sampled before leafing was amplified by PCR. T. wiesneri was detected in every bud and 5-mm stem segment of symptomatic shoots, except for one stem segment, and locally inside buds and the inner bark of stem segments. These results indicate that T. wiesneri overwinters inside symptomatic shoots. Fungal hyphae were observed with an epifluorescence microscope in intercellular spaces of young leaves in symptomatic buds but not in asymptomatic ones in thin sections stained with fluorescein-isothiocyanate-conjugated concanavalin A. This observation supports the results of PCR detection.  相似文献   

Inhibition of capsular protein synthesis of Pasteurella multocida strain P-1059     

Sthitmatee N  Kataoka Y  Sawada T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(11):1445-1451

A mutant strain, PBA322, was constructed by electroporation of a phagemid containing the coding region of antisense RNA of the ompH gene, encoding 39 kDa capsular protein or OmpH, into the parental strain P-1059 (serovar A:3) of Pasteurella multocida, and the pathogenicity was determined in mice and chickens. Grayish colonies of the mutant, indicating loss of capsule synthesis, were observed under a stereomicroscope using obliquely transmitted light, while iridescent colonies were observed for the parental strain. Moreover, strain PBA322 showed a low amount of OmpH compared with the parental strain on SDS-PAGE. Additionally, the capsule of strain PBA322 was thinner than that of the parental strain according to electron microscopy, correlating to the attenuation against chickens. In conclusion, strain PBA322, the mutant of P. multocida strain P-1059, was completely attenuated for chickens.  相似文献   

In vitro development and postvitrification survival of cloned feline embryos derived from preadipocytes     

Tomii R  Ogawa B  Imai N  Handa Y  Sasayama N  Shirasu A  Nagashima H 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2011,57(2):273-279

The aim of the present study was to optimize the conditions for in vitro development and postvitrification survival of somatic cell cloned feline embryos. To determine the effects of cell cycle synchronization of the nuclear donor cells, we cultured preadipocytes under serum starvation or conventional conditions. After two days in serum starvation culture, the proportion of synchronized donor cells at the G0/G1 phase was 91.6%. This was significantly higher than the proportion of non-synchronized cells in the proliferative phase (72.6%, P<0.05). The in vitro development of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos reconstructed using donor cells treated under serum starvation conditions (normal cleavage rate of 65.7%, 46/70, and blastocyst formation rate of 20.0%, 14/70) was comparable to that of the serum supplemented group (52.5%, 31/59, and 20.3%, 12/59). Use of in vitro or in vivo matured oocytes as recipient cytoplasts equally supported development of the SCNT embryos to the blastocyst stage (11.9%, 5/42, vs. 9.5%, 2/21). SCNT-derived blastocysts were vitrified using the original minimum volume cooling (MVC) or the modified (stepwise) MVC method. Although none (n=10) of the SCNT blastocysts survived following vitrification by the original MVC method, the stepwise MVC method resulted in 100% survival after rewarming (n=11). In conclusion, we demonstrated that feline somatic cell cloned embryos with a high developmental ability can be produced irrespective of cell cycle synchronization of donor cells using either in vivo or in vitro matured oocytes. Furthermore, by utilizing a stepwise vitrification method, we showed that it is possible to cryopreserve cloned feline blastocysts.  相似文献   

Oestradiol enhances plasma growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I concentrations and increased the expression of their receptors mRNAs in the liver of ovariectomized cows     

Colak M  Shimizu T  Matsunaga N  Murayama C  Nagashima S  Kataoka M  Kawashima C  Matsui M  van Dorland HA  Bruckmaier RM  Miyamoto A 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2011,46(5):854-861

Many metabolic hormones, growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and insulin affect ovarian functions. However, whether ovarian steroid hormones affect metabolic hormones in cattle remains unknown. This study aimed to determine the effect of sex steroids on the plasma profiles of GH, IGF-I and insulin and their receptors in the liver and adipose tissues of dairy cows. Ovariectomized cows (n = 14) were randomly divided into four groups: control group (n = 3) was treated with saline on Day 0; oestradiol (E2) group (n = 3), with saline and 1 mg oestradiol benzoate (EB) on Day 0 and 5, respectively; progesterone (P4) group (n = 4) with two CIDRs (Pfizer Inc., Tokyo, Japan) from Day 0; and E2 + P4 group (n = 4) with two CIDRs on Day 0 that were removed on Day 6 and were immediately injected with 1 mg EB. The animals were euthanized after the experiment, and liver and adipose tissues samples were quantitatively analysed using real-time PCR for the expression of mRNA for the GH (GHR), IGF-I (IGFR-I) and insulin (IR) receptor mRNAs. Oestradiol benzoate significantly increased the number of peaks (p < 0.05), pulse amplitude (p < 0.05) and area under the curve (AUC; p < 0.01) for plasma GH; moreover, it increased plasma IGF-I concentration (p < 0.05), but it had no effect on the plasma insulin profile. P4 significantly decreased the AUC (p < 0.01), compared with the control group, whereas it did not affect the number of peaks and the amplitude of GH pulses. P4 + E2 did not affect the GH pulse profile. E2 increased the mRNA expression of GHR, IGFR-I and IR in the liver (p < 0.05), whereas both P4 and E2 + P4 did not change their expressions. Our results provide evidence that the metabolic and reproductive endocrine axes may regulate each other to ensure optimal reproductive and metabolic function.  相似文献   

Establishment of a quantitative ELISA for the measurement of allergen-specific IgE in dogs using anti-IgE antibody cross-reactive to mouse and dog IgE     

Okayama T  Matsuno Y  Yasuda N  Tsukui T  Suzuta Y  Koyanagi M  Sakaguchi M  Ishii Y  Olivry T  Masuda K 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2011,139(2-4):99-106

As IgE plays a pivotal role in type I hypersensitivity-mediated allergic diseases, it is valuable to measure absolute quantity of serum antigen-specific IgE for clinical and research purposes. Here we describe a novel ELISA system that enables quantification of antigen-specific IgE in ng/ml in dogs. A newly developed monoclonal antibody (CRE-DM) was shown to recognize canine and mouse IgE equally in a dose dependent manner, but it did not recognize canine IgG. The reactivity of CRE-DM to canine IgE was also confirmed by an inhibition ELISA using canine IgE as an inhibitor and the maximum inhibition rate was 91.3%. In order to know whether canine IgE specific to an allergen could be quantitatively measured with an ELISA using CRE-DM, we established a quantitative ELISA that could measure canine IgE recognizing Cry j 1, one of the major allergens of Japanese cedar pollen. In this ELISA, a standard curve was created by using concentration-predetermined Cry j 1-specific monoclonal mouse IgE. According to the standard curve, the concentration of Cry j 1-specific IgE in dogs that were experimentally sensitized to Japanese cedar pollen could be calculated and determined in ng/ml. The specificity of the Cry j 1-specific IgE ELISA using CRE-DM was also confirmed by inhibition ELISA using canine IgE as an inhibitor and the inhibition rate was 97.0%. Reproducibility of the ELISA in three independent assays was determined using groups of pooled canine sera whose Cry j 1-IgE titers ranged from 155.9 to 888.2 ng/ml. Intra- and inter-assay reproducibility was determined with coefficient of variation ranging between 3.1-5.2% and 2.2-8.0%, respectively. These results demonstrated that the ELISA utilizing CRE-DM was a specific, reliable and robust new laboratory test that could quantify absolute amount of antigen-specific IgE in canine serum. The ELISA will serve as a useful tool in the clinics to evaluate the change of serum IgE titers during anti-allergic treatments as well as during seasonal fluctuation of allergen exposure.  相似文献