Role of Cylindrosporium-type conidia of Mycosphaerella pomi (Pass.) Lindau: cause of Brooks fruit spot of apple, as an infection source in apple orchards     

Shigemitsu Arai  Takashi Fujita  Yukio Harada 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2005,71(5):357-359

Ascospores of Mycosphaerella pomi, the pathogen of Brooks fruit spot of apple, were produced in pseudothecia on previously infected and overwintered apple leaves from late April through early August in Aomori Prefecture, Japan. In June 2003, the ascospores were germinating and producing Cylindrosporium-type conidia on apple fruit and leaf surfaces in an orchard. After ascospores were sprayed on apple leaves, Cylindrosporium-type conidia developed on the leaf surfaces. Such Cylindrosporium-type conidia caused typical symptoms of Brooks fruit spot on apple trees after inoculations. These results suggested that the Cylindrosporium-type conidia also serve as an infection source, in addition to the ascospores, for Brooks fruit spot in apple orchards.  相似文献   

Frequency of Alternaria brassicicola in commercial cabbage seeds in Japan     

Masaharu Kubota  Kazuo Abiko  Yukio Yanagisawa  Kazufumi Nishi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2006,72(4):197-204

Plug seedlings, widely used in cabbage cultivation in Japan, are often infected by seed-borne pathogens, especially the serious pathogen Alternaria brassicicola. Because information on seed infestation is scant in Japan, we investigated fungal infestation in commercial batches of cabbage seeds produced between 1984 and 2001. A total of 123 lots were divided into six groups by production period (1984–1989, 1994–1998, and 2001) and by use or nonuse of fungicide. One hundred seeds from each lot were incubated separately on agar at 25°C to isolate the predominant fungus. Alternaria brassicicola was isolated most frequently, 0%–94% of the seeds depending on seed lot or 6%–21% of the seeds grouped by production period and fungicide treatment. Thus, the pathogen was isolated even from seeds refrigerated for 17 years. Alternaria brassicicola accounted for 57%–95% of all isolated fungi by the group and was higher on older or fungicide-treated seeds. Seeds that were not treated with fungicide in lots grouped by production districts in western Japan were infested with A. brassicicola at a rate of over 12%, higher than that in the eastern region (<4%). Infestation was higher in the warmer areas of Japan. Eighty-five isolates, other than A. brassicicola, produced spots on cabbage cotyledons, although they were not isolated as frequently: less than 5% of seeds by group separated by production period and fungicide treatment. Most of these isolates were Alternaria alternata. This is the first report on the frequency of fungal infestation of commercial cabbage seeds in Japan.  相似文献   

Extraction of an incisor embedded within the nasal cavity in two guinea pigs     

Nobuhide KIDO  Kaori ONO  Tomoko OMIYA  Yukio OGUCHI  Moemi SETOGAWA  Yuuki MACHIDA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(12):1651-1653

Oral examination of two guinea pigs revealed that the unilateral incisor was absent. On radiographic examination, the incisor was identified within the nasal cavity in both patients. Under anesthesia in both patients, the skin was incised from the nostril to 1.5 cm proximal, and the premaxilla and part of the maxilla were exposed. The bone was removed using a surgical drill, and the incisor was exposed in the nasal cavity. The root was grasped with forceps and carefully extracted as it was degraded and very fragile. Diagnosis was easy using oral and radiographic examination. In guinea pig patients where an incisor is absent on oral examination, this condition should be considered.  相似文献   

Expression of porcine FSHbeta subunit promoter-driven herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene in transgenic rats     

Cai LY  Kato T  Ito K  Nakayama M  Susa T  Aikawa S  Maeda K  Tsukamura H  Ohta A  Izumi S  Kato Y 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2007,53(2):201-209

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Fecal progestagen and estrone during pregnancy in a giraffe: a case report     

Isobe N  Nakao T  Shimada M  Fukumoto Y  Watanabe H  Minami S  Noda A  Yoshimura Y 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2007,53(1):159-164

The present study was carried out to measure fecal progestagen and estrone concentrations during pregnancy in a giraffe and examine the possibility of utilizing this assay system for pregnancy diagnosis. Fecal samples were collected from a giraffe during her third and fourth parities and mixed with methanol to prepare a fecal solution. Diluted fecal solution was used for direct enzyme immunoassay for progestagen and estrone. The newborn calf from the third parity was viable, although that from the fourth parity died 5 days after calving. In the third parity, the giraffe's progestagen and estrone concentrations increased transiently from days 30 to 120 of pregnancy. Then, they decreased and remained low until day 330. This was followed by a drastic rise in both concentrations as parturition approached. Parturition caused a reduction in the progestagen and estrone concentrations of the feces. In the fourth parity, the progestagen concentration increased gradually after mating until day 320. This was followed by a reduction in the concentration until parturition. However, the estrone concentration fluctuated, and the duration and extent of the prepartum rise in concentration were shorter and lower than those of the third parity. The hormone dynamics of the third parity suggest the possibility of early pregnancy diagnosis by measuring progestagen or estrone between days 30 and 120 after mating.  相似文献   

A neonatal calf with concurrent meningoencephalitis by Enterobacter cloacae and enteritis by attaching and effacing Escherichia coli (O128)     

Seimiya YM  Murakami M  Takahashi M  Sasaki K  Miyazaki H  Kawashima K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(4):445-448

A neonatal calf developed nervous symptoms followed by diarrhea. The principal pathological changes were fibrinopurulent meningitis with necrosis of the cerebral parenchyma, and attaching and effacing lesions in the intestine. Cerebral necrosis was frequently associated with vascular changes. Enterobacter cloacae was isolated from the brain and Escherichia coli (O128) from the intestinal content. These suggest that cerebral and intestinal lesions were caused by the isolated organisms, and that most necrosis of the cerebral parenchyma might be infarctive.  相似文献   

Steric structure–activity relationships of the rice blasticide,S-2900 (diclocymet)     

Akio Manabe  Masayuki Enomoto  Yoshimi Yamada  Yukio Oguri  Mitsuru Sasaki 《Pest management science》1999,55(6):649-650

The four diastereomers of 2-cyano-N-[1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-3,3-dimethyl-butyramide were prepared by a direct HPLC separation with chiral columns. The [(S)acid, (R)amine]-isomer (was the most antifungal among the diastereomers tested. Because of the lability of the clinical group in the acid moiety, the (RS)-(R)-isomer is being developed as a rice blasticide. (S-2900, proposed common name diclocymet).  相似文献   

Dimethoxypyrimidines as Novel Herbicides. Part 1. Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity of Dimethoxyphenoxyphenoxypyrimidines and Analogues     

Yukio Nezu  Masahiro Miyazaki  Kazuhiko Sugiyama  Ikuo Kajiwara 《Pest management science》1996,47(2):103-113

A number of 6-(4-phenoxyphenoxy)pyrimidines and triazines were synthesized and their herbicidal activity was measured. Compounds with the methoxy groups at the 2- and 4-positions on the pyrimidine and triazine rings exhibited high herbicidal activity. Introduction of a substituent into the 5-position of the pyrimidine ring diminished the activity. In the phenoxyphenoxy substructure at the 6-position, the central ether bond can be replaced by a methylene group without loss of activity. The optimum substituent on the terminal phenyl ring was 3-trifluoromethyl. The compounds showed a strong Hill reaction inhibition, but unfortunately showed poor selectivity between weeds and crops.  相似文献   

Stable isotope analysis reveals ontogenetic migration and the importance of a large mangrove estuary as a feeding ground for juvenile John’s snapper <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lutjanus johnii</Emphasis>     

Katsuhisa Tanaka  Yukio Hanamura  Ving Ching Chong  Satoshi Watanabe  Alias Man  Faizul Mohd Kassim  Masashi Kodama  Tadafumi Ichikawa 《Fisheries Science》2011,77(5):809-816

Stable carbon (δ¹³C) and nitrogen (δ¹⁵N) isotope ratios were measured to investigate the migration of John’s snapper Lutjanus johnii and its dependence on the food resources provided within the large Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve (40,151 ha), Malaysia. John’s snapper, and its main prey food such as penaeids, Acetes shrimps and mysids, showed generally depleted δ¹³C values in the inner mangrove area but more enriched values in the river mouth and coastal area. Some juveniles migrated into the inner mangrove areas, although they were also distributed near the river mouth areas. Isotopic signatures of snapper fish and prey reveal the ontogenetic migration of the youngest juvenile fish (<5 cm in total length) from the coastal area into the mangrove area, shifting their dependence from the coastal food web to the inner mangrove food web with their growth. The study shows the importance of the complex interconnected mangrove waterways and associated prey animals present in the large mangrove system to juvenile John’s snapper.  相似文献   

Seasonal variations of phenolic compounds in Australia-grown tea (Camellia sinensis)     

Yao L  Caffin N  D'Arcy B  Jiang Y  Shi J  Singanusong R  Liu X  Datta N  Kakuda Y  Xu Y 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(16):6477-6483

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