香梨园苹果蠹蛾和梨小食心虫性诱集技术     

崔笑雄  李志雄  麻正辉  吾不拉依木·卡那提别克  熊仁次  姚永生 《新疆农业科学》2020,57(3):519-527

【目的】研究香梨园苹果蠹蛾和梨小食心虫性诱集技术。【方法】在阿拉尔地区设计田间诱集效果试验,比较不同诱捕器类型、不同诱捕器颜色、诱捕器悬挂不同高度和方位、不同性诱芯个数对梨小食心虫和苹果蠹蛾诱集数量,研究香梨园梨小食心虫和苹果蠹蛾的发生动态和性诱集的关键技术。【结果】梨小食心虫在该果园1年发生5代,苹果蠹蛾发生4代。几种诱捕器对梨小食心虫和苹果蠹蛾都有一定的诱集效果,其中船型平板粘胶诱捕器诱集效果最好,诱集梨小食心虫总量为1 832头,诱集苹果蠹蛾总量为581头,其次为水盆诱捕器,但差异不显著;绿色和蓝色水盆诱捕器对梨小食心虫和苹果蠹蛾的诱集效果差异不明显;当诱捕器设置高度为1.5 m时,诱集苹果蠹蛾和梨小食心虫效果最好。但诱捕器设置高度为1.5和2.0 m时,诱集梨小食心虫和苹果蠹蛾效果差异不显著,但显著优于诱捕器设置高度为1.0 m;西、北方位诱集梨小食心虫和苹果蠹蛾效果显著优于东、南方位,其中北方诱集梨小食心虫数量最多,效果最好,西方诱集苹果蠹蛾数量最多,效果最好;诱芯个数越多,诱集效果越好,但诱捕器安放诱芯剂量为1个、2个诱集梨小食心虫和苹果蠹蛾的效果差异不显著。【结论】使用苹果蠹蛾和梨小食心虫性诱集技术可有效防治2种蛀果性害虫。  相似文献   

莲雾果实挥发物对橘小实蝇的引诱作用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

金菊  阮赞誉  黄珍富  赖贵炎  黄颂颂  范骁凌 《华南农业大学学报》2015,36(3):71-77

【目的】研究莲雾Syzyzgium samarangense果实挥发物对橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis的引诱作用.【方法】利用Y型嗅觉仪测试橘小实蝇对5个莲雾品种(黑珍珠、印度红、大叶、泰国红钻石、巴掌)的成熟果及黑珍珠果的5个不同发育阶段挥发物的行为反应,并通过室内接虫研究该虫对5个莲雾品种的产卵选择性;利用固相微萃取法(SPME)和气质联用(GC-MS)技术对5个莲雾品种成熟果的挥发物成分进行分析;依据黑珍珠不同发育阶段挥发物成分的变化,并结合5个莲雾品种挥发物成分,测试9种合成的单体化合物对橘小实蝇的引诱效果.【结果和结论】5个莲雾品种及黑珍珠果不同发育阶段的挥发物对雄虫无引诱作用(P0.05);不同品种对雌虫具有不同的引诱作用,其相对引诱率为黑珍珠(40.75%)印度红(39.40%)大叶(34.76%)泰国红钻石(23.02%)巴掌(15.54%);黑珍珠果不同发育阶段的挥发物质对雌虫的引诱作用随着果实成熟逐渐增强;橘小实蝇的产卵选择性结果[黑珍珠(517.0头)大叶(433.0头)印度红(357.0头)泰国红钻石(305.7头)巴掌(200.0头)]与嗅觉反应结果基本一致.各品种的挥发物主要成分及相对含量分别是黑珍珠(12种,80.27%);印度红(6种,23.56%);大叶(6种,69.90%);泰国红钻石(11种,96.97%);巴掌(9种,95.1%),表明品种间挥发物成分差异很大.乙酸异丁酯、癸醛、β-石竹烯、莰酮4种化合物对橘小实蝇雌虫有明显的引诱作用,γ-萜品烯、α-法尼烯和邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯3种化合物仅对性成熟的雌虫有明显的引诱作用;这些化合物中乙酸异丁酯、γ-萜品烯和莰酮对雄虫亦有引诱作用.同一种化合物,对性成熟橘小实蝇的引诱作用强于对性未成熟的引诱作用,对雌虫的引诱作用远大于对雄虫的引诱作用,尤其是对性成熟雌虫的引诱作用最强.  相似文献   

10种人工鱼礁模型对黑鲷幼鱼的诱集效果   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

周艳波  蔡文贵  陈海刚  陈丕茂  吕国敏  贾晓平 《水产学报》2011,35(5):711-718

为了解不同人工鱼礁的集鱼效果,在试验水槽内观察了深圳杨梅坑人工鱼礁区实际投放的10种礁体模型对黑鲷的诱集效果。结果表明,未投放礁体模型时,试验鱼在距离水槽中心40~70 cm的区域出现频次最高,且在试验水槽中分布较为分散。分别将10种礁体模型放入水槽后,对有礁及无礁时试验鱼随距离出现的频次进行曲线趋势回归显示,1-8号礁体模型试验中试验鱼出现频次最大的区域为距离水槽中心20~50 cm,而9号和10号礁为体试验鱼出现频次最大的区域则为距离水槽中心10~40 cm,分别比对照组试验鱼最大出现频次区域向中心点近移了20 cm和30 cm,说明10种礁体模型对试验鱼均有一定的诱集效果。对试验结果做模型礁诱集效率指数显示,模型礁体对试验鱼的诱集效果由强到弱分别为10号礁>9号礁>1号礁>2号礁>7号礁>4号礁>5号礁>6号礁>8号礁>3号礁。  相似文献   

Sex organ extracts and artificial hormonal compounds as sex pheromones to attract broodfish and to induce spawning of Chinese black sleeper (Bostrichthys sinensis Lacépède)     

Wan-Shu Hong  Shi-Xi Chen  Qi-Yong Zhang  & Wei-Yun Zheng 《Aquaculture Research》2006,37(5):529-534

Ovarian, testicular and seminal vesicle extracts of mature Chinese black sleeper (Bostrichthys sinensis Lacepede), synthetic steroids 17α‐progesterone (17α‐P), 17α,20β‐dihydroxy‐4‐pregnen‐3one (17α,20β‐P) and prostaglandins PGE₂ and PGF_2α were used in an attempt to attract broodfish and to induce spawning. Furthermore, 17α‐P, PGE₂ and PGF_2α levels were determined in extracts, and PGE₂ and PGF_2α levels were determined in holding and spawning waters. The results showed that ovarian extracts attracted more males than females to enter artificial nests, while testicular and seminal vesicle extracts attracted more females than males. The highest percentage of spawned nests were found when 17α,20β‐P and PGE₂ were administered to the nests, while the largest egg numbers and the mean highest fertilization rate were observed when PGE₂ was added. In ovarian extract, 17α‐P level was higher than levels in testicular or seminal vesicle extracts. The PGE₂ levels were significantly (P<0.05) higher than PGF_2α in the ovarian, testicular and seminal vesicle extracts. The PGE₂ and PGF_2α levels in spawning waters were higher than those in holding waters. The PGE₂ levels were greatly significantly (P<0.01) higher than PGF_2α in spawning and in holding waters. The results suggest that the sex organs of B. sinensis contain 17α‐P, 17α, 20β‐P, PGE₂ and PGF_2α and that 17α‐P, 17α,20β‐P and PGE₂ may act as sex pheromones in this species, attracting both male and female conspesifics to spawning sites and inducing spawning. Among the compounds tested, PGE₂ was the most effective sex pheromone for induction of spawning in B. sinensis.  相似文献   

Disentangling habitat and social drivers of nesting patterns in songbirds     

S. J. Melles  D. Badzinski  M.-J. Fortin  F. Csillag  K. Lindsay 《Landscape Ecology》2009,24(4):519-531

Nest locations of breeding birds are often spatially clustered. This tendency to nest together has generally been related to a patchy distribution of nesting habitat in landscape studies, but behavioral studies of species with clustered breeding patterns draw attention to the importance of social and biotic factors. Indeed, it is becoming increasingly apparent that the breeding system of many territorial, migrant birds may be semi-colonial. The reasons for, and extent of, spatial clustering in their breeding systems are not well understood. Our goal was to tease apart the influence of habitat availability and social drivers of clustered breeding in a neotropical migrant species, the hooded warbler (Wilsonia citrina). To test alternative hypotheses related to clustered habitat or conspecific attraction, we combined a habitat classification based on remote sensing with point pattern analysis of nesting sites. Nest locations (n = 150, 1999–2004), collected in a 1213 ha forested area of Southern Ontario (Canada), were analyzed at multiple spatial scales. Ripley’s K and pair-correlation functions g (uni- and bivariate) were used to test whether nests were clustered merely because potential nesting habitat was also clustered, or whether nests were additionally clustered with respect to conspecifics. Nest locations tended to be significantly clustered at intermediate distances (particularly between 240 and 420 m). Nests were randomly distributed within available habitat at larger distance scales, up to 1500 m. A reasonable hypothesis to explain the detected additional clustering, and one that is consistent with the results of several behavioral studies, is that females pack their nests more tightly than the available habitat requires to be situated closer to their neighbors’ mates. Linking spatially explicit, point pattern analysis with strong inference based on Monte Carlo tests may bring us closer to understanding the generality and reasons behind conspecific attraction at different spatial scales. F. Csillag—deceased.  相似文献   

Effects of garlic powder on feeding attraction activity,growth and digestive enzyme activities of Japanese seabass,Lateolabrax japonicus     

Anle Xu  Jingbo Shang‐Guan  Zhongbao Li  Zhan Gao  Yongchun Huang  Qiang Chen 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2020,26(2):390-399

The study was to investigate the effects of garlic (Allium sativum) powder on feeding attraction activity, growth performance and digestive enzymes of juvenile Japanese seabass, Lateolabrax japonicus (initial weight: 29.82 ± 0.24 g). Six concentration gradients (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 g/kg diets) were formulated for luring and feeding experiment. The results showed a clear attractive trend of garlic powder for L. japonicus. A 28‐day feeding experiment indicated garlic could reduce the feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p < .05). The content of the body crude lipid was significantly increased at 10–15 g/kg diet (p < .05). Digestive enzyme activities including trypsin, amylase (AMS) and lipase (LPS) in the intestine were the highest at 10 g/kg diet (p < .05). Overall, garlic powder provides a promising and effective method for Japanese seabass healthy culture by improving fish growth and digestive ability. The results of this research suggested the additive suitable dosage of garlic powder was about 10 g/kg diet.  相似文献   

Does waste feed from salmon farming affect the quality of saithe (Pollachius virens L.) attracted to fish farms?     

Ingebrigt Uglem  Kilian Toledo‐Guedes  Pablo Sanchez‐Jerez  Eva Marita Ulvan  Tor Evensen  Bjrn Steinar Sther 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(4):1720-1730

Salmon farms attract large amounts of wild fish, which prey on uneaten feed pellets. The modified diet of the wild fish aggregating at salmon farms may reduce the flesh quality of the fish, influencing the local fisheries. We compared the quality of saithe (Pollachius virens) captured near (farm associated—FA) or more than 5 km away (un‐associated—UA) from salmon farms in Norway. The fish were captured during summer, autumn and spring using two commercial fishing methods (jigging and bottom nets). Overall, the fillet quality of FA saithe was good, although it was clearly reduced for almost 10% of the catch. Moreover, the quality of the FA saithe was significantly reduced compared with UA saithe, but the differences were small. Our results also showed that fish caught with jigging had better quality than fish caught with nets, and that fish that died in the nets were of lower quality than fish that were alive after hauling. There was no clear variation among seasons in fillet quality. Although no major and overall differences in quality were found between FA and UA saithe, reduced quality for even a modest proportion of the fish may influence the value of the total catch.  相似文献   

如何增强中职《机械基础》课堂吸引力     

彭素芬 《湖南农机》2016,(9):135-136

《机械基础》课是机械类专业的技术基础课，为学生学习专业课奠定理论基础，是掌握机械操作技能的关键。《机械基础》教材内容零碎、繁杂、抽象、枯燥，对于学习基础薄弱的中职生来说难度较大。如何增强机械基础课堂教学吸引力，提高教学质量，让学生真正能掌握教学大纲要求的内容，笔者在长期教学实践中进行了有效研讨。  相似文献   

四川世界遗产地饮食文化资源旅游开发构想     

王瑛 《安徽农业科学》2013,41(10):4698-4700

四川世界遗产地悠久的历史和特殊的地域条件孕育出内涵丰富且个性鲜明的饮食文化。为取得四川世界遗产地饮食文化资源开发与保护的平衡并强化其作为旅游吸引物的特征,文章提出旅游开发构想:对饮食文化资源进行收集、整理、筛选;对饮食文化资源进行合理开发规划;培育遗产地饮食文化品牌;积极申报饮食类非物质文化遗产;加强饮食文化发展创新人才培养。  相似文献   

A novel method using light for increasing fry yield in guppy breeding tanks     

《Aquacultural Engineering》2013

A novel method for increasing fry yield in guppy breeding tanks was tested in the laboratory and commercial farms. It is based on lighting the fry collecting net baskets to attract newborn guppies into these safe refuges, which in turn reduces their exposure to cannibalism. A laboratory experiment revealed a significantly higher fry yield (by 30.2%) using illuminated net baskets than baskets without light. No significant effect of the timing of fry collection (08:00, 12:00 or 16:00) was found. Under commercial culture conditions in two farms, fry yields significantly increased by 13–28% in various guppy strains, using illuminated baskets. Overall, the results of this study demonstrated the efficacy and high economic potential of the proposed method in increasing fry yield in commercial-size breeding tanks.  相似文献