塔里木河流域灰叶胡杨种内竞争研究     

韩路  王海珍  周正立  李志军 《塔里木大学学报》2006,18(2):1-4

用Hegyi单木竞争指数模型对塔里木河流域的灰叶胡杨种内竞争进行了定量分析。结果表明:种内竞争强度随着林木径级、龄级的增大而逐渐减小;当灰叶胡杨胸高直径达到30 cm或龄级达120年以上时,竞争强度变化很小,种群结构基本稳定。竞争指数随着树冠面积、树高的变化呈现与径级、龄级类似的变化规律,表明树冠面积、树高可作为衡量竞争强度的参数。  相似文献   

高校品牌竞争优势及其法则     

谢祁 《河北农业大学学报(农林教育版)》2006,8(4):5-6,17

为增强学校的竞争实力,通过对高教市场特征的分析,阐明新形势下高校品牌竞争优势,并从校长领导、办学特色、品牌营销等方面选择相对竞争优势等策略,提出要以异分性为切入点树品牌形象、借鉴企业化经营管理模式改善学校教育管理的品牌市场竞争法则。  相似文献   

高等学校图书馆文献资源招标和竞价采购的利弊分析     

顾江洪  阚应波 《华南热带农业大学学报》2006,12(1):92-94

对高等学校图书馆文献资源实行招标和竞价采购的可行性、有利因素和不利结果进行阐述,提出加强高等学校文献采购的应对方法。  相似文献   

核桃细菌性疫病菌特性及其与核桃内生菌的竞争作用     

傅本重  邹路路 《中国果业信息》2019,48(1)

为了明确本实验室前期分离得到的一株核桃细菌性疫病菌Xaj DW3F3的相关特性及其与寄主内生菌的竞争能力。对该病原细菌进行了显微观察、生物膜形成测定,不同培养基上多糖和色素含量,以及18项生理生化指标测定。通过毛细管法和滴落法观察其趋化作用,并测试其与寄主内生菌的竞争能力。结果表明,病原菌DW3F3为杆状、极生鞭毛、有运动性并能形成生物膜。其在YPGA、King’B 和NA培养基上生长较好,产生多糖和色素较多。病原菌有较强的耐盐性,致死温度达60℃,对纤维素和淀粉都有较强的分解能力,对NaCl和寄主叶片表现出一定的趋性。在其与核桃叶部内生菌的共培养中表现出一定竞争优势。该病菌菌DW3F3有树生黄单胞菌核桃致病变种（Xanthomonas arboricola pv.juglandis,Xaj）的基本特征及致病相关特性,这些特征可能与其致病性强及病害难以控制有关。  相似文献   

花生栽野种间杂交异源多倍化早期世代基因表达变化分析     

高忠奎  熊发前  韩柱强  蒋菁  黄志鹏  唐秀梅  吴海宁  钟瑞春  刘菁  唐荣华  贺梁琼 《分子植物育种》2020,(6):1867-1875

为了进一步认识花生种间杂交异源多倍体进化过程中的基因表达变化规律,采用cDNA-HFO-TAG技术,研究花生种间杂交组合(四倍体栽培种‘仲恺花4号’×二倍体野生种Arachis. diogio)杂种F_1和早期多倍体世代S0~S3的基因表达变化情况。14条HFO-TAG引物共扩增出121条cDNA片段,其中差异片段84个,主要包括三种类型:亲本转录物完全沉默(3个),双亲转录物在后代部分材料中沉默(59个)和新转录物激活(22个),上述变化在F1代即开始发生。筛选其中大小为500~2 000 bp的35个TDFs进行克隆测序,有27个和NCBI数据库中已录入的基因具有较高的相似性,包括抗逆相关基因(10条)、未知功能蛋白基因(8条)、能量与代谢相关基因(7条)和转录因子相关的基因(2条)。这些研究结果进一步表明在花生种间杂交异源多倍化早期发生着快速、剧烈的基因表达变化,从中获得的差异基因片段,有助于了解花生属种间杂交异源多倍化早期分子机制变化,这对有效利用野生花生种质优异基因具有重要意义。cDNA-HFO-TAG技术简单、有效且实用,完全适用于花生属基因表达变化研究,可以作为花生属及其它物种基因表达变化分析技术的有效补充。  相似文献   

Influence of intra-row cruciferous surrogate weed growth on crop yield in organic spring cereals     

Bo Melander  Margaret R. McCollough 《Weed Research》2020,60(6):464-474

In Northern Europe, inter-row hoeing has become a popular tactic for controlling weeds in organic cereals. Hoeing is highly effective and can be implemented from crop emergence until stem elongation to maintain a nearly weed-free inter-row zone. However, hoeing has a lesser effect on weeds growing in the intra-row zone, where crop–weed proximity results in heightened competition. In the hoed cereal system, it is investigated whether tall-growing, competitive, cruciferous weeds in the intra-row zone affect crop biomass, yield and thousand kernel weight (TKW). An additive experimental design is employed to enable the fitting of rectangular hyperbolas, describing and quantifying the effects of increasing intra-row surrogate weed density on crop growth parameters. Regressions were studied under the influence of crop (spring barley and spring wheat), row spacing (narrow [12.5 or 15.0 cm] and wide [25.0 cm]) and nitrogen rate (50 and 100 kg NH₄-N/ha). Cruciferous surrogate weeds were found to impact crop yield and quality severely. For example, ten intra-row plants/m² of surrogate weed Sinapis alba reduced grains yields by 7%–14% in spring barley and by 7%–32% in spring wheat with yield losses becoming markedly greater in wheat compared to barley as weed density increases. Compared to wheat, barley limited yield and quality losses and suppressed intra-row weed growth more. Row spacing did not have a consistent effect on crop or weed parameters; in one of six experiments, the 25 cm row spacing reduced yields and increased intra-row weed biomass in wheat. Nitrogen rate did not affect crop or weed parameters. Results warrant the implementation of additional tactics to control intra-row weeds and limit crop losses.  相似文献   

Response of industrial hemp to Salsola kali subsp. tragus densities under organic and conventional fertilisation     

Mohammad Akrami-Dizaj  Vahid Sarabi 《Weed Research》2020,60(4):303-311

A 2-year field study was conducted to determine the effects of different nutrition systems and Salsola kali subsp. tragus densities on industrial hemp yield and its components. Experiments were conducted as a split plot in a randomised complete block design with three replicates. Factors were fertilisation (poultry manure, vermicompost and nitrogen fertiliser) as the main plot and weed density (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 plants/m²) as the subplot. Results indicated that the maximum number of racemes per plant, seeds per raceme, 1000-seed weight, biomass, grain yield and harvest index (HI) of industrial hemp were obtained using vermicompost and were reduced with nitrogen fertiliser application. All measured properties in hemp plants decreased due to increasing S. kali subsp. tragus density, especially at 15 and 20 plants/m². The most significant reduction in hemp grain yield and its components was observed by increasing weed density with the application of nitrogen fertiliser. The application of vermicompost at high weed densities resulted in greater hemp grain yield and its components compared with nitrogen fertiliser. It is recommended to apply organic fertilisers, especially vermicompost at high S. kali subsp. tragus densities.  相似文献   

AM真菌对加拿大一枝黄花与菌根植物和非菌根植物种间作用的影响     

吴沛鸿  邱雅静  张欣磊  苏秀  王小赛  王艳红 《植物保护学报》2020,47(2):312-323

为明确丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhizal,AM)真菌对加拿大一枝黄花Solidago canadensis与本地菌根植物和非菌根植物种间竞争格局的调控作用,采用温室盆栽试验,通过接种摩西球囊霉Glomus mosseae(GM)、根内球囊霉G. intraradices(GI)及其混合菌种(GM+GI)3种处理,分析AM真菌对加拿大一枝黄花与本地菌根植物玉米Zea mays和非菌根植物油菜Brassica campestris种间作用的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,接种AM真菌均显著提高了加拿大一枝黄花和玉米的菌根侵染率,菌根侵染率为13.720%～50.015%,且前者的菌根侵染率明显高于后者。单独种植时,与对照相比,接种AM真菌尤其是接种混合菌种显著提高了加拿大一枝黄花的株高、叶片数和总干重。在加拿大一枝黄花与玉米混合种植时,与单独种植相比,加拿大一枝黄花的株高、叶片数、根长和总干重均较低;同时,与对照相比,接种AM真菌显著提高了玉米的相对竞争强度而对加拿大一枝黄花的相对竞争强度没有显著影响。在加拿大一枝黄花和油菜混合种植时,与对照相比,接种AM真菌则显著提高了加拿大一枝黄花的株高、叶片数、净光合速率和总干重;同时,接种AM真菌促进了入侵种的竞争优势而抑制了非菌根植物油菜的生长。说明加拿大一枝黄花与本地种的竞争格局受到与之混生物种的菌根依赖性强度以及AM真菌的种类差异影响。  相似文献   

桂林岩溶石山青冈栎种内与种间竞争的数量关系   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

胡刚  梁士楚  张忠华  许为斌 《西北林学院学报》2007,22(5):32-36

根据野外调查数据,采用Hegyi单木竞争指数模型,定量地研究了桂林岩溶石山建群种青冈栎的种内、种间竞争关系.结果表明,青冈栎所受到的竞争强度随着林木径级的增大而逐渐减小,种内竞争明显较种间竞争剧烈.青冈栎种内和种间竞争强度的顺序为:青冈栎＞石山樟＞亮叶槭＞圆叶乌桕＞光叶海桐＞翅荚香槐＞梧桐＞黄连木＞铁屎米＞粗康柴.整个林分以及青冈栎种内对对象木的的竞争强度与对象木胸径之间的关系近似服从幂函数关系,而伴生树种对对象木的竞争强度与对象木胸径之间的关系近似服从对数函数关系,对象木胸径与竞争强度间呈显著负相关关系.  相似文献   

苏北麦田野燕麦与麦类作物生存竞争现象研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

钱希 《南京农业大学学报》1996,19(3):17-22

对苏北麦田野燕麦（ＡｖｅｕａｆａｔｎａＬ．）与麦类作物生存竞争现象的观察结果表明，混生在一起的麦类作物与野燕麦，在初始群体基本相同的公平竞争条件下，麦类作物的生存竞争能力超过野燕麦，两者的生存有竞争现象自分蘖开始时已出现；随着生育进程的推移日趋尖锐，至拔节抽穗期达到高峰，麦类作物的相对竞争力在出苗分蘖期是野燕麦的１～２倍，返青拔期是野燕麦２～３倍，至抽穗成熟期达到３～４倍。作者还发现，麦类作物在种  相似文献