微卫星DNA标记及其在检疫性实蝇种群遗传学中的研究应用          下载免费PDF全文

伍祎  李志红  康芬芬  杨定  吴佳教 《植物保护》2007,33(4):1-6

微卫星DNA是一种广泛用于种群遗传学研究的分子标记技术,具有共显性标记、反应速度快、重复性好和结果可靠等特点。本文在概述微卫星标记的原理、特点、位点筛选和引物设计的基础上,系统分析了该技术在检疫性实蝇(小条实蝇属、果实蝇属等)种群遗传关系中的研究与应用。  相似文献   

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Spongospora subterranea</Emphasis> soil contamination and its relationship to severity of powdery scab on potatoes     

Takato Nakayama  Mitsuo Horita  Tadayuki Shimanuki 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2007,73(4):229-234

We investigated soil contamination by Spongospora subterranea f. sp. subterranea (Sss) and disease severity of powdery scab in 29 potato fields in Hokkaido, Japan, using a hydroponic culture method with tomato seedlings as bait plants. The quantity of Sss infection on the roots of bait plants was evaluated using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and expressed in terms of the infection potential in the soil. The infection potential was positively correlated with the disease severity of harvested tubers, whereas the spore ball density determined using PCR had an indistinct relationship with disease severity. The infection potential can be useful in evaluating soil contamination and in applying countermeasures against powdery scab.  相似文献   

Management of nematodes and a stalk borer by increasing within-field sugarcane cultivar diversity   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

P. Cadet  S. D. Berry  G. W. Leslie  V. W. Spaull 《Plant pathology》2007,56(3):526-535

The aim of this study was to determine whether an increase in plant diversity could modify the structure of the nematode community in favour of less pathogenic species and whether it affected the lepidopteran stalk borer, Eldana saccharina . Four sugarcane cultivars were planted either singly or as a mixture in the furrow. Nematodes were enumerated when the crops were 6 months old for five successive 10 to 13 month old crop cycles. Results showed that the mixture of cultivars had little significant impact on the overall abundance of the plant-parasitic or free-living nematodes. However, the nematode community structure within the mixture was slightly different to that observed on any single cultivar planted on its own and there was a higher than expected proportion of Helicotylenchus dihystera during the first three crops. With successive crops and in all treatments, there was an overall trend of increasing proportions of Meloidogyne javanica in the nematode community. However, the way that the change in the species-balance occurred in the mixed cultivar plots suggested a resistance to the evolving dominance of M. javanica . These results showed that sugarcane cultivars interacted within the rhizosphere when planted in a mixture because the observed nematode community in the mixture differed from that expected. The level of damage caused by E. saccharina was slightly lower in the mixture than expected from the actual cultivar composition.  相似文献   

秀山县治理稻飞虱的植保工作实践与思考     

陈仕高  蒲正国  谢雪梅  朱明华  田茂仁  卢福刚 《中国植保导刊》2007,27(1):14-16

秀山县稻飞虱自20世纪60年代以来,上升为水稻最主要的害虫,成为全国稻飞虱常年重灾县之一。近年来通过深入研究和有效治理,其发生为害得到很好控制,形成重发生而最终造成的损失小。为此,笔者在总结治理经验的同时,对新时期稻飞虱的治理提出了建议。  相似文献   

枯草芽孢杆菌抗菌物质对镰刀菌抑制机理的镜下研究   总被引：18，自引：1，他引：17  

孔建  河野满 《植物病理学报》1998,28(4):337-340

 将枯草芽孢杆菌B-903菌株液体培养72h后,将培养滤液高温灭菌,以不同比例将培养滤液加入镰刀菌孢子悬浮液中,置于扫描电镜和光学显微镜下定时观察。在处理12h后,镰刀菌孢子芽管顶端、菌丝末端及菌丝中央的多处细胞均可发生畸形的球状结构,这种畸变结构随处理时间延长而增加,致使菌丝变成捻珠状。处理36h后,畸变球形细胞及菌丝纷纷断裂离解,细胞内含物渗出,致使大部分细胞成为空泡。到处理48h后,镜下几乎无完整菌丝,均成单个的球状细胞空泡,这些空泡最终胞壁崩裂,不复存在。笔者认为正是枯草芽孢杆菌在生活过程中分泌到体外的抗高温代谢物对镰刀菌孢子和菌丝细胞的这种畸变作用造成拖子和菌丝失活,侵染能力丧失。  相似文献   

植物次生物质对棉铃虫谷胱甘肽S-转移酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶的影响   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

董向丽  高希武  郑炳宗 《植物保护学报》1998,25(1):72-78

分别用含０．０１％的芸香甙,槲皮素２－十三烷酮的人工饲料连续饲养棉铃虫Ｈｅｌｉ－ｃｏｖｅｒｐａａｒｍｉｇｅｒａＨｕｂｎｅｒ１～７代,测定不同处理的棉铃虫种各谷胱甘肽Ｓ－转移酶（ＧＳＴ）和乙酰胆碱酯酶（ＡＣｈＥ）的活性变化以及幼虫对杀虫剂的反应,以单独人工饲料养的各种作对照,芸香甙Ｆ１代对甲基硫磷的耐药性提高３倍,槲皮素Ｆ１,Ｆ２代和２－十三烷酮Ｆ１代对甲基对硫磷的耐药性有所提高,对灭多威和溴氰菊酯  相似文献   

An antisense coat protein gene confers immunity to potato leafroll virus in a genetically engineered potato   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Andrzej Pałucha  Włodzimierz Zagórski  Mirosława Chrzanowska  Danuta Hulanicka 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1998,104(3):287-293

The Bzura commercial potato cultivar was transformed by sense or antisense constructs which included the coat protein gene of potato leafroll virus RNA. In the sense construct, the coat protein gene was preceded by a leader sequence shorter than that in the subgenomic RNA formed in infected cells. The antisense construct consisted of a sequence complementary to the first 2020 nucleotides of the subgenomic RNA. Selected transformants expressing viral RNA were resistant to virus challenge by viruliferous aphids. In one line, expression of the antisense RNA prevented virus infection even after grafting with scions from infected plants and therefore this transformant might be regarded as virus immune.  相似文献   

抗菌肽基因导入桑树获得抗病转基因植株   总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9  

王勇  贾士荣 《蚕业科学》1998,24(3):136-140

用携带抗菌肽基因的农杆菌处理桑子叶,在含有羧苄青霉素（Cb）400～500mg／L和卡那霉素（Km）20mg／L的MS培养基上,有32.4％的子叶产生了不定芽;66.5％的不定芽在含有Cb300mg／L和Km30～40mg／L的培养基中,正常生长成2～3cm高的新稍;新梢在含Cb50mg／L和Km10mg／L的生根培养基中有72．6％形成完整根系。3次转化共获得12个株系55株KmR植株。不同株系桑苗叶片DNA点杂交分析显示,7个株系有阳性杂交信号。KmR株系桑苗的抗病性测定显示,5个株系共14株桑苗对青枯病具有较强抗性.  相似文献   

若干相同生态位的畜禽寄生蠕虫群落关系分析     

王寿昆  郭果为 《福建畜牧兽医》1998,(5):1-3

在具有相同生态位的畜禽寄生蠕虫构成的２９个种对中,多数不具亲和性,仅２对具有明显亲和性,且均为家畜寄生蠕虫,即寄生山羊瘤胃的鹿同盘吸虫和长菲策吸虫,以及大肠的微管食道口线虫和辐射食道口线虫;种间关系程度则多为负关联,其中完全负关联的有１２对,仅有４对表现出不同程度的正关联;家畜寄生蠕虫的种群值明显高于家禽。分析结果提示,相同生态位的畜禽寄生蠕虫的种间关系普遍存在在负关联的缺少亲和性的现象,寄生空间  相似文献   

草莓休眠过程中内源激素含量的变化   总被引：19，自引：2，他引：17  

葛会波  李青云 《园艺学报》1998,25(1):89-90

研究了草莓休眠过程中,内源ＡＢＡ、ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ（玉米素）含量变化。结果表明,同种内源激素在露地和保护地栽培条件下变化趋势相似。深休眠和浅休眠品种同种内源激素含量变化趋势相似,但含量变化在时间上有所差异。  相似文献