Growth responses, physiology and decay associated with pruning plantation-grown Eucalyptus globulus Labill. and E. nitens (Deane and Maiden) Maiden     

E.A. Pinkard  C. Mohammed  C.L. Beadle  M.F. Hall  D. Worledge  A. Mollon   《Forest Ecology and Management》2004,200(1-3):263-277

Detailed studies have been undertaken to define pruning regimes for Eucalyptus nitens, but little is known of E. globulus responses to pruning although this is a more commonly planted species. This paper describes experiments that aimed to identify (a) levels of pruning that reduce E. globulus growth, (b) physiological processes contributing to those growth responses, (c) the incidence of decay and factors influencing decay incidence following pruning of E. globulus, and (d) comparative responses of E. nitens and E. globulus to live branch pruning. Results of a field experiment indicated that removal of between 30 and 50% of the crown length was appropriate for E. globulus plantations verging on canopy closure. The significant reduction in height growth associated with removal of 50 or 70% of crown length suggested pruning should remain below 50% of crown length if reduced stem growth of pruned trees was to be avoided. Stem volume was only significantly reduced over the period of the experiment by 70% pruning, but it was estimated that standing volume following removal of 50% of crown length would be reduced by 82 m³ ha⁻¹ over a 20-year rotation if there were no other silvicultural interventions. The growth responses observed were probably related to large reductions in leaf area following 50 or 70% removal of crown length. Trees responded to pruning by changing patterns of biomass partitioning to favour stem growth at the expense of branch growth. A glasshouse study determined that light-saturated net CO₂ uptake (A_max) increased following pruning. E. nitens seedlings had both a higher baseline A_max and higher A_max following pruning than did E. globulus, which could partially explain the greater effect of pruning on E. globulus growth than has been observed for E. nitens in other studies. This result, as well as apparently different patterns of foliage distribution through the crowns of E. globulus and E. nitens, suggested that models of pruning responses need to be parameterised for both species. In addition, a more conservative pruning regime may be appropriate for E. globulus than E. nitens. Pruning increased the frequency of branch traces with decay infection, and there was a trend towards increasing decay outbreaks with increasing pruning severity. Decay outbreaks were more likely to occur following pruning of high angle or larger diameter branches.  相似文献   

Effect of drought on diameter increment of Quercus ilex, Phillyrea latifolia, and Arbutus unedo in a holm oak forest of NE Spain     

Rom Ogaya  Josep Peuelas  Jordi Martínez-Vilalta  Marta Mangirn 《Forest Ecology and Management》2003,180(1-3):175-184

The present study was carried out to elucidate the drought growth responses of Quercus ilex L., Phillyrea latifolia L., Arbutus unedo L., and other accompanying woody species of the Mediterranean holm oak forest. We submitted holm oak forest stands in Prades mountains (NE Spain) to a 2-year experimental drought. We reduced soil water availability about 15% by plastic strips and funnels that partially excluded rain throughfall and by ditch interception of water runoff. Mean stem diameter increment showed a great variation depending on the species. A. unedo had larger growth rates than Q. ilex and P. latifolia, but it was also the species that experimented the highest growth reduction in the drought plots (77%), suggesting a higher drought sensitivity than Q. ilex (55%) and P. latifolia (no drought effect). The growth reduction was specially marked in the larger trees. Aboveground stand biomass increment, estimated from stem diameter by allometric relationships, was 1.9 Mg ha⁻¹ per year in the control plots. The 15% reduction in the upper soil moisture produced 42% reduction in this biomass increment. In the drier conditions predicted in this Mediterranean area in the frame of climate change, an important reduction of growth rates can be hence expected, accompanied by a gain of dominance of drought-tolerant species such as P. latifolia in detriment of more mesic species such as Q. ilex.  相似文献   

Crop productivity under differently lopped canopies of multipurpose trees in Central Himalaya, India   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

R.L. Semwal  R.K. Maikhuri  K.S. Rao  K. Singh  K.G. Saxena 《Agroforestry Systems》2002,56(1):57-63

Ficus species are multipurpose trees well known by rural populations in Sahelian and Sudanian zones of Africa. Their uses are well documented but their amenability for vegetative propagation has not been extensively studied. This paper compares the rooting ability of stem and aerial root cuttings from thirteen Ficus species found in West Africa. It highlights the differences between species belonging to the sub-genera Sycomorus and Urostigma. The former show no capacity to propagate from cuttings whereas the latter, with epiphytic development, can be propagated by cuttings, although this capacity varies among species. Thus, F. thonningii, F. leprieurii and F. ovata are easily propagated, while F. platyphylla and F. elasticoides are propagated with difficulty. The rooting capacity also varies depending on the cutting material used. It decreases in the following order: long leafless hardwood cuttings (pole) > nodal cuttings > apical cuttings. Rooting potential increases when the cuttings are harvested towards the end of the dry season(March to May). Aerial root can be used for cuttings in all species of the sub-genus Urostigma. The capacity of root cuttings to regenerate is greatest when cuttings are collected at the beginning of the dry season (November). In this case, wound-induced adventitious roots arise at the basal end of the cutting while de novo buds are developed from the cambium at the distal end. The subsequent morphological development is identical to that of a stem cutting. These results clarify and allow the optimal use of the knowledge and methods developed by the indigenous people of the Sahel and could assist and promote fig tree (Ficus sp.) domestication in the dry tropics.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Study on dynamics of stem form of Korean pine trees in natural forest stand     

桑卫国  何忠秋  张成钢 《林业研究》1995,6(3):27-29

INTRODUCTIONThcstcmfonl1ofnaturalKorcanpincforcst.ot\ingtothcsupprcsscdandshadcd,isvcry'difTcrcntt`iththatofplantation.Itis\'cry't'aluabIctostud}'thcstcmfonnforn1orcac-knot`lcdgcabouttl1ctrccd)-nan1icsofnaturalKorcanpinc.n1crcl1asbccnconsidcrabIcrescarchontl1cstc111for111cquationsasatoolforforcstmanagcmcnt,butitalmostbasnorclationshipt`-iththcbiologicalgrowthproccss.soitisx'ery'dimcuIttouscthccquationtoanalxrsisthcd\'amicsofstclllform.Hcrcthcdct'clopmcntofstcmformt"ascxPCctcdfornotonI\…  相似文献   

明溪县杉木马尾松商品材立木材积表编制的研究     

陈清平  邹秀华  李伟华  兰金奖 《福建林业科技》2002,29(1):17-22

应用树干分段的二元形数函数的削度方程、商品材材积方程和树干总材积方程的一致性方程系统编制明溪县杉木、马尾松的商品材立木材积表。既能充分利用公开发表的有效的测树信息和数表 ,又能结合区域的资源调查信息估测一致性系统中的参数 ,且编表的误差分布均匀 ,绝对误差和相对误差小  相似文献   

Predicting individual stem volumes of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) plantations in mountainous areas using small-footprint airborne LiDAR     

Tomoaki Takahashi  Kazukiyo Yamamoto  Yoshimichi Senda  Masashi Tsuzuku 《Journal of Forest Research》2005,10(4):305-312

This study investigated which predictor variables with respect to crown properties, derived from small-footprint airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data, together with LiDAR-derived tree height, could be useful in regression models to predict individual stem volumes. Comparisons were also made of the sum of predicted stem volumes for LiDAR-detected trees using the best regression model with field-measured total stem volumes for all trees within stands. The study area was a 48-year-old sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) plantation in mountainous forest. The topographies of the three stands with different stand characteristics analyzed in this study were steep slope (mean slope ± SD; 37.6° ± 5.8°), gentle slope (15.6° ± 3.7°), and gentle yet rough terrain (16.8° ± 7.8°). In the regression analysis, field-measured stem volumes were regressed against each of the six LiDAR-derived predictor variables with respect to crown properties, such as crown area, volume, and form, together with LiDAR-derived tree height. The model with sunny crown mantle volume (SCV) had the smallest standard error of the estimate obtained from the regression model in each stand. The standard errors (m³) were 0.144, 0.171, and 0.181, corresponding to 23.9%, 21.0%, and 20.6% of the average field-measured stem volume for detected trees in each of these stands, respectively. Furthermore, the sum of the individual stem volumes, predicted by regression models with SCV for the detected trees, occupied 83%–91% of field-measured total stem volumes within each stand, although 69%–86% of the total number of trees were correctly detected by a segmentation procedure using LiDAR data.  相似文献   

哈思山油松人工林生长特性研究     

杨晓民 《林业科技》2003,28(5):15-17

通过对哈思山油松人工林进行调查，并选择样树进行树干解析，建立了胸径与树高、高径比，株率与高径比的回归方程，分析了油松人工林前期生长过程、人工林林分结构和生长规律，为科学生产经营提供了依据。  相似文献   

山区杨树人工林树干病害综合防治的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵经周  张铁军 《林业科技》1992,17(1):20-23

杨树干部病害是杨树人工林的主要病害之一。侵染性病原有污黑腐皮壳菌(Valsa sordida)和小穴壳菌(Dothiorella g(?)egaria)。本文指出了7个诱病因子,提出化学药物和营林技术防治这种病害的具体措施。  相似文献   

正形数和胸高形数的关系及特性的讨论   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

李悦黎 《林业科学》1995,31(5):467-473

胸高形数ｆ１．３是一系正形数ｆｎ的一个子集，具有ｆｎ的特性。根据数学推导和伐倒木计算ｆｎ的特性与相对高ｎ和形状指数ｒ，ｆ１．３与树高ｈ和ｒ的关系如下：当ｒ固定时ｆｎ随ｎ的增大而增大，ｆ１．３随ｈ的增大而减小；当０．０３≤ｎ≤０．２２时，同一ｎ的ｆｎ，当５．８７≤ｈ≤４３．４４ｍ时，同一ｈ的ｆ１．３均可反映体型，它们的值越大则体型越饱满，亦可作为材积换算因子比较合适，当０．３７＜ｎ＜１时，同一ｎ的ｆ  相似文献   

Cell-cycle-dependent Colonization of Mouse Spermatogonial Stem Cells After Transplantation into Seminiferous Tubules     

Kei ISHII  Mito KANATSU-SHINOHARA  Takashi SHINOHARA 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2014,60(1):37-46

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) migrate to the niche upon introduction into the seminiferous tubules of the testis of infertile animals. However, only 5–10% of the transplanted cells colonize recipient testes. In this study, we analyzed the impact of cell cycle on spermatogonial transplantation. We used fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator transgenic mice to examine the influence of cell cycle on SSC activity of mouse germline stem (GS) cells, a population of cultured spermatogonia enriched for SSCs. GS cells in the G1 phase are more efficient than those in the S/G2-M phase in colonizing the seminiferous tubules of adult mice. Cells in the G1 phase not only showed higher expression levels of GFRA1, a component of the GDNF self-renewal factor receptor, but also adhered more efficiently to laminin-coated plates. Furthermore, this cell cycle-dependency was not observed when cells were transplanted into immature pup recipients, which do not have the blood-testis barrier (BTB) between Sertoli cells, suggesting that cells in the G1 phase may passage through the BTB more readily than cells in the S/G2-M phase. Thus cell cycle status is an important factor in regulating SSC migration to the niche.  相似文献