玉米自交系K 12花丝红色基因的分子标记   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙玲凌  林兴娥  谢慧玲  付志远  汤继华 《河南农业大学学报》2007,41(5):480-482

利用自交系K12和琼68的1套分离群体对玉米红花丝基因进行了遗传分析,发现K12的红花丝由1对显性基因控制,利用数量性状和质量性状基因定位的方法将K 12中控制红花丝的基因定位在第10染色体上,与SSR引物um c 1576的遗传距离为3.0 cM.  相似文献   

面向对象多层次多尺度分割的农用大棚类型信息提取     

王乌云  李斐  哈斯图亚  哈申高娃 《中国农业大学学报》2024,29(8):223-236

为对不同农用大棚类型信息进行识别分类和精细化提取,以内蒙古河套灌区不同大棚类型为研究对象,基于Sentinel-2A卫星数据,采用面向对象结合多层多尺度分割技术和阈值分类方法,对大棚类型信息进行提取并对最终提取结果展开精度评价和分析研究。首先利用尺度参数估计（Estimation of Scale Parameter2, ESP2）方法进行了分层分割并优选出最佳分割尺度,在各层最优分割尺度上进行光谱、指数、几何、纹理等特征的提取与优化,获取最优特征组合;然后运用多层多尺度分割阈值分类方法提取不同大棚类型信息。结果表明不同大棚类型信息总体精度达94.8%,kappa系数达0.93。其中：塑料大棚的制图精度和用户精度分别为95.3%和96.6%;单屋面温室大棚制图精度和用户精度分别为88.5%和92.6%。基于多层多尺度分割分类的信息提取方法分别考虑了不同地物最优分割尺度,在不同地物各自的最优分割尺度上提取其信息,以抑制过度分割或亚分割现象,从而降低错分或漏分。因此,高分辨率卫星数据与面向对象多层多尺度分割分类的信息提取方法能够有效提高大棚类型信息提取精度,且能为地物信息精细提取技术体系提供一定参考思路。  相似文献   

基于文献计量分析的国内外农业规模经营研究热点演化与新兴趋势分析     

杨露露  余松  宋春晓  马恒运 《中国农业大学学报》2024,29(8):285-299

为梳理总结国内外农业规模经营的总体概况、研究热点和未来发展趋势,以Web of Science核心合集和中国知网CSSCI数据库文献为研究对象,综合运用HistCite和VOSviewer文献计量软件对年度发文量、高被引作者、引文编年图以及热点关键词等进行可视化分析。结果表明：1）国内外农业规模经营年度发文量呈现波动上升态势,且发文集中于国内外权威期刊上。2）国际农业规模经营研究主题丰富,相互之间印证密切,学界研究重点从早期的经济效益逐渐转型到社会和生态效益,主要包括农业生产力、贫困、健康营养、食品安全、气候变化和资源环境等研究方向。3）国内农业规模经营研究虽起步较晚,但鉴于中国特殊国情农情,研究主题更为细化,主要包括粮食安全、农民增收、面源污染、产权制度改革、全要素生产率以及农业社会化服务等研究方向。另外,受国际思潮的影响,中国农业规模经营研究也逐步向气候变化和营养均衡等方面转变。综上,未来中国还需要从农业规模经营基础理论体系构建和研究方法创新、新兴研究方向探索以及加强国际交流合作等方面深化研究。  相似文献   

国家尺度种植业面源污染负荷估算方法研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

邱捷  佘冬立  夏永秋 《农业现代化研究》2021,42(2):198-205

空间尺度上,种植业面源污染负荷估算可用分为田块尺度、流域尺度和区域尺度。国家尺度属于区域尺度范畴,是掌握整个国家种植业源污染负荷概况、检验种植业面源污染防治措施成效、预测面源污染发展趋势的重要尺度。本文综述了国家尺度上种植业面源污染负荷估算的研究方法,主要包括输出系数法、改进输出系数法、多元回归法、贝叶斯递归回归树模型、过程模型模拟法等,并利用以上方法对我国种植业面源污染负荷进行估算。其中氮素径流损失估算结果在0.30～2.40 Tg之间,氮素淋洗损失为0.36～2.03 Tg,磷素径流损失为3.5～6.37 Mg。指出了我国国家尺度种植业面源污染流失量估算方法存在以下主要问题:源头排放未区分背景排放和肥料排放,也未考虑南方一年多熟制排放差异,过程削减未充分考虑沿程消纳。为此,提出我国国家尺度种植业面源污染负荷估算方法应进一步明细各土地利用输出系数、区分背景排放和肥料排放,考虑我国熟制的区域差异、考虑田块到流域出口的沿程削减。  相似文献   

Assessing spillover from marine protected areas and its drivers: A meta‐analytical approach     

Manfredi Di Lorenzo  Paolo Guidetti  Antonio Di Franco  Antonio Cal  Joachim Claudet 《Fish and Fisheries》2020,21(5):906-915

Overfishing may seriously impact fish populations and ecosystems. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are key tools for biodiversity conservation and fisheries management, yet the fisheries benefits remain debateable. Many MPAs include a fully protected area (FPA), restricting all activities, within a partially protected area (PPA) where potentially sustainable activities are permitted. An effective tool for biodiversity conservation, FPAs, can sustain local fisheries via spillover, that is the outward export of individuals from FPAs. Spillover refers to both: “ecological spillover”: outward net emigration of juveniles, subadults and/or adults from the FPA; and “fishery spillover”: the fraction of ecological spillover that directly benefits fishery yields and revenues through fishable biomass. Yet, how common is spillover remains controversial. We present a meta‐analysis of a unique global database covering 23 FPAs worldwide, using published literature and purposely collected field data, to assess the capacity of FPAs to export biomass and whether this response was mediated by specific FPA features (e.g. size, age) or species characteristics (e.g. mobility, economic value). Results show fish biomass and abundance outside FPAs was higher: (a) in locations close to FPA borders (<200 m) than further away (>200 m); (b) for species with a high commercial value; and (c) in the presence of PPA surrounding the FPA. Spillover was slightly higher in FPAs that were larger and older and for more mobile species. Based on the broadest data set compiled to date on marine species ecological spillover beyond FPAs' borders, our work highlights elements that could guide strategies to enhance local fishery management using MPAs.  相似文献   

三角帆蚌HcTyr基因内壳色性状相关SNP筛选及图谱定位     

韩学凯  陈夏君  白志毅  刘晓军  李家乐 《水产学报》2017,41(7):1044-1053

为研究三角帆蚌HcTyr基因与内壳色性状的相关性,本实验根据已分离的三角帆蚌HcTyr基因进行引物设计和片段扩增,并用144只三角帆蚌对其多态性进行筛选和验证,卡方检验分析了SNP位点和三角帆蚌内壳色相关性,并对HcTyr基因进行了图谱定位。结果显示,在HcTyr基因上筛选出8个SNP位点,其中有7个SNP位点与三角帆蚌内壳色L、a及d E呈显著相关性,用这7个SNP位点做单倍型构建和分析,发现Ⅱ、Ⅲ及Ⅳ这3种单倍型在白色群体中出现的频率极显著高于在紫色群体中出现的频率,而Ⅴ和Ⅶ这2两种单倍型在紫色群体中出现的频率极显著高于白色群体。进一步在商业养殖群体中验证发现,Ⅳ和Ⅶ这2种单倍型可分别作为白色和紫色群体的优势单倍型。研究表明,三角帆蚌HcTyr基因可作为内壳色相关的候选基因,其部分SNP位点可用于三角帆蚌分子辅助育种。另外本实验还将HcTyr基因定位在三角帆蚌LG16连锁群上,这为进一步解析该基因调控珍珠颜色形成的分子机制奠定了基础。  相似文献   

细鳞鱼的生物学特性及其在华北分布范围的变化     

王所安 《水产学杂志》1990,3(1):39-45

本文报导了细鳞鱼(Braochymystax lenokP.)的形态构造、食性及其生态环境。调查了华北地区细鳞鱼分布变化情况,并阐明由于生态环境等因素的变化是引起该种在华北地区分布范围缩小的原因,同时提出保护细鳞鱼资资源的措施。  相似文献   

异齿裂腹鱼人工规模化繁殖技术研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

张良松 《淡水渔业》2011,41(5):88-91,95

2010年4～6月,对野生异齿裂腹鱼(Schizothorax o' connori)人工规模化繁殖技术进行研究,并初步进行产后亲鱼恢复培养技术研究.对108尾雌鱼进行干法人工授精,共采卵104万多粒,孵出仔鱼62万多尾.其中45尾雌亲鱼自然成熟,共采卵46.8万多粒,平均受精率和孵化率低于人工催产雌鱼卵.人工催产83...  相似文献   

Identification of QTLs related to sugar and organic acid composition in melon using near-isogenic lines     

Javier M. Obando-Ulloa  Iban Eduardo  Antonio J. Monforte  J. Pablo Fernández-Trujillo 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009

The soluble sugar and organic acid composition of melon (Cucumis melo L.) fruit flesh has become a major focus of plant breeding worldwide in an attempt to improve taste. Thus, sugar and organic acid profiles were characterized using near-isogenic lines (NILs) derived from the Spanish cultivar Piel de Sapo (PS) and the exotic Korean accession Shongwan Charmi (PI 161375). Fruits were cultivated in only one environment. These data were used to map 60 quantitative trait loci (QTLs): 18 for individual sugars, eight for sucrose equivalents, five for the glucose-to-fructose ratio, seven for the total sugar content and 21 for organic acids. Within the QTLs that were associated with the sugar profile, 27 defined the sugar content: eight for fructose, six for glucose, four for sucrose, and nine for sucrose equivalents. Although increased sweetness of selected NILs compared with the parental PS was achieved by an increased glucose or fructose content, only glucose heritability was above 0.5. A total of 21 QTLs (two with positive effects and nineteen with detrimental effects compared with the PS levels) controlled the organic acid profile: l-glutamic, ascorbic and succinic acids (the principal ones) and fumaric, citric, oxalacetic, and isocitric acids. The levels of sugars imparted by the PI 161375 introgression frequently decreased the score grades given to NILs by consumers. Within the 32 QTLs mapped for sensory traits, 27 were associated with lower scores in taste (nine QTLs), sweetness (eight QTLs) or global quality appreciation (nine QTLs); two with increased fruit sourness or sweetness and three with increased fruit bitterness. The QTLs defined herein may assist breeders to understand the overall organoleptic balance (sweetness, sourness, and umami taste) in melon fruit, particularly those located within linkage groups III, V, VI, and VIII to XI.  相似文献   

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gunter Wriedt  Marijn van der Velde  Alberto Aloe  Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.  相似文献