DNA标记技术在梨属植物研究中的应用   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

鲍露  张东  滕元文  陈昆松 《果树学报》2006,23(2):270-275

综述了几种常见的DNA标记如RFLP、RAPD、SSR、AFLP和SCAR在梨属植物研究中的应用以及所取得的进展。DNA标记技术主要在梨属植物的品种鉴别、亲子关系鉴定、分类和系统关系研究、遗传图谱构建与标记辅助育种等研究领域中得到了广泛的应用。还对各种标记的特点和在梨属植物研究中的应用范围做了总结,期望为今后研究中合理选择适宜的标记技术提供参考。  相似文献   

贵州白山羊GDF9基因外显子2的多态性研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

杜智勇  林尖兵  覃成  王嘉福  冉雪琴 《畜牧与兽医》2008,40(4):46-48

生长分化因子9(GDF9)是卵母细胞分泌的生长因子,对早期卵泡的生长和分化起重要的调节作用。采用RFLP和SSCP方法检测贵州白山羊GDF9基因外显子2的单核苷酸多态性,结果表明:在所有检测样本中均未发现GDF9基因的FecGH突变;在高繁殖率(3羔以上/胎)母羊和公羊中检测到8个杂合的AB基因型,其中5个为高产的母羊,3个为公羊。碱基序列分析证实GDF9基因编码区第1189bp位点的碱基由G突变为A,该位点位于外显子2中,导致活性肽第79位缬氨酸突变为异亮氨酸(V79I),但在低繁殖率(1~2羔/胎)母羊中没有发现该突变。虽然贵州白山羊GDF9基因中G1189A突变的发生率仅为5%,但该位点编码的氨基酸与FecGH突变(S77F)仅相隔1个氨基酸,因此推测GDF9基因中的G1189A突变可能与贵州白山羊的高繁殖力有关。  相似文献   

大豆品种间DNA限制性片段长度多态性（RFLP）的分析   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

张德水  庄炳昌 《作物学报》1998,24(4):486-490

用６２个大豆ＤＮＡ分子探针与５种限制性内切酶组合，对大豆基因组ＤＮＡ限制性片段长度多态性（ＲＦＬＰ）进行分析，结果表明，所选用的两对材料，其多态性ＲＦＬＰ标记的频率均高达６０％，可作为ＲＦＬＰ作图较理想的亲本，ＲＦＬＰ标记的多态性类型表现为共显性，少数为显性，其中一些标记揭示了２个或２个以上的独立分离的基因座位，不同限制性内切酶的揭示多态性的能力上差异不显著，在杂交片段长度上差异显著并都大于预期，  相似文献   

Assessment of genetic diversity of cultivated chickpea using microsatellite-derived RFLP markers: Implications for origin   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

M. D. serret    S. M. udupa  F. weigand 《Plant Breeding》1997,116(6):573-578

Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was performed on 30 accessions of cultivated chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) collected from 11 different countries representing the Near East, Central Asian and Hindustani regions. A synthetic digoxygenated oligonucleotide (GATA)₄ complementary to a microsatellite DNA sequence was used as a probe. The results revealed that simple repetitive sequences are abundant and polymorphic in the chickpea genome. The fragments detected were used lo estimate the genetic diversity within accessions and a similarity index between the genotypes of the accessions. The genetic distance data were used to construct a dendrogram depicting genetic relationships among the different accessions. The results indicate that the greatest genetic diversity occurs in Pakistan, Iraq, Afghanistan, south-east Russia, Turkey and Lebanon. Lower genetic diversity was found in Iran, India, Syria, Jordan and Palestine, Based on DNA markers, it is concluded that there are three centres of diversity for chickpea: Pakistan-Afghanistan. Iraq Turkey and Lebanon. India, which was previously considered as a secondary center of diversity for chickpea, showed lower diversity than the above regions.  相似文献   

畜禽DNA指纹的研究与应用   总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6  

秦国庆  常洪 《中国牛业科学》1997,23(1):13-15

综述了ＤＮＡ指纹技术的原理，方法，以及在个体（品种）鉴别，亲缘关系分析，群体遗传变异分析，连锁分析等方面的研究进展。  相似文献   

长江水系中华绒螯蟹线粒体DNA的遗传多样性研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

胡鹏飞  王茜  戴伟  王晓梅 《水产学杂志》2006,19(1):1-5

本文对长江水系南京和江都地区中华绒螯蟹共61个个体的线粒体COI基因进行了限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)分析。应用PCR技术扩增了中华绒螯蟹线粒体COI基因,选用8种能识别4碱基的限制性内切酶对该基因片段进行RFLP分析。在两个群体中共检测出8种复合单倍型,其中复合单倍型AAAAAAAA和BBBBBAAB为两个群体所共有,它的个体数所占的百分比在两个群体(南京和江都)中分别为87.9%、12.1%和50.0%、25.0%。在南京群体中,复合单倍型间的遗传距离为0.077,而在江都群体中,复合单倍型间的遗传距离为0.004～0.077；南京和江都群体的线粒体COI基因多态度(或称核苷酸多样性指数)π值分别为0.008和0.019。结果说明长江水系中华绒螯蟹具有一定的群体内遗传多样性。  相似文献   

PCR／PFLP鉴别伉禽白血病病毒   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘公平  刘福安  赵振芬 《中国兽医学报》2001,21(3):243-245

用PCR方法从禽白血病病毒（avian leukosis virus,ALY）亚群毒株RAV－1、RAV－2感染或未感染的SPF鸡胚成纤维细胞（CEF）分别扩增出1．2kb基因手段。RAV－1囊膜基因可初BglⅡ分为2条相近的600bp片段，RAV－2囊膜基因被BamHI分为2条约600bp片段，对照组基因片段（内源性病毒）不被BglⅡ和BamHI切割。结果显示，ALV囊膜基因PCR／RFLP可用于诊断禽白血病和鉴别不同的AVL毒株。  相似文献   

葡萄属植物染色体DNA的提取、纯化及RFLP鉴定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张立平  林伯年  沈德绪  董继新 《果树学报》1996,(2)

利用ＪｅｎｎｉｆｅｒＡ．ＣｏｕｃｈａｎｄＰａｕｌＪ．Ｆｒｉｔｚ的改良方法提取葡萄嫩叶染色体ＤＮＡ，并进行ＲＦＬＰ分析。结果表明，该方法提取的ＤＮＡ均未降解；以Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ２Ｂ层析柱纯化后可进行ＲＦＬＰ分析；核糖体ｒＤＮＡ的ＰＶｖｃ一Ａ片段制备的探针与ＨｉｎｄⅢ酶组合，使所有供试样品都显示多态性。  相似文献   

Molecular mapping of an aluminum tolerance locus on chromosome 4D of Chinese Spring wheat   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

Ming-Cheng Luo  Jan Dvořák 《Euphytica》1996,91(1):31-35

Summary The tolerance of aluminum (Al) of disomic substitution lines having the chromosomes of the D genome of Triticum aestivum L. cv. Chinese Spring individually substituted for their homoeologues in T. turgidum L. cv. Langdon was investigated by the hematoxylin method. The disomic substitution lines involving chromosome 4D were more Al tolerant than Langdon. The tolerance was found to be controlled by a single dominant gene, designated Alt2, that is in the proximal region of the long arm of chromosome 4D. The locus was mapped relative to molecular markers utilizing a population of recombinant chromosomes from homoeologous recombination between Chinese Spring chromosome 4D and T. turgidum chromosome 4B. Comparison of the location of Alt2 in this map with a consensus map of chromosomes 4B and 4D based on homologous recombination indicated that Alt2 is in a vicinity of a 4 cM interval delineated by markers Xpsr914 and Xpsr1051. The Alt2 locus is distal to marker Xpsr39 and proximal to XksuC2. The Altw locus is also proximal to the Knal locus on chromosome 4D that controls K⁺/Na⁺ selectivity and salt tolerance. In two lines, Alt 2 and Knal were transferred on a single 4D segment into the long arm of T. turgidum chromosome 4B.  相似文献   

Morphological and molecular analysis of androgenetic, selfed and backcrossed plants produced from a Hordeum vulgare x H, bulbosum hybrid     

M. J. gilpin  R. A. pickering  A. G. fautrier  D. L. mcneil  G. szigat  A. M. Hill  R. G. Kynast 《Plant Breeding》1997,116(6):505-510

Anther culture (AC) was carried out on a fertile triploid hybrid between Hordeum vulgare L. (cultivated barley) and H. bulbosum L, (bulbous barley grass) to determine whether AC-derived regenerants differed from progeny obtained through selfing and backcrossing. Chromosome counts were carried out on all plants and DNA was extracted from them to prepare Southern blots for molecular analysis. To identify true recombinants, the blots were probed with rye repetitive sequence probes (pSc119.1 and pScl19.2). which hybridize strongly and specifically to H. bulbosum DNA. Twenty probes that detect single- or low-copy sequences were hybridized with Southern blots containing restricted DNA extracted from 25 AC-derived plants, 11 selfed and six backcrossed progeny that showed hybridizations with pScll9. Although restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) were only observed using probes that map to four of the possible 14 chromosome arms, an introgression associated with chromosome 6HS was frequently observed among plants derived from AC. selfing and backcrossing. Plants from AC differed from selfed and backcrossed progeny in their chromosome number; unique RFLP bands that were occasionally observed may indicate chromosomal rearrangements.  相似文献