不同水分模式对山东茶园土壤氮素动态的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

于淑华  张丽霞  谢雪迎  韩晓阳 《水土保持学报》2021,35(4):289-298

以山东茶园土壤为研究对象,采用室内好气培养法,分析了恒定湿润和干湿交替模式下土壤氮素转化特征。结果表明:(1)至培养结束时,恒湿模式下60%WHC处理土壤净矿化量和净硝化量较高;脲酶和亚硝酸还原酶活性较强。20%WHC处理下土壤净矿化速率、净硝化速率严重受到抑制。(2)干湿交替模式下复水后土壤净矿化量、净硝化量以及酶活性得到增强,并出现"脉冲"式变化。(3)2种模式下氮素损失均为N_2O排放量大于NH_3挥发量。N_2O排放量与土壤含水量呈正比,NH_3挥发量与土壤含水量呈反比。干湿交替均增强土壤N_2O和NH_3排放量。(4)结构方程模型(SEM)揭示土壤含水量通过直接或间接作用影响土壤氮素转化(p0.001),脲酶显著影响恒湿模式下土壤氮素转化(p0.001),而亚硝酸还原酶在2种模式下均显著负影响氮素转化(p0.001)。研究结果有助于更好地调节茶园生态系统中土壤管理及氮肥的使用。  相似文献   

流量过程变化对黄河内蒙古河段鱼类影响初探          下载免费PDF全文

米玮洁  张舜  胡俊  高少波  胡菊香 《水生态学杂志》2024,45(1):42-49

通过分析黄河干流内蒙古河段水文流量过程的时空变化特征，研究黄河鱼类生态习性与径流组分的响应关系，探讨内蒙古河段流量过程变化对黄河鱼类生长的影响。选择月均流量、日均流量变幅、极端流量和脉冲延时4个水文情势指标，采用IHA-RVA（水文情势变化指标法-变化范围法）分析内蒙古河段水文情势的改变程度。黄河内蒙古河段枯期月均流量增加、最小日流量增加，有利于内蒙古河段的鱼类越冬。但是内蒙古河段月均流量过程坦化，降低了鱼类栖息地数量及多样性；最大流量出现时间明显改变，洪水脉冲刺激减弱均会影响鱼类繁殖行为；洪水持续时间缩短导致鱼类产卵栖息地减少、幼鱼食物来源减少，不利于幼鱼生长。黄河干流上游河段水利工程运行后，对内蒙古河段的水文情势产生了明显的影响，改变了该河段的生态水文联系过程。需要采取生态调度、栖息地恢复等手段优化水文情势过程，为促进黄河内蒙古河段的水生态保护提供支持。  相似文献   

Quantification and prediction of enteric methane emissions from Chinese lactating Holstein dairy cows fed diets with different dietary neutral detergent fiber/non-fibrous carbohydrate (NDF/NFC) ratios          下载免费PDF全文

DONG Li-feng  JIA Peng  LI Bin-chang  WANG Bei  YANG Chun-lei  LIU Zhi-hao  DIAO Qi-yu 《农业科学学报》2022,21(3):797-811

Methane (CH₄) emissions from ruminant production are a significant source of anthropogenic greenhouse gas production, but few studies have examined the enteric CH₄ emissions of lactating dairy cows under different feeding regimes in China.  This study aimed to investigate the influence of different dietary neutral detergent fiber/non-fibrous carbohydrate (NDF/NFC) ratios on production performance, nutrient digestibility, and CH₄ emissions for Holstein dairy cows at various stages of lactation. It evaluated the performance of CH₄ prediction equations developed using local dietary and milk production variables compared to previously published prediction equations developed in other production regimes.  For this purpose, 36 lactating cows were assigned to one of three treatments with differing dietary NDF/NFC ratios: low (NDF/NFC=1.19), medium (NDF/NFC=1.54), and high (NDF/NFC=1.68).  A modified acid-insoluble ash method was used to determine nutrient digestibility, while the sulfur hexafluoride technique was used to measure enteric CH₄ emissions.  The results showed that the dry matter (DM) intake of cows at the early, middle, and late stages of lactation decreased significantly (P<0.01) from 20.9 to 15.4 kg d^–1, 15.3 to 11.6 kg d^–1, and 16.4 to 15.0 kg d^–1, respectively, as dietary NDF/NFC ratios increased.  Across all three treatments, DM and gross energy (GE) digestibility values were the highest (P<0.05) for cows at the middle and late lactation stages.  Daily CH₄ emissions increased linearly (P<0.05), from 325.2 to 391.9 kg d^–1, 261.0 to 399.8 kg d^–1, and 241.8 to 390.6 kg d^–1, respectively, as dietary NDF/NFC ratios increased during the early, middle, and late stages of lactation.  CH₄ emissions expressed per unit of metabolic body weight, DM intake, NDF intake, or fat-corrected milk yield increased with increasing dietary NDF/NFC ratios.  In addition, CH₄ emissions expressed per unit of GE intake increased significantly (P<0.05), from 4.87 to 8.12%, 5.16 to 9.25%, and 5.06 to 8.17% respectively, as dietary NDF/NFC ratios increased during the early, middle, and late lactation stages.  The modelling results showed that the equation using DM intake as the single variable yielded a greater R2 than equations using other dietary or milk production variables.  When data obtained from each lactation stage were combined, DM intake remained a better predictor of CH₄ emissions (R²=0.786, P=0.026) than any other variables tested.  Compared to the prediction equations developed herein, previously published equations had a greater root mean square prediction error, reflecting their inability to predict CH₄ emissions for Chinese Holstein dairy cows accurately.  The quantification of CH₄ production by lactating dairy cows under Chinese production systems and the development of associated prediction equations will help  establish regional or national CH₄ inventories and improve mitigation approaches to dairy production.  相似文献