Genetic diversity in apricot, Prunus armeniaca, aimed at improving resistance to plum pox virus   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

M. L. Badenes    M. J. Asíns    E. A. Carbonell  G. Glácer 《Plant Breeding》1996,115(2):133-139

Plum Pox Virus, a non-persistent virus transmitted by aphids, causes serious damage to stone fruits. The apricot tree is very sensitive and in order to breed apricot cultivars resistant to Plum Pox Virus and establish breeding strategies, genetic diversity based on 10 enzymatic systems, six of which were polymorphic, has been studied. The plant material studied, 94 accessions, included the most important apricot cultivars grown in PPV-affected areas. Genetic diversity is high and showed important differences between the three geographical groups studied (North African, European and North American). The North American group was very diverse and allozymes can be used to identify three subgroups. Some North American PPV-resistant cultivars were very distant from the rest of the cultivars, mainly due to the presence of rare alleles found in an Asian apricot related species. These results support the hypothesis that Asian-related species might be the origin of PPV resistance within the North American cultivars. Three North American cultivars have been considered as putative donors of PPV resistance to the European cultivars because of their agronomic behaviour, chilling requirements and distance from European cultivars. However, to increase the genetic variability of the European group and thereby to favour recombination, the study of Asian apricot resources is also recommended.  相似文献   

Stylar ribonucleases in almond: correlation with and prediction of incompatibility genotypes   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

R. B&#;skovic    K. R. Tobutt    I. Batlle    H. Duval    P. Martinez-Gomez  T. M. Gradziel 《Plant Breeding》2003,122(1):70-76

To clarify incompatibility relationships among almond cultivars, 35 were analysed for stylar ribonucleases, which have previously been shown to correlate with incompatibility S alleles. Stylar proteins were extracted and separated electrophoretically and the zymograms compared with ladders of ribonucleases corresponding to the 12 S alleles previously reported. Sixteen cultivars showed a band corresponding to two of the known ribonucleases, 17 showed one known ribonuclease and one ‘new’ band, and two showed two new bands. Twelve new ribonucleases were detected; 11 were attributed to new S alleles (S₁₃ to S23) and a mutant form of S₇ was attributed to S_7A. Genotypes were proposed for nine cultivars of five incompatibility groups that had not been genotyped previously, VII, X, XI, XII and XIII. Twenty‐four cultivars of unknown incompatibility relationships were provisionally genotyped: six of these could be assigned to existing groups and two new groups were established, XIV and XV, along with group O of cultivars with unique genotypes. Test crosses confirmed that eight pairs of cultivars showing similar zymograms were indeed cross‐incompatible, including the two representatives of each of the two new groups. Virtually all self‐incompatible cultivars of known genotype are listed in a table. The data should be useful for planning cultivar combinations for orchards and for designing crosses for breeding programmes.  相似文献   

Analysis of simple sequence repeat markers in homozygous lines of apple   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

M. Höfer    A. Gomez    E. Aguiriano    J. A. Manzanera  M. A. Bueno 《Plant Breeding》2002,121(2):159-162

Haploids in apple were induced using anther culture and in situ parthenogenesis followed by in vitro culture of immature embryos or cotyledons. In addition to an earlier characterization of the zygosity state using isozymes, the purpose of this work was an analysis of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) to describe the homozygosity more comprehensively. Five previously described SSR primer combinations were applied. Initially, polymerase chain reaction amplification with the primer pairs was performed on the donor genotypes ‘Alkmene’ and ‘Remo’ and on a further four apple cultivars. Only those primer pairs that amplified two different contrasting alleles could be used for investigation of the zygosity state. According to these analyses both the androgenic and parthenogenic regenerated shoots are homozygous.  相似文献   

梅花品种"美人"叶片离体再生体系建立   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吕英民  曹亮  张启翔 《分子植物育种》2006,4(6):887-894

以“美人’梅离体培养的叶片为材料进行愈伤组织诱导再生研究，诱导过程分两步，第一步是愈伤组织的诱导，诱导过程中生长素2,4-D起了决定性的作用，并且以液体培养基为佳，而且暗培养的愈伤组织再分化率明显高于光培养。具体培养基为1／2WPM＋5mg／L 2,4-D；第二步是在愈伤组织诱导出之后，进一步诱导愈伤组织再生出植物，在经过7d液体培养基的诱导之后将离体叶片转入1／2WPM＋1．0mg／L 6-BA＋0．1mg／L NAA＋8mg／L AgNO3＋100mg／L水解乳蛋白培养，再分化率可以达到24．25％。愈伤组织分化出苗之后，进一步诱导生根，“美人”梅最佳生根培养基是1／2WPM＋0．5mg／L NAA。  相似文献   

遮光和乙烯利对温室栽培“大久保”桃结果枝碳同化物分配的影响     

孔云  王绍辉  马承伟  姚允聪 《核农学报》2007,21(2):186-190

以4年生日光温室栽培“大久保”桃为试材,采用14C标记的方法,研究了60%遮光处理和果面喷施600mg/L乙烯利后结果枝同化物分配和相对库强的变化。结果表明:果实成熟期遮荫处理10d后,从饲喂新梢分配到果实的碳同化物比例明显减少;硬核期遮光后,果实碳分配比例变化不明显,但种子分配比例明显减少。遮光处理后,各器官相对库强的变化趋势与同化物的分配比例基本一致。在果实成熟期喷施乙烯利后,显著提高了遮光结果枝果实同化物分配比例和相对库强。  相似文献   

Using SSR markers to determine the population genetic structure of wild apricot (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Prunus armeniaca</Emphasis> L.) in the Ily Valley of West China     

He Tian-Ming  Chen Xue-Sen  Xu Zheng  Gao Jiang-Sheng  Lin Pei-Jun  Liu Wen  Liang Qing  Wu Yan 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(3):563-572

Genetic structure of three wild populations (Xinyuan, Gongliu and Daxigou) of apricot in the Ily Valley, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China, was investigated with microsatellite (simple sequence repeat, SSR) markers. The higher polymorphism and greater transportability of these markers between Prunus species proved SSR markers were much efficient for conducting genetic diversity studies in wild apricot. Nei's gene diversity (He) and Shannon's index of diversity (I) were 0.287 and 0.458, respectively. This indicated that the wild apricot in the Ily Valley still maintained a relatively high level of diversity. The Gst of 0.137 and Fst of 0.164 revealed that genetic variation mainly resided among individuals within populations (83.6–86.3%). Population differentiation could also be found according to the distribution of SSR alleles between the populations. Mantel test showed the genetic distance between populations was significantly correlated to the geographical distance. The modest amount of gene flow (2.684) would reduce the disjunction between wild apricots. The long-distance dispersal of pollen by insects was probably the main way of gene flow between populations. Based on the study of population genetic structure, an effective conservation strategy of the species was discussed.  相似文献   

Identification of sweet cherry cultivars (Prunus avium L.) and analysis of their genetic relationships by chloroplast sequence-characterised amplified regions (cpSCAR)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Aydin Turkec  Muge Sayar  Berthold Heinze 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(8):1635-1641

Ten cpSCAR markers that show polymorphism in Prunus avium were used to fingerprint sweet cherry cultivars. The purpose of the study was also to contribute to identification and to help determine their genetic interrelationships. Samples of ‘0900 Ziraat’, a superior Turkish variety, which were collected in several locations all over Turkey, had identical cpSCAR patterns, and they resembled a common European haplotype, A. ‘Sweetheart’, ‘Summit’ and ‘Canada Giant’ and their haplotype are intermediate between the previously described haplotypes A and B, which were originally found in Central and Eastern European sweet and wild cherries, and those from Northern Turkey, respectively. The data therefore suggests a local maternal descent (within Europe and Asia Minor) of the cultivars analysed. Our results show that chloroplast DNA analysis is a straightforward way to classify cherry cultivars. We compare our results to others previously reported for sweet cherry cultivars, and conclude that cpSCAR diversity data could be considered for phylogenetic studies in this group.  相似文献   

南天竹组培快繁技术     

王春  张俊林  范文锋  王越  方辉 《林业科技开发》2011,25(2):85-88

对彩色园林植物南天竹组培快繁技术进行研究,结果表明:MS+1.5 mg/L(质量浓度,后同)BA+0.1mg/L IBA是最佳的增殖配方,增殖系数可达7.3;将3 cm长的嫩茎经壮苗培养和MS+0.25 mg/L BA处理后,转接到1/2MS+0.25 mg/L IBA+0.1 mg/L NAA+0.2 g/L活性炭,且pH为6.5生根培养基中,生根率高达87%以上。在增殖培养基中添加1.0 g/L的50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂能有效地抑制内生菌。  相似文献   

日本晚樱组培快繁技术研究     

孟月娥  李艳敏  赵秀山  王慧娟 《勤云标准版测试》2006,(10)

进行了日本晚樱的组培快繁试验。试验结果表明,日本晚樱最佳的增殖培养基是MS/ML 6-BA0.5mg/L NAA0.05mg/L 白糖40g/L 琼脂4.5g/L,增殖系数为2.47～2.56;最佳生根培养基为ML IBA0.05mg/L NAA0.05mg/L 白糖20g/L 琼脂4.5g/L,生根率为100%;炼苗12～17d后移栽至草炭土中,成活率达90%。  相似文献   

南天竹栽培性状研究     

李湉 《安徽农业科学》2009,37(6):2486-2488

[目的]系统研究南天竹栽培性状,为该树种的育苗、栽培与园林应用奠定基础。[方法]以湖南省13个不同地区的南天竹种群为试样,采用田间试验和对比分析的方法,对栽培型与野生型南天竹的栽培性状进行了系统研究。[结果]南天竹各地理种质资源物候特征基本一致;栽培型和野生型生长规律基本一致,但栽培型的生长速度大于野生型;不管是栽培型或是野生型南天竹的高生长在幼龄期都比较迅速,其新梢的年生长、叶片生长规律都遵循Logistic方程的拟合曲线。[结论]该研究可为南天竹种质资源开发利用提供依据。  相似文献