Effects of water exchange regimes on growth, survival and shell normality of the hatchery reared juvenile spotted babylon (Babylonia areolata Link 1807) in a recirculating seawater system     

S. Kritsanapuntu  N. Chaitanawisuti  W. Santhaweesuk  S. Y. Natsukari 《Aquaculture International》2006,14(6):587-594

Growth, survival and shell normality of hatchery reared juvenile Babylonia areolata were examined at four water exchange regimes of 0, 15, 30 and 60 day intervals in a recirculating seawater system over a 120 day experimental period. Higher body weight gains and shell length increments were observed in snails held at water exchange of 15 day intervals, especially when compared with those held at water exchange of 60 and 0 day intervals (P < 0.05). Water exchange affected the final survival of B. areolata. At the end of the experiment, final survival rates were 65.47 ± 0.66%, 87.48 ± 0.67%, 86.34 ± 0.92% and 78.50 ± 3.26% for snails held in the water exchange treatments of 0, 15, 30, and 60 day intervals, respectively, and those of shell abnormality were 97.65 ± 1.04%, 93.09 ± 2.34%, 97.08 ± 1.18% and 96.71 ± 1.84%, respectively. The present study concluded that water exchange regimes of the recirculating system influenced growth, survival, shell normality and water quality of the recirculating culture system for this species.  相似文献   

Growth and performance of Penaeus semisulcatus (de Haan) fed with two commercial shrimp feeds     

Abdul Aziz Al-Ameeri  Emmanuel M Cruz  & T Al-Sharrah 《Aquaculture Research》2006,37(15):1507-1515

Two feeding trials were conducted in two stages to compare growth and performance, grow‐out (1–9 g b.w.) and fattening (13–19 g b.w.), of Penaeus semisulcatus. Shrimps were fed with two commercial feeds: P. monodon feed and P. japonicus feed. Both experiments were conducted using an indoor flow‐through tank culture system. The results reveal that the growth performance of shrimp fed with P. japonicus feeds (0.91 g shrimp^?1 week^?1) for the grow‐out stage was significantly better than shrimp fed with P. monodon feeds (0.63 g shrimp^?1 week^?1). The growth performance of shrimp fed with P. monodon feed (0.56 g shrimp^?1 week^?1) for the fattening stage was significantly better than shrimp fed with P. japonicus feed (0.42 g shrimp^?1 week^?1). The feed conversion ratios of both diets for the two sizes did not differ significantly. Thus, it is recommended that P. japonicus feeds be fed to P. semisulcatus during the grow‐out stage. During the fattening stage, the better growth performance of the shrimp fed with P. monodon feed makes it a better feed. However, colour and overall acceptability of shrimp fed with P. japonicus feed were generally higher than those fed with P. monodon feed.  相似文献   

Decadal-scale variability in the Kuroshio marine ecosystem in winter   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Kaoru Nakata  Kiyotaka Hidaka 《Fisheries Oceanography》2003,12(4-5):234-244

  相似文献   

The effects of shore‐based diamond‐diving on intertidal and subtidal biological communities and rock lobsters in southern Namibia     

Andrea Pulfrich  Colleen A. Parkins  George M. Branch 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2003,13(3):233-255

  相似文献   

Patterns of population variability in marine fish stocks   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

PAUL D. SPENCER  & JEREMY S. COLLIE 《Fisheries Oceanography》1997,6(3):188-204

Exploited marine fish and invertebrate stocks fluctuate in a myriad of complex patterns, exhibiting variability on interannual, decadal, and longer time scales. To characterize various patterns of variation, time series of catch, catch per unit effort, or biomass from 30 stocks were examined with a variety of statistical methods including autocorrelation analysis and Lowess smoothing. A hierarchical cluster analysis classified the stocks into six identifiable groups: steady-state; low-variation, low-frequency; cyclic; irregular; high-variation, high-frequency; and spasmodic. The observed patterns are consistent with life history traits; for example, stocks with high variability are generally small, pelagic species whereas low-variability stocks are generally slow-growing, demersal fish. Each of the six general patterns of variability can be produced from a simple multiple-equilibrium population model by varying the intrinsic rate of population growth, and the time scale and amplitude of environmental variability. Suitable management policies depend on the type of variation observed, and the vast majority of stocks examined do not correspond to the steady-state assumptions of classical fisheries models. For example, management of spasmodic stocks may alternate between periods of active exploitation and periods of rebuilding, a process enhanced by the existence of alternative fisheries.  相似文献   

Effect of feeding schedule on growth of rainbow trout     

Timo Mäkinen 《Aquaculture International》1993,1(2):124-136

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings were reared for 2 months under one of two different feeding regimes (one and two diurnal peaks) and under a constant feeding regime as a control in order to find out if it is possible to fit the feeding to the assumed circadian rhythm. The differences in the specific growth rates observed between the different feeding treatments were not significant, but the tank-effect and the effect of the genetic background of the fish were highly significant. The conclusion that no beneficial effects are achievable through alteration of the feeding regime and the significance of a possible genotype-feeding-regime interaction are discussed.  相似文献   

North–south contrasts in decadal scale variations in lower trophic-level ecosystems in the Japan Sea     

S. CHIBA  Y. HIROTA  S. HASEGAWA  T. SAINO 《Fisheries Oceanography》2005,14(6):401-412

Regional comparisons of interannual variations in springtime lower trophic-level ecosystems were made for northern subarctic regions, and for southern Tsushima Current regions of the Japan Sea, based on archival hydrographic and biological data sets collected from the mid-1960s to the early 1990s. Variations related to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation were detected for plankton biomass in both northern and southern regions, although there were regional differences with respect to mechanisms and timing. Springtime stratification increased after the late 1970s in the north, roughly coinciding with the northern Pacific regime shift in 1976/77. Stratification also increased due to warming in the south in the early 1980s, several years after the 1976/77 regime shift. Responding to the increase in stratification, springtime biomass of phytoplankton and zooplankton increased in the north and decreased in the south. Principal component analysis revealed that hydrographic conditions during spring, rather than winter, determined springtime phytoplankton biomass. In northern regions, spring phytoplankton production may be enhanced by increased light availability, due to mixed layer stabilization. In the south, where background nutrient concentration within the water column was low, increases in stratification were likely to limit nutrient supply to the surface layer, resulting in decreases in phytoplankton production. A positive relationship between phytoplankton and zooplankton biomass suggested bottom-up control of secondary production in northern regions. The nature of the links between phytoplankton and zooplankton production was not clear in southern regions, where hydrographic conditions during winter seemed to be responsible for variations in springtime secondary production.  相似文献   

Effect of season, light regime and diet on muscle composition and selected quality parameters in farmed Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua L.   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gro-Ingunn Hemre  Ørjan Karlsen  Karen Eckhoff  Kristoffer Tveit  ers Mangor-Jensen  & Grethe Rosenlund 《Aquaculture Research》2004,35(7):683-697

Effect of season and diet on muscle composition were evaluated in farmed Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.), fed varying levels of macro‐nutrients, and kept at two different light regimes during 1 year grow‐out in sea‐cages. The cod were fed seven different diets varying in protein, lipid and starch, in a mixture design. The diets spanned 4–20% starch, 8–26% lipid and 36–66% protein. Each dietary regime was subjected to two different light regimes: continuous light (24 h), or natural light (August 2001 to June 2002). Fish subjected to natural light started to mature in December/January and spawning was more or less completed during March/April. No maturation was registered in the continuous light groups at this point. No variation was found in muscle dry matter, protein or lipid concentration as a consequence of the dietary or light regime variations, except for the groups spawning in March. Glycogen varied from 1 to 6.5 mg g^?1 wet weight, without any correlation to the present dietary variations. At the June 2002 sampling all groups given a natural light regime showed almost twice the concentration of muscle glycogen compared with fish subjected to continuous light. Such clear results were not measured at the December or March samplings. Increased dietary lipid resulted in lowered muscle vitamin E concentration. A strong covariation between muscle vitamins C and E was found at all samplings, and these showed a negative correlation towards eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and the ratio n‐3/n‐6 in muscle. The highest dietary vitamin E resulted in the lowest muscle vitamin C concentrations. All dietary lipid added was identical and of marine origin; in addition, the wheat added as a starch source summed up parts of the dietary lipid fraction, resulting in slightly decreased sum of polyenes in the diets holding the highest levels of wheat. The lean cod muscle consists almost solely of membrane lipids. These were, however, highly influenced by the dietary lipid composition, especially as concerned the different monoenes. Two of the diets showed tendencies to increased thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS). This was not reflected in the muscle concentrations of vitamins E or C, and did not result in any changes in muscle TBARS values at any of the samplings, except for the fish spawning in March. The water‐soluble fraction of the muscle protein, pH range from 4.5 to 6, did show a difference in structure when comparing our experimental cod to wild cod. We could also identify a differential pattern between some of the experimental groups. The method used to identify this was, however, not quantitative, and further studies are needed. Taste panel evaluation and shear force measurements after final sampling in June concluded with minor differences between muscles from the different diet groups, except for fish given one diet with relatively high protein, intermediate lipid and low starch levels. Fish kept at continuous light was described as less firm (texture) compared with fish kept at natural light, explained partly by the different size of these two categories of fish. In conclusion, both diet and season (spawning or not) did influence several of the measured muscle parameters.  相似文献   

Decadal change in abundance of surface migratory myctophid fishes in the Kuroshio region from 1957 to 1994   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hikaru Watanabe  Kouichi Kawaguchi 《Fisheries Oceanography》2003,12(2):100-111

Decadal change in abundance of surface migratory myctophid fishes was examined in the Kuroshio region of the western North Pacific for the 35 yr from 1957 to 1994 in relation to the Kuroshio regime shift, indicated by changes in its transport volume and sea surface temperature in the early 1970s. Each year, samples were collected from the 0‐ to 1‐m depth layer at night, from January to March, at 83 stations on average. Ten species belonging to five genera occurred. Juveniles [standard length (SL) ≤ 40 mm] and adults (SL > 40 mm) of each species were analysed. In juveniles, Myctophum asperum, M. nitidulum, Symbolophorus evermanni and Centrobranchus brevirostris accounted for 91.1% of the total catch (7419 individuals), while M. nitidulum contributed 82.4% of the total adult catch (494 individuals). The abundance of juvenile S. evermanni, C. brevirostris and M. nitidulum showed prominent peaks in 1971, together with adult M. nitidulum. These peaks corresponded to extraordinarily high zooplankton abundance in the Kuroshio region in 1971, suggesting high recruitment success and low adult mortality in surface migratory myctophids. Smaller changes in abundance in other years were species‐specific, and the fluctuation patterns were mainly explained by year‐to‐year fluctuations in the strength of the Kuroshio and the geographical distribution of each species, i.e. an increased Kuroshio flow volume resulted in an increase in tropical species and a decrease in temperate species, but no change in the pan‐Kuroshio species.  相似文献   

并联光电跟踪平台建模与工作空间闭环控制     

李珂翔  张合 《农业机械学报》2014,45(3):293-298

针对某小型浮式并联光电跟踪平台体积小、负载惯量大的特点,提出了一种以少自由度并联机构为基础的改进型并联机构。推导了平台的系统雅可比矩阵,基于拉格朗日方法得到了平台的动力学模型。针对并联平台的内部耦合、参数不确定和干扰的问题,基于工作空间提出了一种带有干扰观测器的复合滑模控制策略。利用干扰观测器观测系统干扰,减小干扰上界,基于反步法设计了滑模控制器跟踪目标轨迹并进一步抑制未观测出的干扰。仿真和实验结果表明,提出的数学模型和控制策略使平台跟踪误差减小到±0.08°,为PID控制误差的14.5%,特别适用于并联平台等内部耦合及干扰较显著的场合。  相似文献