The diagnosis of bovine mastitis: a critical evaluation of a polyvalent radial immunodiffusion test and other methods     

W H Giesecke  L W van den Heever  I J du Toit  C E Beyer 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》1973,40(2):59-67

  相似文献   

Beschadiging door natriumchloraat     

W. den Boer 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1958,64(2):144-149

Samenvatting Een beschrijving wordt gegeven van de beschadigingsbeelden, die door natriumchloraat worden veroorzaakt bij druif, sla, komkommer, tomaat en bloemkool. Het meest opmerkelijke beeld is een lichter worden van de nerven (vein clearing), later gevolgd door grijs- of bruinkleuring. De gevoeligheid van de verschillende gewassen loopt uiteen. Komkommer is gevoeliger dan de overige gewassen. In het najaar zijn jonge planten gevoeliger dan in de zomer. Verschillende mogelijkheden, waardoor natriumchloraat in de bodem kan terechtkomen, worden besproken. Men kan het herstel van de planten bevorderen door het natriumchloraat zo goed mogelijk uit te spoelen door veel water te geven.Summary In this paper the damage caused by sodium chlorate on grape, lettuce, cucumber, tomato and cauliflower is described. The most common symptom is vein clearing, followed by a grey or brown discoloration.The crops mentioned differ in their sensitivity to sodium chlorate. Cucumber is more sensitive to the damaging effect than the other crops. In autumn young plants are more sensitive than in summer. Several possibilities of contamination of the soil with sodium chlorate are mentioned. Recovery of the plants may be promoted by washing out the sodium chlorate with as much water as possible  相似文献   

Growth hormone modulates cholecalciferol metabolism with moderate effects on intestinal mineral absorption and specific effects on bone formation in growing dogs raised on balanced food     

Tryfonidou MA  Holl MS  Oosterlaken-Dijksterhuis MA  Vastenburg M  van den Brom WE  Hazewinkel HA 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2003,25(2):155-174

The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of growth hormone (GH) on Vitamin D3 metabolism and the subsequent effects on calcium (Ca) homeostasis and skeletal growth in growing dogs. A group of Miniature Poodles received supraphysiological doses of GH (GH group; n = 6; 0.5 IU GH per kg body per day) from 12 to 21 weeks of age and was compared with a control placebo-treated group (n = 8). Biologic activity of GH in the GH compared to the control group was indicated by (a) the 2.5- to 3.5-fold increase in the plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), (b) the increased production of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol as indicated by the significantly increased plasma 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol concentrations and the 12.9-fold increase in renal 1alpha-hydroxylase gene expression, and (c) the inhibited production of 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol as indicated by the significantly lower plasma 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol concentrations and the similar levels of renal 24-hydroxylase gene expression. Despite the distinct effects on Vitamin D(3) metabolism in the GH group, there were only moderate effects on the intestine, i.e. at 20 weeks of age there was a significant increase of 14.4 and 5.6% in fractional absorption of Ca and phosphate (Pi), respectively, compared to the control group. GH administration resulted in significantly elevated glomerular filtration rate, with no differences in Pi urine excretion as a result of a concomitant increase in the tubular reabsorption of Pi. GH had only limited disturbing effects on endochondral ossification as indicated by the maintenance of the regularity of the growth plates. However, GH had specific anabolic effects on bone formation without concomitant effect on bone resorption that may result in disorders of skeletal remodeling and manifestation of enostosis.  相似文献   

Performance of sows fed high levels of nonstarch polysaccharides during gestation and lactation over three parities     

van der Peet-Schwering CM  Kemp B  Binnendijk GP  den Hartog LA  Spoolder HA  Verstegen MW 《Journal of animal science》2003,81(9):2247-2258

The effect of feeding sows a starch diet or a diet with a high level of nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) during gestation, lactation, or both gestation and lactation during the first three parities on reproductive performance, body weight, and backfat was studied. Four-hundred and forty-four postpuberal gilts were allotted to a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial experiment. Treatments were diet composition during gestation (including the weaning-to-estrus interval; G-Starch: 274 g/kg of starch and 123 g/kg of fermentable NSP or G-NSP: 86 g/kg of starch and 300 g/kg of fermentable NSP), diet composition during lactation (L-Starch: 293 g/kg of starch and 113 g/kg of fermentable NSP or L-NSP: 189 g/kg of starch and 216 g/kg of fermentable NSP) and group-housing system during gestation (free access stalls or electronic feeding). Both gestation diets were formulated to be isoenergetic. During lactation, sows were given free access to the lactation diets from d 6 after parturition onwards. Body weight and backfat gains during gestation were lower in sows fed the G-NSP diet than in those fed the G-starch diet (P < 0.001). The effects were more pronounced in the electronic feeding system than in the free access stalls. These results indicate an overestimation of the energy value of fermentable NSP. Body weight and backfat losses during lactation were less in sows fed the G-NSP diet during gestation than in those fed the G-starch diet (P < 0.05),which can be explained by a 0.4 kg/d higher (P < 0.001) feed intake during lactation of the sows fed the G-NSP diet. Sows fed the L-NSP diet lost more backfat during lactation than sows fed the L-starch diet (P < 0.05). The number of total piglets born and live-born piglets was 0.5 piglet higher in sows fed the G-NSP diet than in those fed the G-starch diet (P < 0.05). Lactation diet did not affect the number of total piglets born or live-born piglets. This study shows that, although high NSP diets negatively influence body weight and backfat thickness of the sows, it is possible to feed sows a diet with a high level of fermentable NSP diet during both gestation and lactation without negative effects on reproductive performance. Under the conditions of this study, feeding sows a diet with a high level of fermentable NSP during gestation and a high level of starch during lactation seems the most favorable feeding strategy.  相似文献   

Biological activity of immunostimulatory CpG DNA motifs in domestic animals   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

Mutwiri G  Pontarollo R  Babiuk S  Griebel P  van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk S  Mena A  Tsang C  Alcon V  Nichani A  Ioannou X  Gomis S  Townsend H  Hecker R  Potter A  Babiuk LA 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2003,91(2):89-103

Bacterial DNA contains a much higher frequency of CpG dinucleotides than are present in mammalian DNA. Furthermore, bacterial CpG dinucleotides are often not methylated. It is thought that these two features in combination with specific flanking bases constitute a CpG motif that is recognized as a "danger" signal by the innate immune system of mammals and therefore an immune response is induced when these motifs are encountered. These immunostimulatory activities of bacterial CpG DNA can also be achieved with synthetic CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN). Recognition of CpG motifs by the innate immune system requires engagement of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR-9), which induces cell signaling and subsequently triggers a pro-inflammatory cytokine response and a predominantly Th1-type immune response. CpG ODN-induced innate and adaptive immune responses can result in protection in various mouse models of disease. Based on these observations, clinical trials are currently underway in humans to evaluate CpG ODN therapies for cancer, allergy and infectious disease. However, potential applications for immunostimulatory CpG ODN in species of veterinary importance are just being explored. In this review, we will highlight what is presently known about the immunostimulatory effects of CpG ODN in domestic animals.  相似文献   

Cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions to Psoroptes ovis and Der p 1 in sheep previously infested with P. ovis--the sheep scab mite     

van den Broek AH  Huntley JF  Halliwell RE  Machell J  Taylor M  Miller HR 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2003,91(2):105-117

We have previously shown that infestation with Psoroptes ovis induces an IgE response and intense tissue eosinophilia, typical of a Type I hypersensitivity response [Parasite Immunol. 22 (2000) 407]. Intradermal tests (IDSTs) suggest that there are also delayed and Arthus-type responses to this parasite. In order to study the nature of ovine cutaneous reactions to P. ovis, na?ve controls and experimentally infested sheep (n = 5) were challenged intradermally with mite antigen. Challenge elicited immediate (P < 0.001) and delayed (P < 0.005) wheal reactions in sensitised sheep. At 6 (P < 0.02) and 30 h (P < 0.001) the predominant infiltrating cells were eosinophils. To explore the role of circulating antibodies, na?ve sheep (n = 5) were subjected to Prausnitz-Kustner (PK) tests. These elicited immediate (P < 0.02) but not delayed wheal reactions. At 6 h eosinophils (P < 0.001) dominated the infiltrate. These results suggest that P. ovis allergens provoke an IgE-dependent immediate and late phase response and a cell-mediated eosinophil-rich delayed-type hypersensitivity response (ER-DTH).  相似文献   

Differences in polymorphonucleocyte function and local inflammatory response between horses and ponies     

Wilmink JM  Veenman JN  van den Boom R  Rutten VP  Niewold TA  Broekhuisen-Davies JM  Lees R  Armstrong S  van Weeren PR  Barneveld A 《Equine veterinary journal》2003,35(6):561-569

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Wound healing proceeds faster in ponies than in horses and complications during healing, such as wound infection, occur less frequently in ponies. Earlier studies suggested that this difference might be related to differences in the initial post traumatic inflammatory response. HYPOTHESIS: That polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) function and profiles of humoral factors in local inflammatory processes are different in horses and ponies. METHODS: PMNs were isolated from venous blood of horses and ponies. Chemotaxis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was determined. Tissue cages were implanted in limbs and necks of horses and ponies and injected with carrageenan and, 3 weeks later, with LPS. In sequential samples of inflammatory exudate, the numbers of macrophages and PMNs and the production of PGE2, TNFalpha, IL-1, IL-6 and chemoattractants were determined. RESULTS: In vitro ROS production of PMNs was significantly higher in ponies than in horses, whereas in vitro PMN chemotaxis was significantly lower in ponies. In the tissue cages for both stimuli, the production of IL-1 and chemoattractants was significantly higher in ponies than in horses and remained so towards the end of the observation period in ponies. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated a higher production of various inflammatory mediators by pony leucocytes. Despite the lower in vitro chemotaxis of pony PMNs, this higher in vivo production resulted in a stronger initial inflammatory response in ponies, as has been reported in studies on wound healing, through the attraction of leucocytes and triggering of the production of other cytokines. A stronger initial inflammation may promote healing by more rapid elemination of contaminants and earlier transition to repair. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Modulation of the initial inflammatory response might therefore be a valid option for therapeutic intervention in cases of problematic wound healing. Further, the intraspecies differences in leucocyte function may have an impact on many fields in equine medicine.  相似文献   

A prolonged photoperiod improves feed intake and energy metabolism of weanling pigs     

Bruininx EM  Heetkamp MJ  van den Bogaart D  van der Peet-Schwering CM  Beynen AC  Everts H  den Hartog LA  Schrama JW 《Journal of animal science》2002,80(7):1736-1745

In a 2-wk experiment, the effect of photoperiod on performance and energy metabolism of newly weaned pigs was studied. Forty 4-wk-old crossbred weanling barrows weighing 8.0 kg (SE = 0.13) were assigned to one of eight groups (five pigs per group) based on BW and litter. Groups were allotted to one of two lighting schedules: 8 h light:16 h darkness or 23 h light:1 h darkness. Each group was housed in a climate respiration chamber. Piglets had ad libitum access to feed and water. Energy and nitrogen balances, heat production, ADFI, and ADG were measured weekly. Heat production, energy metabolism, and performance were unaffected (P > 0.10) by photoperiod during wk 1. However, in the 2nd wk ADFI (418 vs 302 g/d) and ADG (381 vs 240 g/d) were higher (P < 0.05 and P = 0.05, respectively) for pigs on the 23:1 h lighting schedule than for those on the 8:16 h schedule. Furthermore, heat production (P < 0.10), total energy retention, and energy retained as protein and as fat were higher (P < 0.05) during wk 2 in pigs on the 23:1 h lighting schedule (8, 125, 41, and 350%, respectively) than in those on the 8:16 h schedule. Moreover, metabolizability of energy tended to be higher (P < 0.10) and energy requirements for maintenance were lower (P < 0.05) during wk 2 for pigs on the 23:1 h schedule compared with those on the 8:16 h schedule (P < 0.10). In conclusion, exposing pigs to a longer period of light after weaning stimulated ADFI and ADG. In addition to the feed intake, the high ADG is due to an improved metabolizability of energy and a reduced energy requirement for maintenance. This study suggests that lighting schedule can be used as a tool to stimulate feed intake after weaning.  相似文献   

The weakest link: medroxyprogesterone acetate in pig feed     

van Leengoed L  Kluivers M  Herbes R  Langendijk P  Stephany R  van den Berg M  Seinen W  Grinwis G  van der Lugt J  Meulders F  Geudeke T  Verheijden J 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2002,127(17):516-519

Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA)-contaminated feed arrested the onset of farrowing, and induced post-lactational anoestrus in sows. Sixty percent of the sows developed cystic ovaries after weaning following exposure to pharmaceutical waste of MPA in glucose syrup. This waste ended up in acidified feed of by-products of a sow farm, and proved to be the cause of the disorders. Analysis by thin layer chromatography and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry of renal fat from 10 slaughter sows demonstrated residues of 2.5-8 ppb of MPA. Within the European Union use of MPA is illegal as growth promoter in production animals, and therefore MPA-exposed farms were placed under official control by the general inspection service. Clinical signs and diagnostic procedures of the initial case are presented and the role of the veterinary practitioner in detecting potential food safety hazards is discussed.  相似文献   

Portal hypertension in a dog due to circumscribed fibrosis of the wall of the extrahepatic portal vein     

Szatmári V  van den Ingh TS  Fenyves B  Sótonyi P  Kótai I  Petrási Z  Vörös K 《The Veterinary record》2002,150(19):602-605

A two-and-a-half-year-old German shepherd dog with ascites and a high concentration of blood ammonia was investigated. Sonographically, its liver was normal but the portal vein was dilated and the flow of blood within it was slow. A liver biopsy showed that the liver was normal, and did not reveal any possible cause of portal hypertension or ascites. Postmortem, the cranial part of the portal vein was dilated with a cross-striped internal surface, but the caudal part looked normal; there was a stenotic ring between the normal and dilated parts. Histology of the dilated segment revealed marked hypertrophy of both the internal circular and the external longitudinal smooth muscle layers. At the site of the stenosis, the longitudinal muscular layer was replaced by connective tissue. Circumscribed fibrosis in the wall of the portal vein was responsible for the stenosis and the subsequent prehepatic portal hypertension. The cross-striped pattern in the dilated part of the vein was the result of hypertrophy of the inner circular smooth muscle layer.  相似文献