滇中岩溶高原滇青冈原生林植物水分利用来源的稳定同位素分析     

朱秀勤  范弢  官威  覃娜 《浙江林学院学报》2014,(5):690-696

为阐明滇中岩溶高原滇青冈Cyclobalanopsis glaucoides原生林植物水分利用机理及其对岩溶干旱生境的适应策略,运用氧稳定同位素技术,分析了滇青冈,云南木樨揽Olea yue nnanensis,清香木Pistacia weinmannifolia等3种不同年龄阶段常见优势木琴植物小枝木质部水分及土壤水、表层岩溶带水氧同位素值的相关性,确定植物水分来源,并通过IsoSource模型计算不同潜在水源对滇青冈原生林的贡献。结果表明：滇青冈及其伴生的乔木水分利用层位及利用比例呈现时空差异,并形成明显的水分竞争关系。旱季,滇青冈、成熟云南木樨揽、幼龄清香木主要利用55～115 cm深层土壤水,成熟的滇青冈和清香木对表层岩溶带水利用比例增加。雨季,成熟的滇青冈、云南木樨揽、清香木和幼龄清香木因大气降水对浅表层土壤的补给主要利用20-55cm土壤水,利用比例分别为100％,33．3％,66．0％,37．4％,幼龄植株对表层岩溶带水的利用比例大于成熟植株。图2参23  相似文献   

北京紫竹院公园早园竹叶螨及蚜虫综合治理技术研究     

范卓敏  宋宇  赵钰 《世界竹藤通讯》2014,(4):19-22

对北京市紫竹院公园早园竹林叶螨及蚜虫的综合防治技术进行了研究。结果显示,竹林密度和通风条件影响害虫的发生情况;施用低毒高效的生物药剂可有效控制害虫的蔓延;保护利用天敌可有效控制害虫的发生;竹林害虫的防治宜采取化学防治和生物防治相结合的综合防治措施。  相似文献   

珠江公园植物造景分析     

毕胭  翁奕城 《福建林业科技》2014,(4)

概述了珠江公园不同环境中植物造景的主要特征,分析了该公园植物构成的点、线、面空间形态在景观塑造中的作用,指出公园植物造景应从空间塑造和游人感受的角度出发,综合运用形式美的法则,使塑造的植物景观符合环境的空间特性并具有形式上的美感。  相似文献   

滇中地区何首乌野生生境调查初报     

鲁菊芬  周建英  陈建  郭乔仪  何祥 《江西农业学报》2014,(7):35-38

对滇中地区9县(市)16个点野生何首乌的生境进行了调查。结果表明:何首乌广泛分布于滇中地区海拔1400~2100 m及光照强度5000~10000 lx的疏林、灌木丛或路边、田边、土坎上;适于生长在光照充足、空气湿度较大、土壤有机质含量高、质地疏松、保水和排水性良好、土层深厚、微酸到中性的壤土或砂壤土上;稀疏灌木林伴生能保障何首乌正常生长对光照的需求。  相似文献   

中国与中亚农产品贸易影响因素分析     

王淑漪  梁丹辉  李志强  李婷婷 《农业展望》2014,(12):65-69

随着中国与中亚五国的经贸合作日益密切,农业合作逐渐成为双边和多边合作的重点。运用修正的引力模型,通过需求因素、供给因素与贸易阻力因素,对中国与中亚农产品贸易的影响因素进行分析。研究表明,中国国内因素、中亚五国经济发展水平与国民购买力一定程度上促进了中国与中亚之间的农产品贸易;农产品的易腐性、鲜活性等特点决定了运输距离对农产品贸易具有显著的负向影响;中国对中亚五国的技术援助决定了农产品贸易额与两国关系紧密度呈负相关。  相似文献   

Residential movements of top predators in Chile’s most isolated marine protected area: Implications for the conservation of the Galapagos shark,Carcharhinus galapagensis,and the yellowtail amberjack,Seriola lalandi     

Naití A. Morales  Maike Heidemeyer  Robert Bauer  Sebastian Hernández  Enzo Acuña  Simon Jan van Gennip  Alan M. Friedlander  Carlos F. Gaymer 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2021,31(2):340-355

1. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are becoming a widely used tool for the conservation of biodiversity and for fishery management; however, most of these areas are designed without prior knowledge of the basic ecological aspects of the species that they are trying to protect.
2. This study investigated the movement of two top predators: the Galapagos shark, Carcharhinus galapagensis, and the yellowtail amberjack, Seriola lalandi, in and around the Motu Motiro Hiva Marine Park (MMHMP) using MiniPAT satellite tags to determine the effectiveness of this MPA for the protection of these species.
3. The Galapagos sharks (n = 4) spent most of their tag deployment periods inside the MMHMP. However, high intraspecific variability was observed in their movement dynamics. Daily individual maximum movements ranged from 17 to 58 km and the maximum distance from Salas y Gómez Island, the only emergent island within the MMHMP, ranged from 31 to 139 km.
4. The maximum linear distance travelled for a female juvenile Galapagos shark (152 cm total length) was 236 km, which is greater than the maximum distance previously documented for juveniles of this species (<50 km).
5. For the yellowtail amberjack (n = 1), 91% of the satellite geolocations were within the MMHMP, with a maximum daily distance travelled of 6 km. The maximum distance travelled between points was 111 km and the maximum distance from Salas y Gómez Island was 62 km.
6. All archival tagged fish spent most of their time at depths of <50 m and never left the epipelagic zone. Daytime versus night-time differences were pronounced in all individuals but showed high interindividual variability.
7. This study provides a baseline on the movement of these two top predators in the MMHMP and provides valuable insights for the creation of MPAs in the region and elsewhere.

  相似文献   

Genetic structure of Orbicella faveolata population reveals high connectivity among a marine protected area and Varadero Reef in the Colombian Caribbean     

Angela Alegría-Ortega  María José Sanín-Pérez  Lizette Irene Quan-Young  Mario H. Londoño-Mesa 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2021,31(4):764-776

1. The protection of ecosystems with high diversity, such as coral reefs, is not an approach that guarantees their conservation. Thus, maintaining connectivity among coral populations over the long term is a strategy that should be adopted in order to protect diversity and ecological processes. Although coral reefs in Colombia are highly diverse, the population genetics baseline data of keystone species such as Orbicella faveolata are limited.
2. To provide current information about the connectivity between populations of O. faveolata in the Colombian Caribbean, the genetic diversity and distribution of O. faveolata was evaluated with analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), principal components, and migration estimations using 113 genets distributed in six populations. Also, a genetic structure analysis that included the available data for the Caribbean population was conducted, seeking to understand how the Colombian populations relate to the broader region.
3. According to the global fixation index (F_ST) for the Colombian Caribbean, there was no genetic structure (F_ST = 0.002). Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) showed that Corales del Rosario Archipelago (CR), Este de Isla Fuerte (EIF), San Bernardo Archipelago (SB), and Varadero Reef (VR) were grouped with Oeste de Isla Fuerte (OIF), with Bushnell (BS) representing the most divergent cluster. Migration analysis showed relatively high migration from VR to CR and SB, highlighting the importance of VR as a genetic reservoir for the region. Structure analysis showed that the Colombian population presented a specific genetic identity (F_ST = 0.254), suggesting that the Colombian Caribbean population could be a peripheral population that contributes significantly to genetic variation and is connected through a complex connectivity process.
4. In conclusion, the estimated genetic connectivity reflects the influence of sea surface dynamics over the interpopulation exchange dynamics and the role of protected and nonprotected coral reef in the Colombian Caribbean. Thus, the Colombian Caribbean population of O. faveolata could be relevant to the conservation of genetic diversity on a larger scale.

  相似文献   

Biodiversity conservation in human-modified landscapes of Mesoamerica: Past, present and future   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Fabrice A.J. DeClerck  Robin Chazdon  Jeffrey C. Milder  Alejandra Martinez-Salinas 《Biological conservation》2010,143(10):2301-2313

Mesoamerica provides a unique context for biodiversity conservation in managed landscapes because of its geography, history of human intervention, and present conservation and development initiatives. The long and narrow form of the Mesoamerican landmass, and its division by a central mountain range, has served as both a bridge and a barrier. Conservation efforts in Mesoamerica are unique for the emphasis they place on regional connectivity through the Mesoamerican Biological Corridor and on biodiversity conservation in managed landscapes. The emphasis on conservation in agricultural systems has fostered innovations in payment for ecosystem services, and provides novel insights on the functional role that biodiversity plays in the provisioning of ecosystem services. The increasing rate of economic development in the region and the advent of new payment for ecosystem service schemes have provided new opportunities for forest regeneration and restoration. However, the small scale of private landholdings and the diversity of land uses featured in the region, while contributing to biodiversity conservation due to their structural and floristic complexity, present challenges for biodiversity monitoring and management.  相似文献   

基于响应面分析方法的氧化乐果降解条件优化     

邓安生  黎小军 《安徽农业科学》2010,38(11):6015-6016,6022

[目的]采用响应曲面法对影响氧化乐果降解的因素进行优化。[方法]选取5个因素pH值（A）、接种量（B）、装液量（C）、温度（D）和摇床转速（E）的最佳水平范围进行研究。通过对二次多项回归方程求解获得氧化乐果降解的最佳条件。[结果]氧化乐果降解的优化条件为：pH值7.10,接种量9.46%,装液量86.38ml,培养温度30.25℃和摇床转速165.32r/min。在此最优条件下,氧化乐果的降解率最大,响应预测值为71.78%,验证值为71.40%。[结论]该研究为降低氧化乐果对动物体的危害提供科学依据。  相似文献   

风景名胜区“景中村”景观整治探讨——以杭州市西湖风景名胜区内村庄为例     

韩宁  马军山  卫立群 《农业科技与信息》2011,(3)

随着近年来国家大力进行新农村建设,农村发展得到了前所未有的重视。而景中村作为处于风景名胜区中比较特殊的村落,它不仅具有一般农村的特点,更重要的是它还直接影响着风景名胜区的整体发展,因此显得十分重要。本文将以杭州西湖风景名胜区中的三个具有代表性的景中村为例,对景中村景观整治模式进行探讨。  相似文献