Manioc peel and charcoal: a potential organic amendment for sustainable soil fertility in the tropics   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

Stéphanie Topoliantz  Jean-François Ponge  Sylvain Ballof 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2005,41(1):15-21

In tropical areas, where crop production is limited by low soil quality, the development of techniques improving soil fertility without damage to the environment is a priority. In French Guiana, we used subsistence farmer plots on poor acidic soils to test the effect of different organic amendments, bitter manioc peel (M), sawdust (Sw) and charcoal (Ch), on soil nutrient content, earthworm abundance and yard-long bean (Vigna unguiculata sesquipedalis) production. The peregrine Pontoscolex corethrurus was the only earthworm species found. Pod production and plant growth were lowest in unamended soil. The application of a mixture of manioc peel and charcoal (M + Ch) improved legume production compared with other organic mixtures. It combined the favourable effects of manioc peel and charcoal. Manioc peel improved soil fertility through its low C:N ratio and its high P content, while charcoal decreased soil acidity and exchangeable Al and increased Ca and Mg availability, thus alleviating the possible toxic effects of Al on plant growth. The M + Ch treatment was favourable to P. corethrurus, the juvenile population of which reached a size comparable to that of the nearby uncultivated soil. The application of a mixture of manioc peel and charcoal, by improving crop production and soil fertility and enhancing earthworm activity, could be a potentially efficient organic manure for legume production in tropical areas where manioc is cultivated under slash-and-burn shifting agriculture.  相似文献   

林下植被对半干旱区不同密度刺槐林地土壤水分环境的指示作用   总被引：17，自引：4，他引：17       下载免费PDF全文

刘晨峰  尹婧  贺康宁 《中国水土保持科学》2004,2(2):62-67

 研究林下植被对不同密度林地土壤水分环境的指示作用,可以为造林营林中的密度调控、提高林分生产力和林分稳定性等,提供理论根据。为此,对山西黄土丘陵沟壑区的14年生人工刺槐(Robiniapseudoacacia)林6种造林密度(1.5m×2m、1.5m×3m、1.5m×4m、1.5m×5m、1.5m×6m、1.5m×7m)林分的土壤水分、林下光照强度等环境因子进行观测,同时,采用样方调查法,对不同密度林内的树木生长情况和林下植物的类型、数量、分布及发育状况进行了研究。结果表明:密度小的林分内,各小环境指标均优于密度大的林分,其中土壤水分、光照强度有显著的随林分密度增大而减小的趋势,刺槐林地内随着林分密度的增大,渐渐出现干旱、半干旱地区成龄人工林土壤干化的现象,林下植被的种类和数量相应减少,物种丰富度和物种多样性指数也降低,且逐步由以鹅观草(Roegneriakamoji),小菅草(Themedaminor)为典型的中生植物,向以角蒿(Incarvilleasinensis),灰绿藜(Chenopodiumglaucum)为典型的旱生植物过渡,反映出林分内的小环境条件随林分密度变化的特征。因此,在半干旱区造林和营林中,密度不可过大,以便提高林分生产力和林分稳定性。  相似文献   

黄土丘陵区不同树龄旱作枣园细根空间分布特征     

李陆生  赵西宁  高晓东  吴普特  李虹辰  凌强  孙文浩 《农业工程学报》2015,31(20):140-146

以黄土丘陵区2、6、10、15龄旱作枣林(Ziziphus jujube cv.Junzao)为研究对象,采用根钻法,距树干0.5、1、1.5 m处、分层(0.2 m)钻取土样,分析了旱作枣林细根随树龄的变化特征。结果表明:随着枣林树龄增大,枣林细根根长密度增加,比根长减小;2龄枣树细根主要分布于径向1.5 m以内和垂向1.6 m以上,10、15龄枣树细根分布超过径向1.5 m和垂向3 m以上,并在株间形成根系高密度区,6龄枣树细根径向分布范围大于2龄,垂向分布与10龄和15龄接近;不同树龄枣林细根根长密度均随土层深度增加而减小,且主要集中在0~0.6 m土层中;随着树龄增加,细根根长密度径向分布无差异(10、15龄)。研究表明:2、6龄枣林应靠近树干地表处施肥,而理论上成熟期10、15龄枣林可在林内任意位置施肥;同时为防止枣林减产和退化,需增加枣林管理措施以有效降低枣树自身奢侈性耗水和非生产性耗水。  相似文献   

种植密度氮肥互作对棉花产量及氮素利用效率的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

李鹏程  董合林  刘爱忠  刘敬然  孙淼  王国平  刘绍东  赵新华  李亚兵 《农业工程学报》2015,31(23):122-130

种植密度和氮肥投入是棉花生产中重要的管理措施,为提高棉花产量与氮素利用效率,于2013-2014年以转Bt+Cp TI品种中棉所79为材料,在河南省安阳市中棉所试验农场设置了3个种植密度(分别为3.00,5.25,7.50株/m~2),4个氮肥用量(分别为0,112.5、225.0、337.5 kg/hm~2,以N计),探讨种植密度与氮肥对棉花产量及氮素利用效率的影响,结果表明:棉花的叶面积指数、生物量与氮吸收量随种植密度和氮肥用量的增加而增加,而收获指数随种植密度和氮肥用量的增加而下降,中密中氮处理(种植密度5.25株/m~2、施氮量225.0 kg/hm~2)单位面积成铃数较多,籽棉和皮棉产量、氮肥回收利用率优于其他处理,高密低氮处理(种植密度7.50株/m~2、施氮量112.5 kg/hm~2)氮肥农学利用效率、氮肥偏生产力、氮生理利用率高于其他处理,而籽棉、皮棉产量与中密中氮处理较接近,研究表明增密减氮可实现棉花的高产高效。  相似文献   

植被分布对地表糙率影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张升堂  梁博  张楷 《水土保持通报》2015,35(5):45-48,54

[目的]分析在植被淹没或非淹没状态不同植被覆盖密度影响下,地表糙率的变化规律与特征,为进一步研究植被对地表糙率的影响提供参考。[方法]试验以塑料棒模拟植被分布,模拟出不同密度,分别进行放水试验。[结果]在植被淹没与非淹没状态下地表糙率的变化不同,在非淹没状态时,地表糙率随着平均水深的增加呈减小的趋势,在淹没水深小时,地表糙率随着平均水深的增加而先增大后减小,而当淹没水深很大时,地表糙率趋向于一个稳定值。[结论]地表糙率取值随植被覆盖密度的增大而增大;同一下垫面情况下,不同的水流方向,地表糙率取值不相同。  相似文献   

Deriving river networks and catchments at the European scale from medium resolution digital elevation data   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Roberto Colombo  Jürgen V. Vogt  Pierre Soille  Maria L. Paracchini  Alfred de Jager 《CATENA》2007,70(3):296-305

The extraction of drainage networks and catchment boundaries from digital elevation models (DEMs) has received considerable attention in recent years and is recognized as a viable alternative to traditional surveys and the manual evaluation of topographic maps. However, most studies have covered limited areas due to the lack of detailed information and/or the lack of highly efficient algorithms. In this paper we present an application that delineates river networks and catchment boundaries across the European continent from a medium resolution (250 m) DEM. We exploit novel algorithms based on the concepts of mathematical morphology and implement a landscape stratification for drainage density.A flow direction grid is computed using an efficient algorithm for the removal of spurious pits. River networks are then derived by imposing a variable threshold for the minimum contributing area needed to form and maintain a channel. This is achieved through a landscape stratification that reflects the ability of the terrain to develop different drainage densities. It is shown that the analysis of environmental characteristics coupled with the analysis of local slope versus contributing area enables river network mapping with a spatially varying drainage density. The result has been validated by comparing the derived data to digital river and catchment data from other sources and with varying scales of observation.  相似文献   

Density and phenology of soil gallmidges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in arable land     

Lise Brunberg Nielsen  B. Overgaard Nielsen 《Pedobiologia》2002,46(1):1-14

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半干旱地区植被恢复过程中林下植被生态位特征的研究   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

王正宁贺康宁  张卫强刘晨峰 刘胜 《水土保持学报》2005,19(5):162-165

应用生态位理论,以黄土半干旱区6个不同密度林分林下草本层植被为研究对象,以林分密度作为资源轴,以物种重要值为生态位计测的状态指标,对林下植被进行生态位计测和分析,揭示林内资源环境利用状况。结果表明:林下植被的生态位宽度值普遍较小,其中阿尔泰紫婉、铁杆蒿等生态位宽度较大,这与无林地相似,同时物种间生态位重叠并不普遍,重叠度普遍不大,各种对间对资源的共享趋势不明显,生态位发生分离,显示了林下植被状况差。  相似文献   

笼养肉仔鸡生产性能及其胴体品质影响因素的研究     

赵芙蓉  李保明  施正香  耿爱莲  周东  董泰丽 《农业工程学报》2006,22(14):112-116

该本文采用三因素三水平正交试验设计，就笼底材料、饲养密度、不同性别组群下3～6周龄AA肉仔鸡的生产性能及其胴体品质进行研究。结果表明：竹竿和塑料笼底下肉仔鸡的胴体品质以及笼养密度11 ～14只／m²下的生产性能较高，以塑料笼底、低密度和公鸡单饲组的肉仔鸡总增重最高，达1.82kg。笼底材料对增重、饲料转化率、屠宰率、腹脂率以及胸肌纤维直径没有影响，但铁丝笼底会导致胸囊肿发病率升高。高饲养密度下能显著降低肉鸡增重和饲料转化率，但肉仔鸡的屠宰率有所增加；而低饲养密度有利于胸肌纤维直径的增加。单饲母鸡的腹脂率显著高于单饲公鸡和公母混群饲养鸡的腹脂率。  相似文献   

土壤结构组成对K+运移障碍因子的定量研究     

WANG Yu  ZHANG Yi-Ping 《土壤圈》2001,11(4):377-382

With six packed columns composed of <1 μm and 5 μm~0.25 mm fractions from an Eum-Orthic Anthrosol (Columns 1~6) and one column of the Eum-Orthic Anthrosol (Column 7), K⁺ transport experiments under the condition of saturated steady water flow were conducted to qualify the effects of soil texture composition on the retardation factor (R) of K⁺ transport. The results showed that the retardation factor of K⁺ transport in the tested soil columns greatly increased with increasing clay contents. In an attempt to use pedo-transfer function (PTF) approach in the solute transport study, a preliminary PTF was established through the six packed columns (Columns 1~6) with soil basic data including soil bulk density, volumetric water content and clay content to predict the retardation factor, and proved valid by the satisfactory prediction of R in Column 7.  相似文献