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51.
52.
Zafar Iqbal Sohail Hameed Muhammad Akbar Anjum Altaf Ahmad Dasti Ahmad Saleem 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2010,127(3):391-398
Aetiology of mango malformation (MM) has intrigued the scientists since its inception. The objective of the study was to glean
an insight into association of the fungus, Fusarium mangiferae, with different malformed regions, viz. panicle-shoot juncture, apical buds, primary and secondary peduncles, in five exotic
mango cultivars. Tissue assays revealed an infection of 88.5, 84.75 and 82.5% in cvs Zill, Sensation and Tommy Atkins, respectively.
Least infection of 69.75% was found in cv. Keitt. No exotic cultivar was found to be free of fungal infection. Apical buds
proved to be the potential infection site of the fungus amongst the four malformed regions, hosting maximum within-tissue
infection of 86.2%. Determination of F. mangiferae at proximal and distant sites of the malformed panicles exhibited maximum recovery of 82.0% at 0 cm and only 3% at >30 cm
distance beneath the panicle. In the case of non-malformed panicles, an infection of 14.0% was recorded at 0 cm distance while
no detection could be made from non-malformed branches. Moreover, examination of ultra-thin bud sections under Transmission
Electron Microscopy (TEM) revealed inter- and intra-cellular ramification of fungal hyphae, indicating fungal ingress in malformed
bud tissues of local cv. Malda. The present studies explored the sites hosting the causal fungus in mango and provide convincing
evidence that F. mangiferae is responsible for turning healthy tissues into the malformed condition. These findings suggest that inoculum specific management
strategies are needed in future to curb malformation disease in mango orchards. 相似文献
53.
Murtaz-ul Hassan Muhammad Nisar Khan Muhammad Abubakar Hafiz Muhammad Waheed Zafar Iqbal Manzoor Hussain 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(8):1615-1625
Cattle hypodermosis (warble fly infestation) is a notorious veterinary problem throughout the world. Larvae of Hypoderma species
cause a subcutaneous myiasis of domesticated and wild ruminants. This disease is caused by, Hypoderma bovis, Hypoderma lineatum in cattle whereas, Hypoderma diana, Hypoderma actaeon, and Hypoderma tarandi, affect roe deer, red deer, and reindeer, respectively. Adults of the cattle grub are commonly known as heel flies, warble
flies, bomb flies or gad flies. The biology of hypodermosis is complex because it passes through ecto- as well as endoparasitic
stages in the life cycle. The parasitic stage of hypodermosis lasts about 1 year in domesticated as well as in the wild animals,
while in the adult stage, a free-living fly lasts only for few days. The diagnosis of hypodermosis is of prime importance
for planning treatment and the eradication program. Generally, there are two methods that are routinely used for diagnosis
of hypodermosis, i.e., the direct clinical examination and immuno diagnosis by the use of pooled serum and/or milk sample.
For the control of hypodermosis, different preparations are available and their use in most of the countries is limited to
an individual level but never cover the whole cattle population of a country. Re-infestation in the herd occurs due to the
untreated animals that remain the reservoir of the disease. The disease causes huge economic losses in animal production due
to the effect of this disease on meat, milk, and the leather industry. It can also affect the general health status as well
as the immune system of the body of the diseased animals. As regards the control measures of the disease, different methods
have been efficiently practiced and consequently this disease is controlled at national level in many European countries. 相似文献
54.
M. Yasin Ashraf Mahnaz Roohi Zafar Iqbal M. Ashraf Münir Öztürk 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(4):405-413
Addition of cadmium, lead, and cadmium + lead (Cd, Pb, and Cd+Pb) to growth medium leads to a reduction in seed germination, length, fresh and dry biomass of shoots and roots, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and soluble proteins in plants. This study was undertaken on two mungbean cultivars (MN-92 and MN-98). Application of these metals in the growth medium reduced the bioabsorption of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and potassium (K). Concentrations of all the metals were greater in the roots than in the shoots except for K, which was greater in the shoots. Mungbean cultivar NM-98 performed better than NM-92 in response to heavy-metal toxicity. Overall, the metal-induced physiobiochemical changes resulted in reduced growth of both mungbean cultivars. 相似文献
55.
Rizvi A Hasan S Alam M Zafar A Fatima T Shareef PA Banu N Saleemuddin M Saifullah MK Abidi SM 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,185(2-4):164-167
The levels of oxidative stress markers are an important indicator of the physiological state of the parasite and its host. In the present study levels of lipid peroxidation, glutathione S transferase, glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase were determined in the Clinostomum complanatum progenetic metacercaria, obtained from the fish peritoneum (a hypoxic habitat). The in vivo transformed ovigerous adult worms were obtained from the aerobic environment of the buccopharyngeal region of experimentally infected chickens. Levels of antioxidant molecules were also determined in the blood of experimentally infected chickens. An increase in the levels of lipid peroxidation, and a significant decrease in the levels of glutathione S transferase, glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase was observed in the infected host as compared to the controls. In the ovigerous worms, the levels of lipid peroxidation, glutathione S transferase, glutathione, superoxide dismutase were found to be significantly less than the levels observed in the progenetic metacercaria. Since the establishment of worm in the buccal cavity of the avian host would lead to its exposure to oxygen and the haematophagous nature of the parasite also exposes it to the free radicals in the host blood, the progenetic metacercaria has evolved to produce excess free radical scavenging molecules reserved to combat the oxidative stress encountered within the microhabitat of the definitive host. 相似文献
56.
Zafar Muhammad Nadeem Abbas Imran Nadeem Raziya Sheikh Munir Ahmad Ghauri Muhammad Afzal 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2009,197(1-4):361-370
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution - Different bases were used for the pretreatment of Rice bran biomass. Pretreatment with bases such as NaOH, Ca(OH)2 and Al(OH)3 were found to improve biosorption... 相似文献
57.
Pervez Ahmed Khoso Aziz Ahmed Memon Ali Asghar Baloch Ali Raza Mangi Zafar Ali Khoso 《东北农业大学学报(英文版)》2018,(1):33-39
A total of 120-day-old broilers were divided into four groups. In group-A, broilers were left without supplementation of minerals and vitamins (control), while the broilers in groups B, C and D were given mineral and vitamin supplementation 1-6, 1-4 and 5-6 weeks, respectively. The results showed that the feed consumption of broilers in groups A, B, C and D was 4 234.61, 4 028.38, 4 169.32 and 4 181.87 g ? b-1; water intake was 9 668.88, 9 295.55, 9 882.11 and 9 402.86 L ? b-1; live body weight was 2 068.90, 2 360.90, 2 255.30 and 2 157.40 g ? b-1, respectively. The feed conversion ratio of broilers in groups A, B, C, D was 2.05, 1.71, 1.85 and 1.94 g ? b-1, carcass weight (wt) was 1 550, 1 656, 1 552 and 1 528.8 g ? b-1, and average dressing percentage was 61.24, 63.02, 62.60 and 60.51 respectively. Weight of heart in groups A, B, C and D was 15.13, 13.16, 11.72 and 11.50 g ? b-1, weight of gizzard was 32.98, 37.48, 37.62 and 33.35 g ? b-1, weight of liver was 51.94, 48.70, 51.94 and 48.70 g ? b-1and spleen weight was 3.48, 3.28, 3.06 and 2.82 g ? b-1, respectively. Average mortality of broilers in groups A, B, C and D was 6, 2, 4 and 5 resulting 20.00%, 8.00%, 13.00% and 16.00% mortality rate, respectively. The haemoglobin level in blood of broilers in groups A, B, C and D was 9.20, 12.23, 10.87 and 7.60 g ? dL-1, white blood cell level 77.47, 89.83, 81.63 and 78.13 (×106μL); red blood cell level 1.85, 2.58, 2.45 and 1.40 (×106μL), respectively. It was concluded that broilers given mineral and vitamin supplementation (Aquavit Electrolyte) for 6 weeks were proven to be most effective regime to result the lowest feed intake, the highest live body weight, better feed conversion ratio, higher carcass weight, better dressing percentage, higher net profit, relatively improved haemoglobin level in blood, increased counts of red blood cells and white blood cells. In all the above parameters, the broilers received mineral and vitamin supplementation for the first 4 weeks and the last 2 weeks showed relatively inferior performance, it is suggested that mineral and vitamin supplementation through water for partial period was not much effective in broiler productivity. Broilers may be supplemented with commercially available minerals and vitamins in drinking water over full rearing period, for achieving higher live body weight and efficient feed conversion ratio. 相似文献
58.
Soil salinity is a serious abiotic factor affecting the production of crops by reducing potassium (K) uptake due to strong competition with sodium (Na) cations in the root regions. In calcareous soils, most of the nutrients precipitate in unavailable forms for plants. This study investigated the physiological and biochemical response of two wheat genotypes salt tolerant Abadghar and salt sensitive Pari-73 supplemented with K and zinc (Zn) nutrition. A factorial experiment with three levels of K (0, 50 and 100 kg ha?1) and three levels of Zn (0, 25 and 50 kg ha?1) based on a complete randomized design was employed. The results showed significant effect of treatments on chlorophyll (Chl) contents, water relations, nitrogen metabolism and yield attributes. The treatment K+Zn (100, 25 kg ha?1) was the most effective in increasing grain yield. The results achieved highlight the importance of K and Zn nutrition in salt-stress conditions. 相似文献
59.
Ayaz Mehmood Arshad Hussain Bilal Beig Zaib Jahan Nida Zafar 《Journal of plant nutrition》2019,42(10):1218-1229
To address nitrogen (N)-related environmental pollution, development of an economical, slow-release urea fertilizer is the need of the hour. A study was conducted on the reduction of nitrogen released from granular urea fertilizer by applying sulfur, gypsum, bentonite, and starch as coating material. Paraffin wax was used as a binder. The dissolution rates were studied by changing the composition of coating mixture using high-performance liquid chromatography. SEM was used to study the morphology of coated urea in terms of smoothness and uniformity. The ultraviolet spectroscopy analysis further authenticated the release behavior of coated urea in terms of nitrogen concentration. Coating material reduced the release rate of nitrogen from urea fertilizer, significantly. Mixture of sulfur and gypsum coating on urea gave slowest release rate of nitrogen from urea fertilizer, i.e., 37%, as compared to uncoated urea and thus seems to be the most promising binding material for product development. 相似文献
60.
Effect of roots aqueous extract of Delphinium denudatum on morphine-induced tolerance in mice 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The aqueous extract of Delphinium denudatum (Dd) roots showed a significant effect against morphine- (10 mg/kg) induced tolerance and dependence in mice. Oral administration of the extract (200-1600 mg/kg) showed a significant dose-dependent inhibition of naloxone- (1 mg/kg) induced withdrawal. 相似文献