No evidence that nitrogen enrichment affect fungal communities of Vaccinium roots in two contrasting boreal forest types     

Takahide A. Ishida  Annika Nordin 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2010,42(2):234-243

In boreal forests ericaceous shrubs often dominate the forest floor vegetation. Nitrogen enrichment has been shown to decrease shrub abundance and in this study we explored whether it also affects the root associated fungal communities. Fine roots of Vaccinium myrtillus were collected in a Norway spruce dominated forest and of Vaccinium vitis-idaea in a Scots pine dominated forest. In both forests, nitrogen enrichment was experimentally induced by adding 12.5 and 50 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ for 12 (spruce forest) and four (pine forest) years. Based on terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms, subcloning and sequencing analyses, the root associated fungal communities were examined. We found 93 fungal species including Asco-, Basidio- and Zygo-mycota. In general, the Rhizoscyphus ericae aggregate was the most dominant and this was followed by Herpotrichiellaceae and Sebacina. Ordination analysis revealed that nitrogen enrichment did not change species composition of the fungal communities in neither the spruce nor the pine forest, while fungal community structures were clearly discriminated between the dominant shrub species in each forest. Similarly, no fungal species showed a significant response to nitrogen enrichment. Therefore, nitrogen enrichment appears to have no effect on root associated fungi of understorey dwarf shrubs in boreal forests, while it is clear that spruce and pine forests harbor distinctive communities of these fungi.  相似文献   

Genetic characteristics of self fertility in highbush and half-high blueberries     

Richard E. Harrison  James J. Luby  Peter D. Ascher 《Euphytica》1993,67(1-2):79-88

Summary Parents and ten progeny from each of ten controlled crosses, and thirteen progeny from G65 x Ashworth were self and outcross pollinated to study the inheritance of self fertility and the associations between self fertility and zygotic inbreeding levels in highbush and half-high blueberry genotypes. Reductions in self fertility were apparently a response to increased inbreeding. Both percent fruit set and seeds per pollination were negatively associated with family zygotic inbreeding coefficients. Although inbreeding depression was responsible for much of the observed self fertility responses, an environmental component was apparent as well. A continuous distribution of self fertility levels among the G65 x Ashworth progeny provided little evidence for simple inheritance of this trait. Estimates of heritability were not significant and some evidence of specific combining ability was detected, indicating that parental self fertility was not predictive of the self fertility of the progeny in this study. Variation for self fertility including high levels in some individuals indicates a potential level of self fertility which could be incorporated into future selections and cultivars.  相似文献   

Habitat and survival of capercaillie Tetrao urogallus nests and broods in the Bavarian alps     

Ilse Storch 《Biological conservation》1994,70(3):237-243

The capercaillie Tetrao urogallus has become endangered in central Europe, most probably as a result of habitat changes. Breeding ecology was studied by following radio-tagged hens through egg-laying, incubation, and chick-rearing between 1988 and 1992. Loss of chicks rather than nests was the main determinant of reproductive success. All adult hens incubated, two-thirds of the nests hatched, and one-fifth of the chicks survived until autumn. Both nests and broods were mostly found in habitats with rich ground vegetation. Nest cover was probably a major factor for hatching success. Brood home ranges averaged 148 ha during the period from hatching to late summer. Broods preferred old forest stands with rich ground vegetation and high invertebrate abundance, which occur under moderate canopy cover. Bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus was an essential feature for brood habitat at forest stand, home range, and landscape scale, and should therefore be a major goal for capercaillie habitat management in central Europe.  相似文献   

乌饭树组织培养技术     

蔡升  续晨  宰学明  蔡小宁 《北方园艺》2021,(5):114-118

以乌饭树嫩枝作为外植体,对乌饭树组织培养技术中无菌外植体获得、不定芽产生、生根培养等步骤进行研究,以期建立乌饭树组培快繁技术。结果表明:最有效的消毒方法是用0.1%氯化汞浸泡外植体10 min。WPM基本培养基适合诱导乌饭树外植体不定芽的产生,MS基本培养基不适合诱导乌饭树外植体产生不定芽。WPM+ZT 2.0 mg·L^-1培养基上的不定芽诱导率最高,为97.7%。添加马铃薯切块的培养基明显促进了丛生不定芽的伸长,因此适合丛生不定芽伸长的培养基为WPM+ZT 1.0 mg·L^-1+马铃薯切块100 g·L^-1。已伸长的芽转移至1/2WPM+NAA 1.0 mg·L^-1+活性炭500 mg·L^-1培养基上生根效果较好,6周后可达到94.7%的生根率。  相似文献   

Survival of submerged larvae of cranberry girdler, Chrysoteuchia topiaria, in the laboratory     

Sheila M. Fitzpatrick   《Crop Protection》2007,26(12):1810-1816

Flooding for several days in late summer or early fall is reported to control larvae of the cranberry girdler, Chrysoteuchia topiaria (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), which feed on roots of cranberry, Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton (Ericales: Ericaceae). During flooding, larvae float to the surface or remain submerged. Floating larvae are vulnerable to bird predation, but the fate of submerged larvae has not been studied. The factorially designed laboratory experiments reported here examined survival of submerged cranberry girdler larvae at water temperatures of 10, 15 or 20 °C, and flood durations of 24, 48 or 72 h. These conditions are characteristic of floods applied to western Canadian cranberry farms. In the first year of the study, more submerged larvae survived at 10 °C than at 15 or 20 °C, and more survived 24-h submersion than 48- or 72-h submersion; there was no difference between survival at 15 and 20 °C or 48- and 72-h submersion. In the second year of the study, when there were no 10 °C treatments, more submerged larvae survived at 15 than at 20 °C, and more survived 24-h submersion than 72-h submersion; survival after 48 h was not significantly different from survival after 24 or 72 h. In both years, there was no interaction effect of water temperature and duration of submersion: survival of submerged larvae decreased with longer flood durations and higher temperatures. Dissolved oxygen concentrations before submersion ranged from 5.8±0.1 to 6.3±0.2 ppm in the first year, and 5.5±0.1 to 5.7±0.1 ppm in the second. After submersion, dissolved oxygen concentrations in cups with larvae were approximately 0.5 ppm lower than in cups without larvae, suggesting that larvae continued to respire and use oxygen for some time after submersion. Results of the experiments are used to improve guidelines for flooding to control cranberry girdler larvae.  相似文献   

Effect of Vaccinium vitis procyanidin on regulation of glioma cell growth     

ZHONG Yue  QI Ling  SHEN Nan  WANG Wei-yao  TIAN Jing  WANG Yan-chun 《园艺学报》2014,30(4):603-608

AIM: To explore the effect of Vaccinium vitis procyanidin on the growth of glioma cells. METHODS: Glioma C6 cells were cultured and divided into control and 10, 20 and 40 μg/L Vaccinium vitis procyanidin groups. The influence of Vaccinium vitis procyanidin on the growth of C6 cells was measured by MTT assay and the observation under inverted microscope. The apoptotic rate was detected by Annexin V/PI staining. The protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bax was determined by immunocytochemistry. The protein levels of Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3 were also examined by Western blotting. RESULTS: The growth of C6 glioma cells was inhibited by Vaccinium vitis procyanidin at concentrations of 10, 20 and 40 μg/L. The growth was significantly inhibited in 40 μg/L Vaccinium vitis procyanidin group at 24 h and 48 h, and in 20 and 40 μg/L Vaccinium vitis procyanidin groups at 72 h (P<0.01). The density of the cells was decreased when the concentration of Vaccinium vitis procyanidin increased. The apoptotic rate was increased when the concentration of Vaccinium vitis procyanidin increased either. The expression of Bcl-2 was decreased and Bax was increased after 10, 20 and 40 μg/L Vaccinium vitis procyanidin treatments. The ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 was increased when the dose of Vaccinium vitis procyanidin increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The expression of Bcl-2 was decreased (P<0.01), and Bax and caspase-3 were increased after 10, 20 and 40 μg/L Vaccinium vitis procyanidin treatments. The ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 was increased when the dose of Vaccinium vitis procyanidin increased (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Vaccinium vitis procyanidin inhibits the growth of glioma cells by down-regulating Bcl-2 protein and up-regulating Bax protein to activate caspase-3, thus inducing apoptosis.  相似文献   

乌饭树叶色素作为天然染料用于真丝织物的染色试验     

田恬  陈国强 《蚕业科学》2011,37(5):859-865

为开发适合于真丝织物染色的天然染料及其染色工艺,以乌饭树叶色素作为染料,研究其用于真丝织物染色的性能及染色工艺条件。测试结果表明,乌饭树叶色素的提取液具有良好的热稳定性,在30～100℃范围内的色光稳定性均较好;在酸性至弱酸性条件下具有稳定的颜色,而在中性至碱性条件下随pH值变化溶液显示不同的颜色。通过单因素试验确定最佳染色工艺条件为:染液pH 2～6或7～8,染色温度98℃,染色时间60 min,染液质量浓度60～80 g/L,染色次数1次。采用以上工艺以乌饭树叶色素提取液对真丝织物染色,不需添加其它化学助剂和金属盐,染色方法简单,在染液的2个pH值范围可分别将织物染成固定的颜色,染色后的真丝织物皂洗色牢度均可达到5级,日晒色牢度可达到3～4级,且保持了真丝织物特有的光泽度,因此认为乌饭树叶色素适用于高档真丝内衣的染色。  相似文献   

宣威市蓝莓引种试验初报   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孔垂勇 《山东林业科技》2011,41(1):48-50

2004年2月,宣威市从贵州省麻江县引进5个兔眼蓝莓（Vaccinium ashei）品种进行栽培试验,通过3年的试种观察表明,所引进的品种在本地生长良好。各品种表现出良好的适应性和抗逆性,适宜在当地种植。  相似文献   

大兴安岭越桔果皮中的天然宝石红色素   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘德文  姚德坤  冯志欣  马箐丽 《东北林业大学学报》2001,29(2):106-108

研究了越桔红色素的提取工艺、色素性质及其稳定性。越桔果皮宝石红色素应选择70%乙醇作溶剂，该色素色价高，吸光度值超过20，最大吸收波峰在520nm，属花青素类色素，产品质量稳定，适用于酸性食品添加剂。  相似文献   

Prognosis and correction of iron chlorosis in peach trees: Influence on fruit quality     

Manuel Sanz  Jesús Pascual  Javier Machín 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(11):1567-1572

A floral analysis for iron (Fe) content allowed for the prognosis of the incidence of the Fe chlorosis on peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) trees (c.v. ‘Babygold 7’ grafted on seedlings) with high reliability. From a total of 35 peach trees analyzed, six of them had floral Fe dry matter concentrations less than 133 ppm and these six trees later developed severe Fe chlorosis in their leaves. The early detection and correction of Fe deficiency permitted us to measure the influence of Fe chlorosis on fruit quality as Fe correction resulted in a doubling of frait size and avoidance of the delay of frait ripeness that occurred on the Fe‐deficient trees.  相似文献