1961—2010年东北农作区春小麦需水量的时空变化特征     

姜雨林  尹小刚  王猛  文新亚  田家瑞  胡惠杰  陈阜 《中国农业大学学报》2015,20(5):24-30

利用东北农作区58个气象站点1961—2010年的逐日气象数据,基于Simulation of Evapotranspiration of Applied Water(SIMETAW)模型分析气候变化背景下东北农作区春小麦生育期内作物需水量(Crop evapotranspiration,ETc)和灌溉需要量(Evapotranspiration of applied water,ETaw),以及典型站点春小麦的灌溉需求指数(Irrigation demand index,IDI)的时空变化特征。结果表明:近50年来,东北农作区日平均温度呈显著上升趋势,平均降水量下降趋势不明显,平均太阳辐射及作物蒸散量呈显著下降趋势。春小麦生育期作物需水量和灌溉需要量呈下降趋势,其分布均表现为西多东少。50年来春小麦作物生育期需水量下降主要集中于松辽及兴安岭南部地区,东部地区变化趋势不明显;生育期灌溉需要量下降集中于松辽及兴安岭地区,三江平原地区略有增加,长白山地区多年保持平稳。  相似文献   

Study on Antiviral Effect of Polysaccharides from Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.on NDV in vitro     

ADELIJIANG Wusiman  DELIBAIER  NUERAILI Maitiniyazi  BUHELIQIANMU Yiming  SAIFUDING Abula 《中国畜牧兽医》2016,43(7):1869-1875

To research on polysaccharides from Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.against Newcastle disease virus (NDV).Total polysaccharide and four different solvent extractions of Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.were extracted by the methods of hot water extraction and ethanol precipition in this study.The content of polysaccharide was measured by phenol-sulfuric acid method and infrared spectroscopy method.The safe concentration and growth of chick embryo fibroblast (CEF) were assayed by MTT method,in order to facilitated the comparison under the same level,the safe concentration was united as 78.125 μg/mL.Under the safety range of concentration,detected the block-virus activity,anti-virus activity and virus-killing activity of polysaccharides through the ways of pre-adding polysaccharides,post-adding polysaccharides and adding polysaccharides with NDV.The results showed that the direct inactivation and propagation inhibition activity of total polysaccharide and four different solvent extractions were stronger than anti-absorption function.Anti-virus inhibition rate of 70%,80% gradient alcohol precipitation of polysaccharides from Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.(LSP₇₀,LSP₈₀) and total polysaccharide (LSP_t)were 40.41%,44.54% and 61.85%,virus-killing inhibition rate were 44.74%,58.76% and 59.38%.LSP₈₀ had the highest virus inhibition rate as 37.14% in the block-virus activity of those five polysaccharides.In summary,70%,80% gradient alcohol precipitation and total polysaccharide in polysaccharides possessed better activity and would be as the materials for further research.  相似文献   

Rapid mapping of candidate genes for cold tolerance in Oryza rufipogon Griff. by QTL-seq of seedlings     

Xiang-dong LUO  Jian LIU  Jun ZHAO  Liang-fang DAI  Ya-ling CHEN  Ling ZHANG  Fantao ZHANG  Biao-lin HU  Jian-kun XIE 《农业科学学报》2018,17(2):265-275

Cold stress is a major problem in rice production. To rapidly identify genes for cold tolerance in Dongxiang wild rice(DWR, Oryza rufipogon Griff.), sequencing-based bulked segregant analysis of QTL-seq method was used to resequence the extremely resistant(R) and susceptible(S) bulks of a backcross inbred lines(BILs) population(derived from Oryza sativa×O. rufipogon) and their parents. Single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP)-index graphs and corresponding Δ(SNPindex) graphs(at 99 and 95% confidence levels) for R-and S-bulks detected a total of 2 609 candidate SNPs, including 58 candidate cold-tolerance genes. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that 5 out of the 58 candidate genes had significant differences in expression between O. sativa and O. rufipogon. Structural variation and functional annotations of the 5 candidate genes were also analyzed, and allowed us to identify 2 insertion-deletion(InDel) markers(12-7 and 12-16) that were linked with candidate genes on chromosome 12 in DWR. These results are helpful for cloning and using cold tolerance genes from common wild rice in cultivated rice.  相似文献   

不同合成树脂工艺对改性材性能影响研究     

覃引鸾    李建章  李萍 《西北林学院学报》2021,36(4):198-203

为研究树脂对改性材性能的影响，采用2种不同工艺合成三聚氰胺-脲醛树脂（MUF），测试了树脂的相关性能。结果表明，不同合成工艺路线下制备的 MUF 树脂在固体含量、粘度、固化时间、游离甲醛含量间存在显著差异。最终树脂的分子结构类型相似性极高，但相同结构组分在不同树脂中所占比例各有差异。羟甲基基团在MUF2中所占比例高，而亚甲基桥键及醚键在MUF1中含量高。MUF1改性材的增重率（weight percent gain，WPG）值更大，但MUF2改性材的抗溶胀性（anti-swelling efficiency，ASE）和体积膨胀率（bulking rates，B）更高，MUF2改性材的尺寸稳定性更好。  相似文献   

Turbidity‐induced changes in emergent effects of multiple predators with different foraging strategies     

Matthew M. VanLandeghem  David H. Wahl 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2011,20(2):279-286

Abstract – In natural systems, prey frequently interact with multiple predators and the outcome often cannot be predicted by summing the effects of individual predator species. Multiple predator interactions can create emergent effects for prey, but how those change across environmental gradients is poorly understood. Turbidity is an environmental factor in aquatic systems that may influence multiple predator effects on prey. Interactions between a cruising predator (largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides) and an ambush predator (muskellunge Esox masquinongy) and their combination foraging on a shared prey (bluegill Lepomis macrochirus) were examined across a turbidity gradient. Turbidity modified multiple predator effects on prey. In clear water, combined predators consumed in total more prey than expected from individual predator treatments, suggesting risk enhancement for prey. In moderately turbid water, the predators consumed fewer prey together than expected, suggesting a risk reduction for prey. At high turbidity, there were no apparent emergent effects; however, the cruising predator consumed more prey than the ambush predator, suggesting an advantage for this predator. Understanding multiple predator traits across a gradient of turbidity increases our understanding of how complex natural systems function.  相似文献   

红素氧还蛋白研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李莹  柳参奎 《草业科学》2016,33(6):1118-1125

自然界中大多数的红素氧还蛋白(rubredoxin)集中来自严格厌氧菌,包括细菌、古菌和少数微需氧细菌,而植物中该类蛋白相对较少,它的功能主要表现在作为辅因子或电子供体参与多个生化途径。也有研究显示,无论是植物中还是微生物中的红素氧还蛋白基因在协助生物抵御氧化胁迫方面均发挥着重要的作用。本文全面介绍自然界中的红素氧还蛋白基因的分布、结构以及在微生物、植物中所发挥的作用等,希望能为今后的进一步研究提供参考。  相似文献   

水稻高产、优质和氮高效协同的氮素调控研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

殷春渊  王书玉  薛应征  刘贺梅  范永胜  孙建权  胡秀明  王和乐 《西北农业学报》2015,24(1):68-72

以超级粳稻‘新稻18号’为试验材料,大田条件下,研究不同施氮量(0、232.5、255.0、277.5、300.0、322.5和345.0kg/hm2纯氮水平)对水稻产量、品质及氮肥吸收利用效率的影响,以明确高产、优质和氮高效协同的适宜氮素水平。结果表明,随氮素水平提高,水稻产量、稻米品质和氮肥吸收利用效率均呈先增后降趋势。施氮量为255.0kg/hm2纯氮处理下,产量最高为9 878.11kg/hm2,稻米的糙米率、精米率和整精米率较高,分别为84.81%、72.85%和66.94%,垩白粒率和垩白度较低,分别10.00%和2.86%,氮肥吸收利用效率较高,为41.34%。低氮肥和高氮肥处理,产量、品质和氮肥利用效率相对较低。说明,在适宜的氮肥水平下,水稻高产、优质和氮高效可达到协同一致。  相似文献   

Nitrogen use efficiency of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) as influenced by wheat–cotton cropping systems     

《European Journal of Agronomy》2016

Wheat–cotton rotations largely increase crop yield and improve resources use efficiency, such as the radiation use efficiency. However, little information is available on the nitrogen (N) utilization and requirement of cotton under wheat–cotton rotations. This study was to determine the N uptake and use efficiency by evaluating the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) N use and the soil N balances, which will help to improve N resource management in wheat–cotton rotations. Field experiments were conducted during 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 growing seasons in the Yangtze River region in China. Two cotton cultivars (Siza 3, mid-late maturity with 130 days growth duration; CCRI 50, early maturity with 110 days growth duration) were planted under four cropping systems including monoculture cotton (MC), wheat/intercropped cotton (W/IC), wheat/transplanted cotton (W/TC) and wheat/direct-seeded cotton (W/DC). The N uptake and use efficiency of cotton were quantified under different cropping systems. The results showed that wheat–cotton rotations decreased the cotton N uptake through reducing the N accumulation rate and shortening the duration of fast N accumulation phase as compared to the monoculture cotton. Compared with MC, the N uptake of IC, TC and DC were decreased by 12.0%, 20.5% and 23.4% for Siza 3, respectively, and 7.3%, 10.7% and 17.6% for CCRI 50, respectively. Wheat–cotton rotations had a lower N harvest index as a consequence of the weaker sink capacity in the cotton plant caused by the delayed fruiting and boll formation. Wheat–cotton rotations used N inefficiently relative to the monoculture cotton, showing consistently lower level of the N agronomic use efficiency (NAE), N apparent recovery efficiency (NRE), N physiological efficiency (NPE) and N partial factor productivity (NPFP), particularly for DC. Relative to the mid–late maturity cultivar of Siza 3, the early maturity cultivar of CCRI 50 had higher N use efficiency in wheat–cotton rotations. An analysis of the crop N balance suggested that the high N excess in preceding wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in wheat–cotton rotations led to significantly higher N surpluses than the monoculture cotton. The N management for the cotton in wheat–cotton rotations should be improved by means of reducing the base fertilizer input and increasing the bloom application.  相似文献   

灌溉方式对大豆光合性状及土壤水分利用率的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张丽华  赵洪祥  谭国波  闫伟平  边少锋 《大豆科学》2012,31(4):613-616

设置均匀灌溉、固定隔沟灌溉、交替隔沟灌溉3种灌溉方式,分别在大豆开花期、结荚期和鼓粒期进行灌溉,每次单沟灌水量分为60、45和30 mm 3个水平,以不灌溉为对照,研究了灌溉方式对大豆光合特性的影响.结果表明:灌溉可极显著提高大豆叶片的光合速率和大豆产量,交替隔沟灌45 mm的R4期光合速率、产量与交替隔沟灌60 mm差异不显著,而且土壤水分利用效率最高,从节水增产增效角度分析,交替隔沟灌溉45 mm的灌溉方式最佳.  相似文献   

改良背主动脉注射法对鸡胚发育与转基因表达效率的影响     

韦金鱼  韦茏芹  徐小明  邢青波  肖艳宇  许梦缘  吴文德  李恭贺  郑喜邦 《中国畜牧杂志》2021,(2):191-195

背主动脉注射是生产转基因鸡的经典方法,该方法不需换壳培养,但壳内注射技术难度大,并且无法实时观察后期胚胎发育情况。本实验对背主动脉注射法进行了改进,将增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)腺相关病毒(Adeno-associated Virus,AAV)壳外注射至150枚HH 14~16期(Hamburger-Hamilton Stage 14~16)鸡胚背主动脉中,再进行换壳培养,继续孵化至出壳,观察和分析改良背主动脉注射法与传统背主动脉注射法和胚盘下腔注射法对发育8、14、18、21 d鸡胚存活率、孵化率以及EGFP阳性检出率的影响。结果表明:改良背主动脉注射组鸡胚存活率均高于传统背主动脉注射组与胚盘下腔注射组(P<0.05或P<0.01);改良背主动脉注射组的鸡胚孵化率(37%)高于传统背主动脉注射组(16%)与胚盘下腔注射组(28%)(P<0.01);荧光蛋白手电筒检测显示,改良背主动脉注射组鸡胚EGFP阳性率(17%)明显高于传统背主动脉注射组(13%)与胚盘下腔注射组(12%)(P<0.01)。综上,背主动脉壳外注射结合换壳培养提高了转基因鸡胚胎孵化率和EGFP阳性检出率,对提高转基因鸡效率具有重要价值。  相似文献