我国科研院所科技成果转化的关键点与驱动策略     

曹宜源 《农业科研经济管理》2023,(1):21-24

科技成果转化是落实“科学技术是第一生产力的关键”。在当前我国实施科教兴国战略、着力推动高质量发展的背景下,提升科技成果转化的数量、质量和转化速度具有重要的现实意义和长远的战略意义。文章针对我国科研院所的科技成果转化,从其关键点入手,重点分析了每一个关键点的现状与问题,并提出了相应的驱动策略,以期为我国科研院所科技成果的转化与加快实现市场化、商品化、产业化提供有益借鉴。  相似文献   

Assessing Repeated Oxalic Acid Vaporization in Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Colonies for Control of the Ectoparasitic Mite Varroa destructor     

Jennifer A Berry  Lewis J Bartlett  Selina Bruckner  Christian Baker  S Kris Braman  Keith S Delaplane  Geoffrey R Williams 《Journal of insect science (Online)》2022,22(1)

The American beekeeping industry continually experiences colony mortality with annual losses as high as 43%. A leading cause of this is the exotic, ectoparasitic mite, Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman (Mesostigmata: Varroidae). Integrated Pest Management (IPM) options are used to keep mite populations from reaching lethal levels, however, due to resistance and/or the lack of suitable treatment options, novel controls for reducing mites are warranted. Oxalic acid for controlling V. destructor has become a popular treatment regimen among commercial and backyard beekeepers. Applying vaporized oxalic acid inside a honey bee hive is a legal application method in the U.S., and results in the death of exposed mites. However, if mites are in the reproductive stage and therefore under the protective wax capping, oxalic acid is ineffective. One popular method of applying oxalic is vaporizing multiple times over several weeks to try and circumvent the problem of mites hiding in brood cells. By comparing against control colonies, we tested oxalic acid vaporization in colonies treated with seven applications separated by 5 d (35 d total). We tested in apiaries in Georgia and Alabama during 2019 and 2020, totaling 99 colonies. We found that adult honey bees Linnaeus (Hymenoptera: Apidae), and developing brood experienced no adverse impacts from the oxalic vaporization regime. However, we did not find evidence that frequent periodic application of oxalic during brood-rearing periods is capable of bringing V. destructor populations below treatment thresholds.  相似文献   

从乡村振兴视角谈科技特派员制度创新——以浙江省为例     

魏玲玲  童再康  罗黎敏  沈希 《浙江农业学报》2020,32(7):1311

乡村振兴战略的提出赋予科技特派员制度新的要求:产业振兴要求体系更完整,且有产业化更强的科技供给能力;文化振兴和生态振兴对科技特派员的人文和规划设计素养提出新需求;组织振兴和人才振兴赋予了科技特派员制度新使命。从政府和高校2个维度对科技特派员制度提出创新建议:拓宽振兴领域,打造科技特派员制度升级版;强化多方联动,激发科技特派员制度新动能;发挥高校优势,建设双师型科技特派员新队伍;推进劳动教育,挖掘科技特派员制度新功能。  相似文献   

中国工业大麻种业创新发展策略研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵浩含  陈继康  熊和平 《农业现代化研究》2020,41(5):765-771

工业大麻是重要的经济作物,中国是工业大麻生产和出口大国。然而,工业大麻种业发展滞后对我国工业大麻高质量发展提出严峻挑战的问题。本研究采用实地调研和文献综述的方法,分析了当前国内工业大麻种业的发展态势和存在的问题,探讨我国工业大麻种业创新发展路径。研究表明,我国工业大麻种业构建了全国行业标准和地方法律规范相结合的政策保障体系,推动了育种创新主体由公益性科研院所向企业转变,创建了以多用途为特色的育种技术体系,形成了良种区域化的种植格局和技术服务体系,奠定了该产业创新发展的基础。但缺乏国家层面或跨区域协同的工业大麻法规体系、育种繁种技术资源分散和低效率共存、面临国外种业知识产权布局先发优势挑战、商业化育种体系不完善等问题成为主要障碍。因此,提出了加快完善政策保障体系、培育多元育种体系、打造生产经营体系、构建国际合作体系,以期提升工业大麻种业创新发展能力。  相似文献   

Cultivation of Agaricus bitorquis mushroom as an strategy for the Integrated Pest Management of the myceliophagous mite Microdispus lambi     

María J Navarro  Francisco R Lpez‐Serrano  Lucía A Escudero‐Colomar  Francisco J Gea 《Pest management science》2020,76(9):2953-2958

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Management of yellow dwarf disease in Europe in a post‐neonicotinoid agriculture     

Louise Mc Namara  Kevin Gauthier  Lael Walsh  Gaël Thbaud  Michael Gaffney  Emmanuel Jacquot 《Pest management science》2020,76(7):2276-2285

Barley/cereal yellow dwarf viruses (YDVs) cause yellow dwarf disease (YDD), which is a continuous risk to cereals production worldwide. These viruses cause leaf yellowing and stunting, resulting in yield reductions of up to 80%. YDVs have been a consistent but low‐level problem in European cereal cultivation for the last three decades, mostly due to the availability of several effective insecticides (largely pyrethroids and more recently neonicotinoids) against aphid vectors. However, this has changed recently, with many insecticides being lost, culminating in a recent European Union (EU) regulation prohibiting outdoor use of the neonicotinoid‐insecticide compounds. This change is coupled with the growing challenge of insecticide‐resistant aphids, the lack of genetic resources against YDVs, and a knowledge deficit around the parameters responsible for the emergence and spread of YDD. This means that economic sustainability of cereal cultivation in several European countries including France and United Kingdom is now again threatened by this aphid‐vectored viral disease. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the YDV pathosystem, describe management options against YDD, analyse the impacts of the neonicotinoid ban in Europe, and consider future strategies to control YDV. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Fungal isolate and crop cultivar influence the beneficial effects of root inoculation with entomopathogenic fungi in strawberry     

Fernanda Canassa  Celeste P D'Alessandro  Sidcleide B Sousa  Clarice GB Demtrio  Nicolai V Meyling  Ingeborg Klingen  Italo Delalibera 《Pest management science》2020,76(4):1472-1482

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浅谈财政体制改革对农业与农村经济的影响          下载免费PDF全文

朱钇澜 《现代农业研究》2020,(5):32-33

财政体制改革对于国内经济持续稳定发展发挥着积极的作用,很大程度上推动了地方经济 建设。近几年来,党中央以及财务部等部门深入推进财政体制改革,重点推进税制改革,优化政府间 的事权与财权划分,发挥了发挥中央和地方两个积极性。本文主要对财政体制改革,对农业及农村经 济的影响进行了分析,并探讨了财政体制改革背景下促进农业及农村经济发展的策略。  相似文献   

乡村振兴战略视域下乡村生态文明建设的路径研究          下载免费PDF全文

骆育芳 《现代农业研究》2020,(3):53-55

乡村振兴战略是解决我国“三农”问题的一项重大战略决策,乡村生态文明建设是我国生态 文明建设的重要组成部分,乡村生态文明建设是乡村振兴战略的题中应有之义,因而,建设美丽乡村 是改善当前农村发展现状,致力于乡村振兴,实现人与自然和谐发展,不断满足乡村人民美好生活需 求的重要路径。  相似文献   

乡村振兴战略背景下岭南荔枝文化产业的创新性发展路径选择探究          下载免费PDF全文

林媚 《现代农业研究》2020,(4):1-3

本文基于乡村振兴战略背景下,探究岭南荔枝文化产业如何在现有的条件下抓住机遇实现 创新性发展。在整合现有创新性经验的基础上,进一步推进岭南荔枝文化产业的创新性路径探索,思 考岭南荔枝文化产业创新性发展过程中遇到的问题,处理好不同文化之间的关系,旨在为岭南荔枝文 化产业的转型发展寻找一条创新性道路。  相似文献