Management strategies to increase stand structural diversity and enhance biodiversity in coastal rainforests of Alaska     

Robert L. Deal 《Biological conservation》2007,137(4):520-532

Coastal rainforests of southeast Alaska have relatively simple species composition but complex structures with high diversity of tree ages, sizes and forest canopy layers, and an abundant understory plant community. Wildlife and fisheries resources also play an important role in the ecological functioning of forest and aquatic systems. Clearcutting has greatly altered these forest ecosystems with significant decreases in structural diversity of forest stands and greatly reduced wildlife habitat. This paper synthesizes information on management options in older forests that have never been actively managed, and in younger forests to increase diversity of stand structures and their associated effects on biodiversity. Light to moderate levels of partial cutting in old-growth forests can maintain the original diversity of overstory stand structures and understory plant communities. In younger forests that develop after clearcutting, mixed alder-conifer stands provide more heterogeneous structures and significantly higher understory biomass than in pure conifer forests. Research has shown that red alder increases diversity and abundance of understory plants, and provides forage for deer and small mammals. Results also show a clear linkage between alder and improved invertebrate diversity in aquatic systems. A combination of light partial cutting in older forests along with inclusion of red alder in conifer-dominated forests could provide the greatest amount of diversity and maintain the complex stand structures that are an important component of these forest ecosystems.  相似文献   

冬春上海市郊外环林带防尘效应的初步研究     

贺芳芳  邵德民  程建敏  徐龙弟  丁建生 《中国农业气象》2008,29(1):51-55

对上海市郊外环林带两侧总悬浮颗粒物浓度（简称TSP）和可吸入颗粒物浓度（简称PM10）同步测定表明：林带的防尘效应与风向有关,下风向处的TSP与PM10日均浓度均分别比上风向低19%-44%和39%-61%。林带边粒径分布测定结果表明：下风向处较大粒径颗粒物的相对含量比上风向处小一些;冬季的粒子谱分布呈现较大粒子和较小粒子重量累积百分比较高、中等粒子的重量累积百分比较低的态势;而春季则相反,中等粒子的重量累积百分比较高、较大粒子和较小粒子则比较低。说明冬春不同风向条件下上海市郊的大道旁林带区具有一定的防尘效应。  相似文献   

林草间作地土壤低吸力段持水性能的初步研究     

马仲武  王辉  孙栋元 《土壤通报》2008,39(1):29-32

以庄浪县5种林草间作模式为对象,在田间采用张力计法测定各模式地的低吸力段土壤水分特征曲线,分析各模式地的土壤持水性能,比较不同模式地的比水容量,结果表明,各模式地土壤含水率随吸力变化较快;五种模式不同土层土壤持水力存在明显差异,表层土壤持水力较大,60cm土层土壤持水能力最差。仁用杏+红豆草模式地土壤持水能力和供水能力最强,是最为耐旱模式,油松+紫花苜蓿模式供水能力最差。  相似文献   

鹤峰县天保工程建设成效定量分析     

郑孝严  田丰登  姚胜海  张敏 《湖北林业科技》2007,(1):6-8

天保工程建设是生态环境建设的重要措施,是人与自然和谐发展的重要基础。我们对鹤峰实施天保工程以后,森林资源变化情况、水土流失变化情况等重要生态环境因子进行了详细调查,并与天保工程实施前比较,结果表明:5年来,鹤峰县天保工程建设取得了阶段性成效,生态、经济、社会三大效益显著,折算总效益784 959.90万元。  相似文献   

对发挥农产品批发市场价格中心作用的探析     

孙强  丁娟娟  姜延书 《北京农业职业学院学报》2006,20(4):28-31

从国际经验来看,农产品批发市场不但是辐射面广、凝聚力强的产销中心,更是农产品价格形成中心.农产品批发市场的规范、有序运行对稳定农产品市场供求,引导农业生产顺利进行具有关键性的作用.而我国农产品批发市场由于发展滞后,运作方式原始、粗放,应有功能没有得到充分发挥.因此,加强基础设施建设,强化制度建设并实行农业产业化是进一步发挥农产品批发市场价格中心作用的关键措施.  相似文献   

基于WebGIS的森林旅游信息管理网站的构建   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

庄晨辉  陈铭潮  李闽丽  李其顺 《华东森林经理》2006,20(4):77-82,85

文章分析了旅游网站的现状、森林旅游的特点,介绍了基于WebGIS技术开发森林旅游信息管理网站的优势和系统设计方法。通过森林旅游网站的构建实现面向公众的森林旅游信息交流和面向管理部门的信息管理功能。  相似文献   

Agroforestry techniques for the rehabilitation of degraded salt-affected lands in India     

G. Singh  N. T. Singh  I. P. Abrol 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》1994,5(3):223-242

The development of appropriate technologies for the judicious use of India's 8.11 million ha of salt-affected lands would give increased food, fodder and fuelwood production. A sizeable portion of the salt-affected lands of the Indo-Gangetic plain have been reclaimed through chemical amendments and are being commercially used for arable farming. However, large areas of salt-affected common lands, village and government lands and waste lands near cities, along railway tracks and roads do not have any productive use. Owing to their sparse vegetative cover such lands are vulnerable to further degradation and can be a source of runoff causing floods, especially where cows congregate. Research at the Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal has generated agroforestry techniques which could enable the economic exploitation of such marginal lands. This paper deals with various aspects of these techniques, which have been applied to over 50 000 ha by 1994. Based on eight to ten years of growth and biomass figures, the most salt-tolerant woody species identified were: Prosopis juliflora, Acacia nilotica, Casuarina equisetifolia, Tamarix articulata, Leptochloa fusca (a palatable forage grass which was found to be a promising primary colonizer of salt lands). Agronomic practices for the successful establishment of trees such as planting methods, amendment use, irrigation, spacing and lopping schedules are discussed. A Prosopis juliflora-leptochloa fusca silvipastoral model was found to be excellent for fuelwood and forage production and for the amelioration of high pH soils. This system, when followed for little more than four years, reclaims alkali soils to such an extent that normal agriculture crops such as Trifolium alexandrinum and T. resupinatum can be grown successfully. A ridge-trench system of tree planting was found to be helpful in alkali soils, the in situ rainwater conservation it led to assisting biomass production. Eucalyptus tereticornis, Populus deltoides and Tectona grandis based agroforestry were promising for reclaimed salt-affected lands. The short- and long-term effects of various tree plantations on the physicochemical properties of the soil and on soil-water relations are also discussed. Agroforestry options for the development of salt-affected lands found in various agroclimatic zones of India are explored.  相似文献   

数字林业在天然林保护工程中的应用研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张忠辉  韩国辉  李岩  杨德付  张大明  谢朋  顾寒琳  孙伟  陈平  秦彩云  宋子龙  孙艳春  刘世广 《吉林林业科技》2006,35(3):30-33

本文阐述了数字林业的概念及涵义,指出其最初的切入点是国家林业局提出的六大林业生态工程。针对天然林保护工程的现状,提出用数字林业技术解决其存在的问题,构建了基于3S技术的天然林保护工程管理地理信息系统,使天然林保护工程的管理步入规范化、科学化、现代化的轨道。  相似文献   

Exploring tree diversity and stand structure of savanna woodlands in southeastern Sudan     

M M HASOBA Ahmed 《干旱区科学》2020,12(4):609-617

Savanna woodlands in Sudan host great biodiversity, provide a plethora of ecosystem goods and services to local communities, and sustain numerous ecological functions. Although the importance of the Acacia trees in these areas is well known, up-to-date information about these woodlands' diversity is limited and changes in their woody vegetation composition, density, diversity and relative frequency are not monitored over time. This study explored tree diversity and stand stage structure in Nuara Reserved Forest, a typical savanna woodland ecosystem in southeastern Sudan. A total of 638 circular sample plots (1000 m² for each) were established using a systematic sampling grid method. The distance between plots was 200 m. In each plot, all living trees with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥5.00 cm were identified and counted, and their DBH values were recorded. From these data, tree composition, diversity, density and stage structure were assessed. There were 12,259 individual trees representing four species (Acacia seyal, Balanites aegyptiaca, Acacia Senegal and Acacia mellifera) that belong to two families. The dominant species was Acacia seyal. Average tree density was 191 trees/hm² and the Shannon-Weiner index for trees diversity was 0.204. Overall, young trees comprised 86.30% of the forest. The state of tree richness and density in the study area was low compared to other similar environments in the region and around the world. We recommended adoption of a proper management system that includes monitoring of woody vegetation diversity in this forest, and management actions to enhance tree diversity and sustain ecosystem services to local communities. In addition to care for the dominant Acacia seyal stands, more attention and conservation should be devoted to reestablishing Acacia senegal and Acacia mellifera trees because of their high ecological and economic values for local communities.  相似文献   

浙江龙泉地区珍贵阔叶树种保护培育工作现状及对策     

吕赟薇  曾甜甜  潘雅妮 《园艺与种苗》2020,(1):23-24,27

为了促进人与自然和谐相处,保障生态文明建设,应做好森林资源保护培育工作。通过分析浙江龙泉地区珍贵阔叶树种保护培育工作的现状及问题,提出相应的对策,以完善龙泉地区森林资源建设,促进林业可持续发展。  相似文献