Snowcover Components in Northern Japan     

Izumi Noguchi  Takunori Katoh  Shigekatsu Sakai  Riki Iwata  Masayuki Akiyama  Hideyuki Ohtsuka  Kouichi Sakata  Hirohide Aga  Yutaka Matsumoto 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,130(1-4):421-426

Snowcover surveys were carried out in Hokkaido, northern Japan. Snowpack samples were collected using a steel pipe at 80 sites in 1988, 69 sites in 1992, and 66 sites in 1996 and 2000 during the time when the water equivalents of the snowcover are the greatest. Spatial distribution maps of water equivalents and of the concentrations and the accumulated amounts of hydrogen, non-sea-salt sulfate and non-sea-salt calcium ion of the snowcover drawn by Kriging method are discussed. The distribution maps show that water equivalents and the accumulated amounts of hydrogen and non-sea-salt sulfate in all the sample years were largest in the Japan Sea region, as were the ion concentrations of hydrogen and non-sea-salt sulfate. It was estimated this was caused by air pollutants transported from a great distance. The ratio of areas below pH 5.0 increased temporally from 1988 (20%) to 1992, 1996 and 2000 (66–80%). This trend was estimated to be affected by a decline of non-sea-salt calcium concentrations derived from alkaline road dust. In addition, the effect of snowcover components was assessed by comparison between the acid loads of the snowcover and the acid neutralizing capacity of lake water. We found that lakes in the middle of the Japan Sea coast have the potential to be acidified by snowmelt.  相似文献   

Electrophoresis Study of Extracts of Submaxillary Salivary Glands from Naturally Rabid Dogs          下载免费PDF全文

Morris D. Schneider  Yutaka Furusho 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1965,29(8):195-200

Rabies virus in submaxillary salivary glands from naturally infected dogs was investigated by a paper electrophoresis technique, and the virus activity was quantitated by intracerebral titration in mice. Extracts from these salivary glands were found to contain (a) 10⁴ to 10⁶ mouse ICLD ₅₀ units of wild rabies seed and (b) a protein complex that migrated electrophoretically in the albumin band and more conspicuously in the beta and gamma bands of normal horse serum. The protein complex was interpreted to comprise aggregates of neutralizing antirabies antibody.  相似文献   

Fractures of the carpus in racing thoroughbreds of the Japan Racing Association: Prevalence, location, and current modes of surgical therapy     

Yutaka Mizuno DVM  PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1996,16(1):25-31

From 1985 through 1994 approximately 39,800 Thoroughbred horses competed in over 3,400 races each year conducted by the Japan Racing Association (JRA). During this time the prevalence of fractures incurred during racing was 1.99, and 0.09% during training. Of these, 0.32% of the horses during racing died or were humanely destroyed as a direct result of their injuries. During 1994, 1,837 fractures occurred. The cuboidal bones of the carpus and the distal end of the radius accounted for 33.5% of all recorded fractures, with 47.4% of these occurring during racing and 24.2% occurring during training. The most common sites of fracture within the carpus were the distal end of the radius, the third carpal bone, and the radial carpal bone accounting for 35.3, 35.2, and 29.5% of fractures, respectively. Of these, 86/7% of osteochondral fractures occurred on the dorsal aspect of the cuboidal bones. At racing speed, characteristic fractures of the carpus are relatively common in race horses.Since 1991 in Japan, arthroscopic surgery has been the treatment of choice for the removal of carpal joint osteochondral fragments. Of all horses having arthroscopic surgery (n=155), 68.4% of these horses returned to race 9 months after surgery. Of all horses having osteochondral fractures of the distal end of the radius, radial carpal, and third carpal bones treated with arthroscopic surgery in 1993 (n=97) 52.6%, 60.0%, and 55.6% respectively, returned to race and competed at the same level of competition or higher compared with pre-operative racing performance. Arthroscopic surgery, as adapted by the JRA, is a useful technique for the treatment of carpal bone fractures in race horses; however, following surgery some horses had chronic arthritic changes associated with the surgical site. This suggests that the surgical methods and post-operative training program have to be re-evaluated.The objectives of this paper are to describe the prevalence, location, post-operative complication and racing performance for horses having cuboidal carpal bone fractures in racing Throughbreds of JRA.  相似文献   

Paper Electrophoresis Study of Sera of Dogs Immune to Wild Rabies Virus   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

Morris D. Schneider  Yutaka Furusho    Shigemi Iiyama 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1965,29(4):97-101

Three hyperimmune dogs were injected intramuscularly with canine wild rabies virus. The dogs showed no clinical evidence of rabies. Intramuscular injection of the wild rabies virus in susceptible puppies induced fulminating disease and mortality in 14 to 16 days. Investigation of the serum proteins of the hyperimmune dogs by a paper electrophoresis technique revealed conspicuous changes in the beta and gamma protein bands.  相似文献   

Effect of catechins on mutagenesis of Salmonella typhimurium TA 102 elicited by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BuOOH)     

Nikaidou S  Ishizuka M  Maeda Y  Hara Y  Kazusaka A  Fujita S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2005,67(1):137-138

Green tea, one of the most popular beverages consumed in Asian countries, has been reported to possess anticarcinogenic and antimutagenic properties. The aim in this study is to test the radical scavenging effect of catechins and caffeine, which were major components of green tea, and if they really prevent oxygen radical-induced mutagenesis. We used TA102 strain of Salmonella typhimurium which is sensitive to hydroxyl radical in the Ames mutation assay. We found that caffeine did not show any effects on mutagenesis in this system, but catechin significantly reduced mutagenesis or genotoxicity caused by hydroxyl radical. This radical-scavenging action of catechins may indeed contribute to the anticarcinogenic activity of green tea as has been proposed.  相似文献   

Comparison of estrus induction and subsequent fertility with two different intravaginal devices in ewes during the non-breeding season     

Kohno H  Okamoto C  Iida K  Takeda T  Kaneko E  Kawashima C  Miyamoto A  Fukui Y 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2005,51(6):805-812

Two experiments were conducted to compare the effect of estrus induction by controlled internal drug release (CIDR) and intravaginal cream containing 500 mg progesterone (P cream) in ewes during the non-breeding season. In the first experiment, twenty-four ewes were randomly grouped for two treatments with the different intravaginal devices for 12 days: Group A was the CIDR group and Group B was the P cream group. Blood was collected from all treated ewes, and progesterone (P(4)), estradiol 17-beta (E(2)) and luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations were measured by enzyme immunoassay. In the second experiment, the conception rates from natural mating, estrus-detected AI (inseminated 12 h after estrus detection), or fixed-time AI (inseminated 42 h after removal of an intravaginal device) in 127 ewes treated with CIDR or P cream were compared. In Experiment 1, the rate of estrus induction and the time of estrus onset after device removal were 91.7% and 36.3 +/- 15.7 h in Group A, and 100% and 35.0 +/- 12.6 h in Group B, respectively. There were no significant differences between the devices. The mean plasma P(4) concentration in Group B was significantly (P < 0.01) lower than Group A between day -9 and day -1 (Day 0: the day of device removal). However, no significant differences were found in the mean E(2) concentrations of the two groups after treatment. The mean time of estrus onset in ewes with an observed LH surge and the time of LH surge after treatment were 23.3 +/- 8.7 h and 30.3 +/- 5.0 h for Group A and 27.6 +/- 6.5 and 26.3 +/- 8.0 h for Group B, respectively, and there were no significant differences. However, a significant difference (P < 0.05) was found in the mean time from the time of estrus onset to LH surge between Group A (6.4 +/- 6.7 h) and Group B (-1.3 +/- 4.1 h). In Experiment 2, the conception rates for natural mating, estrus-detected AI, and fixed-time AI were 55.0, 29.4, and 25.0% for Group A and 40.7, 25.0, and 42.1% for Group B, respectively, and there were no significant differences. These results suggest that the effect of induction of estrus and ovulation and the rate of conception after treatment were comparable to CIDR even though the plasma P(4) concentration of the P cream method tended to be low during the insertion period.  相似文献   

Effect of the well of the well (WOW) system on in vitro culture for porcine embryos after intracytoplasmic sperm injection     

Taka M  Iwayama H  Fukui Y 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2005,51(4):533-537

For developmental competence of porcine embryos in vitro, it is important to improve the culture environment. The present study was performed to evaluate four different culture systems for in vitro matured porcine oocytes following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI); drop, well and two sizes of the well of the well (WOW) systems (500 and 1,000 microm in diameter). The cleavage rate on Day 2 and the mean cell number in blastocysts on Day 6 were not significantly different among the four treatments. However, the 1,000 microm WOW (24.6%) resulted in a significantly higher (P<0.05) blastocyst rate than those in the other culture systems (12.9, 14.8, and 7.1% for drop, well, and 500 microm WOW, respectively). The present study indicates that the microenvironment created by the 1,000 microm diameter WOW improves blastocyst production of in vitro matured porcine oocytes after ICSI, and that the effectiveness of the WOW system is dependent on the size (diameter) of the WOW.  相似文献   

Attempt at in vitro maturation of minke whale (Balaenoptera Bonaerensis) oocytes using a portable CO2 incubator     

Iwayama H  Ishikawa H  Ohsumi S  Fukui Y 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2005,51(1):69-75

The present study was conducted to investigate whether a portable CO2 incubator was effective for in vitro maturation (IVM) of bovine, porcine and minke whale oocytes, and the effect of maturation media supplemented with different hormones; porcine follicle stimulating hormone (pFSH), estradiol-17beta (E2), or pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG): human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for minke whale immature oocytes was also examined. In vitro maturation rates of bovine and porcine oocytes cultured in the portable CO2 incubator were not significantly different from the standard CO2 incubator. In minke whale IVM culture using the portable incubator, the maximum expansion of cumulus mass was observed by pFSH/E2 and PMSG/hCG at the end of IVM culture. Moreover, the IVM culture period was shortened to 28-30 h from 96-120 h previously reported. The proportion of matured oocytes cultured in the medium supplemented with pFSH/E2 (26.7%) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that with PMSG/hCG (6.9%). The present study indicates that a portable CO2 incubator is a useful device for minke whale IVM culture on a research base ship, and the addition of pFSH/E2 into an IVM medium enhanced cumulus expansion and the proportion of minke whale matured oocytes.  相似文献   

Detection of Cryptosporidium muris type oocysts from beef cattle in a farm and from domestic and wild animals in and around the farm     

Nakai Y  Hikosaka K  Sato M  Sasaki T  Kaneta Y  Okazaki N 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(8):983-984

Cryptosporidium muris type oocysts were detected from 21 of 516 beef cattle in a farm. Then we surveyed Cryptosporidium oocysts in 348 beef and dairy cattle, 500 pigs, 101 dogs, 38 wild animals and 11 zoo-kept animals in and around the farm. Oocysts were detected from only 2 of 25 Japanese field mice, Apodemus speciosus in the same farm. Gene analysis suggested that the oocysts were different from the C. muris type bovine isolate.  相似文献   

Relationship between serum sex hormone concentrations and histology of seminiferous tubules of captured baleen whales in the Western North Pacific during the feeding season     

Watanabe H  Mogoe T  Asada M  Hayashi K  Fujise Y  Ishikawa H  Ohsumi S  Miyamoto A  Fukui Y 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2004,50(4):419-427

The present study was conducted to obtain new information on relationships among serum testosterone (T), estradiol-17 beta (E(2)), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations and histology of seminiferous tubules in captured common minke and Bryde's whales during the feeding season. Blood samples and testes were collected from common minke (n=39 for blood samples, n=15 for testes) and Bryde's (n=14 for blood samples, n=7 for testes) whales captured from May 2001 to August 2001 in the Western North Pacific. Serum T concentrations, in 35.9% of the common minke and 57.1% of Bryde's whales, were below the detection limit (< 2.5 pg/ml). There were no significant differences in the serum concentrations of E(2), FSH, and LH among immature, mature common minke and Bryde's whales except that LH levels of immature Bryde's whales was higher than those of common minke whales. In most seminiferous tubules of mature whales, only a single-layer of spermatogonia was observed. However, spermatozoa were observed in seminiferous tubules in 2/13 of mature common minke and 4/4 of mature Bryde's whales with the low or undetectable T levels. These results indicate that the low serum T concentrations reflect the inactivity of spermatogenesis in both baleen whales, and that it is not possible to assess gonadal activity in either common minke or Bryde's whales using serum sex hormone concentrations during the feeding season.  相似文献