Provision of beta‐glucan prebiotics (cellooligosaccharides and kraft pulp) to calves from pre‐ to post‐weaning period on pasture     

Kyoko Kido  Shigeki Tejima  Miyuu Haramiishi  Yutaka Uyeno  Yasuyuki Ide  Kazuhiro Kurosu  Shiro Kushibiki 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(12):1537-1543

We conducted two feeding experiments to evaluate the effects of supplementation with either cellooligosaccharide or kraft pulp on growth performance in grazing beef calves (Japanese Black) from 4 weeks pre‐weaning to 12 to 16 weeks post‐weaning. In Experiment 1 (20‐week duration), nine calves (2.9‐month‐old females) were assigned to either a control group (CON) or an experimental group (CEL) fed cellooligosaccharide at a rate of 10 g/day mixed with concentrate. Average daily weight gain tended to be greater in CEL than in CON, especially after 1 month of weaning. In Experiment 2 (16‐week duration), 10 calves (2.0‐month‐old females) were assigned to either a control group or an experimental group (KRA) fed kraft pulp at a rate of 10% replacement of total digestible nutrients with concentrate. The proportion of fibrolytic bacteria increased and that of methanogenic Archaea decreased in the rumen microbial community composition of KRA calves in Experiment 2, whereas the decrease in Fibrobacter and Archaea was observed in CEL calves at first 4 weeks in Experiment 1. We conclude that beta‐glucan prebiotic supplementation to grazing calves at pre‐weaning would affect rumen microbial composition and modified rumen fermentation characteristics, leading to a better rumen environment via different means.  相似文献   

Quantitative structure-activity study of insecticidal 2-methoxy-5-(substituted-phenyl)-1, 3, 2-oxazaphospholidine 2-sulfides against Musca domestica L. by topical application     

Akinori Hirashima  Yutaka Yoshii  Ryuko Takeya  Morifusa Eto 《Pest management science》1992,35(3):223-226

The quantitative relationship between the structure of 2-methoxy-5-(substituted-phenyl)-1, 3, 2-oxazaphospholidine 2-sulfides (5-PMOS) and their insecticidal activity against the house fly. Musca domestica L., was analyzed using reported physicochemical parameters and regression analysis. The electronic nature of the substituent on the phenyl group of 5-PMOS has the most significant effect on the activity, followed by hydrophobic and steric effects; the optimum value of Σρ is zero and the more hydrophobic the substituents on the phenyl group, the higher the insecticidal activity. The plots of observed pLD₅₀, values against calculated pLD₅₀ values for compounds having substituents in the ortho-position deviated downwards from those of compounds having substituents at the meta and/or para positions. This ortho-effect, which reduces the insecticidal activity of compounds having substituents at the ortho-position, was expressed by a dummy parameter D, which has the value 2 for di-ortho-substituted derivatives, 1 for mono-ortho-substituted derivatives and zero for others. Thus, the highest activity was obtained for 2-methoxy-5-phenyl-1, 3, 2-oxazaphospholidine 2-sulfide, and the activity was decreased by the introduction of any substituents on the phenyl group.  相似文献   

Genetic relationships of fertility traits with test‐day milk yield and fat‐to‐protein ratio in tropical smallholder dairy farms          下载免费PDF全文

Sayan Buaban  Monchai Duangjinda  Mitsuyoshi Suzuki  Yutaka Masuda  Jureeratn Sanpote  Keigo Kuchida 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(5):627-637

The test‐day milk fat‐to‐protein ratio (TD‐FPR) could serve as a measure of energy balance status and might be used as a criterion to improve metabolic stability and fertility through genetic selection. Therefore, genetic parameters for fertility traits, test‐day milk yield (TD‐MY) and TD‐FPR, as well as, their relationships during different stages of lactation, were estimated on data collected from 25 968 primiparous Thai dairy crossbred cows. Gibbs sampling algorithms were implemented to obtain (co)variance components using both univariate linear and threshold animal models and bivariate linear‐linear and linear‐threshold animal models with random regression. Average TD‐MY and TD‐FPR were 12.60 and 1.15. Heritability estimates for TD‐MY, TD‐FPR and selected fertility traits ranged from 0.31 to 0.58, 0.17 to 0.19 and 0.02 to 0.05, respectively. Genetic correlations among TD‐FPR and TD‐MY, TD‐FPR and fertility traits, and TD‐MY and fertility traits ranged from 0.05 to ‐0.44, from ‐0.98 to 0.98 and ‐0.22 to 0.79, respectively. Selection for lower TD‐FPR would decrease numbers of inseminations per conception and increase conception at first service and pregnancy within 90 days. In addition, cow selection based only on high milk production has strong effects to prolong days to first service, days open and calving interval.  相似文献   

Partial characterization of phylogeny,ecology and function of the fibrolytic bacterium Ruminococcus flavefaciens OS14, newly isolated from the rumen of swamp buffalo          下载免费PDF全文

Phoompong Boonsaen  Madoka Kinjo  Suriya Sawanon  Yutaka Suzuki  Satoshi Koike  Yasuo Kobayashi 《Animal Science Journal》2018,89(2):377-385

The fibrolytic rumen bacterium Ruminococcus flavefaciensOS14 was isolated from swamp buffalo and its phylogenetic, ecological and digestive properties were partially characterized. Isolates from rumen contents of four swamp buffalo were screened for fibrolytic bacteria; one of the 40 isolates showed a distinctive feature of solubilizing cellulose powder in liquid culture and was identified as R. flavefaciens based on its 16S ribosomal DNA sequence. This isolate, OS14, was employed for detection and digestion studies, for which a quantitative PCR assay was developed and defined cultures were tested with representative forages in Thailand. OS14 was phylogenetically distant from other isolated and uncultured R. flavefaciens and showed limited distribution among Thai ruminants but was absent in Japanese cattle. OS14 digested rice straw and other tropical forage to a greater extent than the type strain C94 of R. flavefaciens. OS14 produced more lactate than C94, and digested para grass to produce propionate more extensively in co‐culture with lactate‐utilizing Selenomonas ruminantium S137 than a co‐culture of C94 with S137. These results indicate that phylogenetically distinct OS14 could digest Thai local forage more efficiently than the type strain, possibly forming a symbiotic cross‐feeding relationship with lactate‐utilizing bacteria. This strain might be useful for future animal and other industrial applications.  相似文献   

Perception and valuation of Paddy Field Dam functions by rural communities: a CVM approach     

Oishi  Takafumi  Nakano  Ryota  Matsuno  Yutaka 《Paddy and Water Environment》2019,17(3):383-390

Paddy and Water Environment - In recent years, Paddy Field Dams have received recognition as a measure to alleviate flooding due to torrential rains. Paddy Field Dams have been in practice in...  相似文献   

Characterization of gene expression in mouse embryos at the 1-cell stage     

Ryoma YAMAMOTO  Ken-ichiro ABE  Yutaka SUZUKI  Masataka G. SUZUKI  Fugaku AOKI 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2016,62(1):87-92

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Cladistic relationships among the Pleurotus ostreatus complex, the Pleurotus pulmonarius complex, and Pleurotus eryngii based on the mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal DNA sequence analysis     

Dapeng Bao  Tadanori Aimi  Yutaka Kitamoto 《Journal of Wood Science》2005,51(1):77-82

The cladistic analysis of the V4 domain sequences, performed by UPGMA, the neighbor-joining, and parsimony methods, revealed that the 19 Pleurotus strains tested in this study evolved along three lineages, each corresponding to a separate biological species: the Pleurotus ostreatus complex, the Pleurotus pulmonarius complex, and Pleurotus eryngii. Moreover, the cladistic positions of the 3 biological species show that the P. ostreatus complex and P. eryngii were derived from a common ancestor at a later stage of evolution, and that the common ancestor had diverged from the lineage of the P. pulmonarius complex during an earlier evolutionary event. The sequences of the 5 portion of the mt SSU rDNA among the strains of the P. ostreatus complex had 99.2%–99.6% homology. All test strains in the P. pulmonarius complex had completely identical sequences. The homology of the strain sequences between the P. ostreatus complex and the P. pulmonarius complex ranged from 96.0% to 96.3%. The sequence of the strain of P. eryngii showed 97.8%–98.3% and 96.5% homologies with those of the strains in the P. ostreatus and the P. pulmonarius complexes, respectively.  相似文献   

The biological species of oyster mushrooms (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pleurotus</Emphasis> spp.) from Asia based on mating compatibility tests     

Dapeng?Bao  Satomi?Kinugasa  Yutaka?KitamotoEmail author 《Journal of Wood Science》2004,50(2):162-168

Mating compatibility of 25 Pleurotus species collected mainly from Asia was tested by either the Mon–Mon mating or the Di–Mon mating tests. The results showed 5 intersterility groups (P. ostreatus, P. pulmonarius, P. cornucopiae, P. cystidiosus, and P. salmoneostramineus complexes) and 7 independent interincompatible species (P. calyptratus, P. corticatus, P. dryinus, P. eryngii, P. nebrodensis, P. smithii, and P. ulmarius). The P. ostreatus complex includes P. ostreatus, P. ostreatus var. columbinus, P. djamor, and P. flabellatus. The P. pulmonarius complex has 7 taxa: P. pulmonarius, P. eugrammus, P. eugrammus var. brevisporus, P. sajor-caju, P. sapidus, P. sp. florida, and P. opuntiae. The P. cornucopiae complex includes its variant P. cornucopiae var. citrinopileatus. The P. cystidiosus complex includes P. abalonus. The P. salmoneostramineus complex includes 3 pink-colored mushrooms: P. salmoneostramineus, P. ostreatoroseus, and P. rhodophyllus. According to mating compatibility tests, 12 biological species were identified from among 25 Pleurotus species.  相似文献   

Physical and mechanical properties of wood after moisture conditioning   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yutaka Ishimaru  Kazutoshi Arai  Masato Mizutani  Katsuhito Oshima  Ikuho Iida 《Journal of Wood Science》2001,47(3):185-191

Some properties of wood (hinoki:Chamaecyparis obtusa) moisture-conditioned by an adsorption process from a dry state and by two desorption processes (from a water-saturated state and from a state with a moisture content slightly below the fiber saturation point) were investigated. The moisture contents of wood conditioned by the adsorption process and by the desorption process continued to approach to one another for the moisture-conditioning period of over 50 weeks. Accordingly, sorption hysteresis should be regarded as a transitional phenomenon that occurs during the process of approaching the true equilibrium, which requires a long time. The wood conditioned by the desorption process beginning from a water-saturated state showed slightly smaller dimensions than those conditioned by the adsorption process with the same moisture content; however, the wood conditioned by the desorption process from a moisture content below the fiber saturation point showed slightly larger dimensions than those conditioned by the adsorption process. The wood conditioned by the adsorption process from a dry state showed a higher modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture than did the wood conditioned from a water-saturated state with the same moisture content. The mechanical properties of the wood also varied based on the states at which the desorption process was started. This is a notable characteristic of the relation between the drying condition and the mechanical properties of wood.  相似文献   

Screening of heterozygous DNA markers in shiitake (Lentinula edodes) using de-dikaryotization via preparation of protoplasts and isolation of four meiotic monokaryons from one basidium     

Kazuhiro Miyazaki  Hajime Maeda  Masahide Sunagawa  Yutaka Tamai  Susumu Shiraishi 《Journal of Wood Science》2000,46(5):395-400

A suitable screening method for heterozygous DNA markers in shiitake,Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler, is reported. Monokaryons were derived from a dikaryon by de-dikaryotization via protoplast formation. Compatibility of the monokaryons was determined by pairwise culture on agar plates. We selected the primers to amplify polymorphic fragments among the original strain (Hokken600H600) and two monokaryons (H600PP-39 and H600PP-67) showing compatibility. A total of 135 fragments were selected as specific random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) resulting from 56 primers of the 147 primers tested. Furthermore, we tested whether the polymorphic fragments segregated into 22 among four strains isolated from a basidium. Most of the polymorphic fragments (about 97.8%) showed 22 segregation among the four strains. We concluded that the polymorphic fragments were heterozygous if they were detected in either of the monokaryons (H600PP-39 and H600PP-67) and segregated to 22 among four meiotic strains (H600B-1,-2, -3, and -4). A total of 132 heterozygous DNA markers were therefore selected from a dikaryon of shiitake (Hokken600H600).Part of this report was presented at the 8th Annual Meeting of Mushroom Science and Biotechnology and the 47th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kochi, 1997  相似文献