Effects of predator-induced visual and olfactory cues on 0+ perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) foraging behaviour     

V. N. Mikheev  J. Wanzenböck  A. F. Pasternak 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2006,15(2):111-117

Abstract –  Foraging juvenile fish with relatively high food demands are usually vulnerable to various aquatic and avian predators. To compromise between foraging and antipredator activity, they need exact and reliable information about current predation risk. Among direct predator-induced cues, visual and olfactory signals are considered to be most important. Food intake rates and prey-size selectivity of laboratory-reared, naive young-of-the-year (YOY) perch, Perca fluviatilis , were studied in experiments with Daphnia magna of two size classes: 2.8 and 1.3 mm as prey and northern pike, Esox lucius , as predator. Neither total intake rate nor prey-size selectivity was modified by predator kairomones alone (water from an aquarium with a pike was pumped into the test aquaria) under daylight conditions. Visual presentation of pike reduced total food intake by perch. This effect was significantly more pronounced (synergistic) when visual and olfactory cues were presented simultaneously to foraging perch. Moreover, the combination of cues caused a significant shift in prey-size selection, expressed as a reduced proportion of large prey in the diet. Our observations demonstrate that predator-induced olfactory cues alone are less important modifiers of the feeding behaviour of naive YOY perch than visual cues under daylight conditions. However, pike odour acts as a modulatory stimulus enhancing the effects of visual cues, which trigger an innate response in perch.  相似文献   

几种除草剂药液表面张力、叶面接触角与药效的相关性研究   总被引：11，自引：6，他引：11  

卢向阳  徐筠  陈莉 《农药学学报》2002,4(3):67-71

在除草剂氟磺胺草醚、灭草松和精喹禾灵药液中添加不同浓度的喷雾助剂ABS(十二烷基苯磺酸钠)和JFC ,以温室盆栽法测得各处理抑制杂草的效果,结果表明,在多数情况下添加喷雾助剂可使3种供试除草剂的药效显著提高。  相似文献   

抗鸡传染性喉气管炎重组鸡痘病毒基因工程疫苗同居感染试验   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王云峰  智海东  王玫  孙永科  仇华吉  周艳君  田志军  张绍杰  童光志 《中国预防兽医学报》2004,26(1):51-54

疫苗的接触传播是疫苗免疫接种需要考虑的重要因素,为了检测重组鸡痘病毒载体疫苗水平传播的能力,对隔离条件下饲养的SPF鸡用重组鸡痘病毒基因工程疫苗接种,同时设立非免疫对照鸡,饲养期间特意延长清粪时间以增加感染的机会,1个月之后攻击传染性喉气管炎WG株强毒和鸡痘102株强毒,疫苗免疫鸡全部获得保护,而非免疫鸡则全部发病.在试验动物饲养场的自然条件下,将免疫鸡和试验对照两组鸡饲养在同一个鸡舍内,让疫苗毒的传播更接近自然条件.在每个月的攻毒试验中,对照鸡都没有获得对鸡痘和传染性喉气管炎强毒的保护.在疫苗免疫期间进行连续5个月的跟踪检测,同居未免疫鸡没有检测到抗传染性喉气管炎病毒gB抗体.这些实验结果表明抗鸡传染性喉气管炎重组鸡痘病毒基因工程疫苗不能通过接触传播.  相似文献   

Being exposed to low concentrations of pirimiphos-methyl and chlorfenapyr has detrimental effects on the mobility of Trogoderma granarium     

Nickolas G. Kavallieratos  Maria C. Boukouvala  Artemis Phoebe A. Pappa  Angelo Canale  Giovanni Benelli 《Pest management science》2023,79(12):5230-5236

BACKGROUND

Sublethal effects of insecticides may negatively affect several biological and behavioral traits of insects. The lethal effects of pirimiphos-methyl and chlorfenapyr have been previously showed on Trogoderma granarium, but little knowledge is available about their sublethal effects at low concentrations on both sexes. Herein, the sublethal effects of pirimiphos-methyl and chlorfenapyr on the mobility of T. granarium males and females were investigated.

RESULTS

Lethal concentration (LC) values of pirimiphos-methyl and chlorfenapyr were lower for T. granarium females than males. LC values on males were LC₁₀ = 0.000788 and 0.00139 mg active ingredient (a.i.) cm⁻², LC₃₀ = 0.00350 and 0.00535 mg a.i. cm⁻², and LC₅₀ = 0.00986 and 0.0136 mg a.i. cm⁻² for pirimiphos-methyl and chlorfenapyr respectively. LC on females were LC₁₀ = 0.000704 and 0.00110 mg a.i. cm⁻², LC₃₀ = 0.00323 and 0.00428 mg a.i. cm⁻², and LC₅₀ = 0.00925 and 0.0110 mg a.i. cm⁻² for pirimiphos-methyl and chlorfenapyr respectively. The walking duration of beetles exposed to LC₃₀ of pirimiphos-methyl was significantly lower than the individuals exposed to LC₁₀ and LC₃₀ of both insecticides and control ones. Pirimiphos-methyl LC₃₀-exposed males remained more time on their back (101.7 s) than females (46.9 s), while the latter stayed immobile longer than males (381.7 s versus 371.9 s). The highest speed was recorded for control beetles (14.17 mm s⁻¹ females vs. 12.44 mm s⁻¹ males), while the lowest speed was observed in pirimiphos-methyl LC₃₀-treated males (8.36 mm s⁻¹) and females (9.66 mm s⁻¹).

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, males and females exposed to low concentrations of pirimiphos-methyl and chlorfenapyr showed reduced motility. This knowledge can be exploited further to unlock behavioral effects of insecticides for effective pest management programs in warehouses. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.  相似文献   

砌石拱坝加高倍厚的三维接触仿真     

张社荣  蔡胜利  陈敏岩  黄昌清 《中国农村水利水电》2005,(4):86-89

对砌石拱坝的加高倍厚中新、老坝体结构面，用有限元软件ANSYS结合接触理论进行计算，并分析结果得出：温升、水压力和淤沙压力使结合面上的接触压力增大，从而接触摩擦应力较大，有利于结合面的结合，而结合面在温降的作用下有脱离的趋势。  相似文献   

Application of Multivector Algebra in Real Space-time to Set Pair Analysis     

DUAN Shao-guang 《保鲜与加工》2004,(11):66-70

The contact number is an important mathematical tool of systems theory and methods in the monograph Set Pair Analysis and Its Preliminary Applications written by Zhao Keqin for unitizedly processing the uncertainties due to the fuzzy, stochastic, intermediate and information uncomplete about something. The article applies the multivector algebra which is isomorphism with the real Dirac algebra in the real space-time adopted by Venzo de Sabbata to the contact number of set pair analysis, and consequently, the contact number is generalized correspondingly.  相似文献   

Optimization of Worm Gearing''s Geometric Parameters Under the Condition of the Errors and the Load     

XU Wu-jiao  QIN Da-tong  SHI Wan-kai ongqing  Chin 《保鲜与加工》2004,(4):24

  相似文献   

Coupled Thermo-Elastic Contact Finite Element Method and It''s Application in Gearing     

Li Runfang Li Yusheng 《保鲜与加工》1993,(1):96-101

A new finite element method is presented in this paper to analyze the thermo- elastic contact problem with heat input on meshing tooth faces. The computational model of meshing gear has been established and the frictional heat input on meshing tooth faces is estimated. In addition, 2-D finite element analysis program for this kind of problem is listed. The test and practical examples are given to show the validity and versatility of this method.  相似文献   

永磁电机转子的接触有限元分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李殿起  赵清  姜彤 《农机化研究》2004,(3):77-78,81

应用大型有限元分析软件ANSYS，对永磁电机转子中永磁体和转子铁心的接触非线性状态，进行了三维有限元分析，得出了永磁电机转子的应力分布情况。结果表明：该结构转子的机械强度和刚度可满足电机最高转速时的机械性能要求，可以保证电机的安全运行。此分析求解过程也为类似的接触有限元分析提供了参考。  相似文献   

石菖蒲提取物对玉米象的驱避和触杀作用   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

姚英娟  杨长举  薛东 《华中农业大学学报》2006,25(6):614-617

测定了石菖蒲4种溶剂提取物对玉米象成虫的驱避和触杀作用。结果表明:石菖蒲的4种溶剂提取物对玉米象成虫均有很好的驱避效果,60 h驱避等级均达到Ⅲ和Ⅳ级。4种溶剂的提取物均对玉米象成虫有明显的触杀作用,毒力回归方程及LC50分别为:无水乙醇提取物:y=4.37 2.13x,1.97 mg/cm2;丙酮提取物:y=4.53 1.42x,2.14 mg/cm2;乙酸乙脂提取物:y=4.52 2.10x,1.69 mg/cm2;石油醚提取物:y=4.23 2.32x,2.15 mg/cm2。  相似文献