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21.
Forests provide a source of livelihood to all classes of rural people, especially in tribal dominated areas. With the advent of joint forest management concepts and commercial earning prospects from non-timber forest products (NTFPs), it was expected that forests would be best preserved by the villagers who depend on them for a substantial part of their livelihoods. However, in the case of the Ranibundh block in the Bankura district, it was observed that the predominance of private agencies in marketing channels of NTFPs, together with risk of eviction, loss of customary right to access forest resources, low employment prospects, and lack of training about proper management of NTFPs have led to the failure in motivating the forest dwellers to prevent degradation of forest resources. It is suggested that government agencies, producer institutions, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and other strong institutional entities can promote forest preservation when complemented by the granting of forest rights to rural people, the extension of training facilities, and alternative employment prospects. 相似文献
22.
西藏林芝地区森林资源丰富，其林下资源更是丰富多样，虽然目前林下资源的开发取得了一定的成绩，但存在着产品单一，观念滞后；管理薄弱，采集无序；乱采滥挖，竭泽而渔等问题，从而对林下资源造成极大的破坏。据此提出了解决的对策。 相似文献
23.
Lucy Rist Christopher N. Kaiser-Bunbury Frauke Fleischer-Dogley Peter Edwards Nancy Bunbury Jaboury Ghazoul 《Forest Ecology and Management》2010
The coco de mer palm Lodoicea maldivica, endemic to the Seychelles, is a flagship species for tourism and conservation. It bears the world's largest seed for which it is currently heavily exploited across its limited range, and it is clear that harvesting at current levels cannot be maintained indefinitely. Biologically informed harvesting protocols are therefore required to move towards sustainable management that secures the long-term viability of the population and the revenue that it currently generates. Demographic modelling using population matrix models is a useful tool in these efforts as it identifies both the life stages with the strongest influence on population dynamics as well as the consequences of current use intensities. Here we provide an initial population model based on data currently available to assess the status of the largest L. maldivica population in the Vallée de Mai World Heritage Site. We estimated transition probabilities and constructed matrices to estimate the populations’ growth rate under current and alternative harvesting regimes, taking into account uncertainty regarding adult mortality and lifespan. Model projections of the population under current harvesting intensities forecast a marked decrease in the proportion of juveniles in the population and a gradually declining population over the next 200 years. Population growth rates were most sensitive to adult survival, reflecting the long generation time of this species and the remaining uncertainty in this respect. Based on this preliminary model we propose a precautionary sustainable harvesting limit for L. maldivica and discuss the challenges and opportunities of its management, including recommendations for future data collection. 相似文献
24.
In light of the increasing realisation of the importance of all forest resources, the dichotomisation of forest resources
into timber and non-timber is proving to be overly simplistic. Furthermore, at present there is no satisfactory operational
definition for non-wood forest products and considering the tremendous variety of forest products it may be doubted that such
a definition is possible. This paper examines this inadequacy and its consequences for a productive, holistic approach to
the analysis of forest resources and their management. In an attempt to address these problems, a system for dealing with
forest resources in a more meaningful, holistic manner is proposed. A clear distinction is made between systems of terms for
classification, and terms used for comparison, of forest products. Classifying terms distinguish between classes or groups
of objects with similar characteristics while comparative terms serve to highlight differences. Definitions are best served
by classifying terms and this paper proposes both logical targets for definitions of forest products and a pragmatic typology
for such products.
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| Udo MantauEmail: |
25.
《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(3-4):95-118
Abstract Rates of litter decomposition and nutrient release from litter provide valuable information on the capacity of different tree species to replenish soil nutrients in degraded tropical areas. Leaf litter decomposition, leaf litterfall, plantation floor leaf litter, and mulch performance were studied for four indigenous timber species, Virola koschnyiWarb, Dipteryxpanamensis(Pittier) Record and Mell, Terminalia amazonia(J.F. Gmel.) Exell., and Albizia gua-chapele(H.B.K.) Little, grown in mixed and monospecific plantations in the Atlantic humid lowlands of Costa Rica. Terminalia amazonialitter decomposed the fastest: no litter remained after 6 months. After 12 months, D. panamensis, A. guachapele, and the mixed litter decomposed completely, while 15% of the original weight of V. koschnyilitter remained. Differences in decomposition rates were closely related to leaf nutrient content. Total annual leaf litterfall was highest in T. amazonia(872.9 g/m2), followed by D. panamensis, V. koschnyi, and the mixed plots. A. guachapelehad the lowest leaf litterfall (236.0 g/m2). The highest plantation-floor leaf litter was found in V. koschnyiand D. panamensis.Both litterfall and plantation-floor litter accumulation fluctuated least in the mixed plots. A. guachapeleand D. panamensismulch most positively affected maize seedling growth, followed by the mixed mulch. Recommendations are drawn from the results to suggest species choice for sustainable land management in the region. 相似文献