2-甲基异茨醇降解菌阴沟肠杆菌Z5的分离鉴定及BAC文库的构建   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

么敬静  赵有文  邹霞  崔翠  何进  喻子牛 《华中农业大学学报》2010,29(1):55-58

从采集到的污水样品中分离得到1株高效降解2-甲基异茨醇(2-methylisoborneol,2-MIB)的菌株Z5,通过16S rDNA序列分析,鉴定为阴沟肠杆菌(Enterobactercloacae)。该菌在以2-MIB为唯一碳源的培养基中能正常生长代谢。经气相色谱-质谱分析,发现该菌对2-MIB的降解率高达89.7%。同时,测定了Z5在不同质量浓度2-MIB中的生长情况,结果表明:当2-MIB质量浓度为16μg/L时,其生长状况与在LB中最为接近。为了克隆降解2-MIB关键酶的编码基因并进一步研究其降解途径,本研究构建了E.cloacaeZ5的全基因组BAC文库,该文库覆盖了大约8倍的基因组,共计810个转化子,外源片段平均大小为40 kb。  相似文献   

乙草胺降解菌株Rhodococcus sp.AC-1的分离及降解特性研究     

周庆新  王军华  陈蕾蕾  刘孝永  张翔  裘纪莹  王易芬  陈相艳 《核农学报》2016,(4):662-669

为解决乙草胺残留问题,采用连续传代富集培养的方法,从长期生产乙草胺的农药厂污染土壤中分离筛选到1株乙草胺降解菌株AC-1。经过形态学特征、生理生化特征和16S rRNA基因序列系统发育分析,菌株AC-1被鉴定为红球菌属(Rhodococcus)。菌株AC-1在48h内能将0.2 m M的乙草胺完全降解,但不能矿化乙草胺。借助LC-MS,确定乙草胺降解终产物为2-氯-N-(2-乙基-6-甲基苯基)乙酰胺(CMEPA)。菌株AC-1降解乙草胺的最适温度为30℃,最适p H值为7.5。0.1 m M的Cu2+和Hg2+对菌株AC-1降解乙草胺具有很强的抑制作用,而0.1 m M的Fe2+则对菌株AC-1降解乙草胺具有微弱的促进作用。菌株AC-1对乙草胺的降解效果与起始接种量呈正相关。菌株AC-1对甲草胺和丁草胺表现出良好的降解效果,但对异丙甲草胺的降解能力非常微弱。土壤降解试验表明,投加菌株AC-1可以明显促进土壤中乙草胺的降解。本研究为乙草胺的有效降解提供了数据和技术支持。  相似文献   

联苯菊酯降解菌的筛选、鉴定及降解特性研究     

刘婷婷  董昆明  缪莉  周晓见  靳翠丽  姜薇  封克 《农业环境保护》2012,(6):1147-1152

联苯菊酯是一种广谱高效杀虫剂,大规模的应用使其广泛残留在环境中,因此筛选联苯菊酯的高效降解菌具有重要意义。从扬州农药厂附近的地表土壤取样,利用富集驯化培养分离得到一株编号为S8的降解细菌,经表形特征、生理生化特性和16S rDNA序列分析其为醋酸钙不动杆菌（Acinetobacter calcoaceticus）,该菌株在pH7.0和30 ℃的条件下,对100 mg·L-1联苯菊酯的3 d降解率达56.4%,半衰期为60.7 h。其最适生长条件为：pH6.0~8.0,温度30~35 ℃,接种量5%。研究结果可为今后治理联苯菊酯残留污染提供理论参考。  相似文献   

明胶/PVA类肥料包膜材料的制备与环保性能研究     

刘颖  魏敏  杨平华  耿丹丹 《中国农学通报》2021,37(14):90-96

具有较好环保性能的包膜材料用于缓控释肥生产,可防止膜材料对土壤造成的潜在危害。本文以明胶、聚乙烯醇为原料复合共混制备膜材料,利用红外光谱(FTIR),扫描电镜(SEM)表征材料结构,并研究了膜材料拉伸强度和断裂伸张率力学性能,受控堆肥条件下的生物降解行为,明胶/PVA复合材料包膜尿素的养分缓释性及对小鼠的急性经口毒性。结果表明:当复合膜材料配比为m_(PVA):m_(Gel)=4:1时,组分相容性最好,并表现出良好力学性能、养分缓释性能和生物降解性能,复合材料包膜的肥料对小鼠无毒性作用,具有较好安全性。因此明胶/PVA复合膜材料具有较好的环保性能,其作为缓控释肥料的包膜材料具有较好应用前景。  相似文献   

Evaluation of a new composting method in terms of its biodegradation pathway and assessment of compost quality,maturity and stability     

Antara Seal  Ranjan Bera  Ashis Kumar Chatterjee  Ajit Kumar Dolui 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(9):995-1012

The need for scientific composting methods for effective utilization of organic waste is increasing day by day. In this respect, a new process called the Novcom composting method is being increasingly adopted by the organic tea planters of Assam and Darjeeling (India) for large-scale composting. Study of the biodegradation process under this method and quality evaluation of the end product was carried out at Maud tea estate (Assam) during 2008–2009 and 2009–2010. Generation of high temperatures (>65°C) within the compost heap during the biodegradation process provided an indication regarding the destruction of pathogens and weed seeds in the composted material. Samples collected on day 0, 7, 14, 21 and 30 of composting, were analyzed for physicochemical properties, nutrient status, microbial population, stability and phytotoxicity parameters. The most significant finding was the high microbial population (in the order of 10¹⁶ cfu g^?1) in the final product, which was generated naturally during biodegradation. Assessment of the maturity and stability parameters of the compost indicated that biodegradation was complete in ～3 weeks. The study provided an indication of the potential of the Novcom composting method for the production of good quality, stable and mature compost, within a short period.  相似文献   

Influence of surface printing materials on the degradability of biodegradable plastic films in soil     

Akira Hoshino  Shinzou Kanao  Kenji Fukushima  Shigeichi Sakai  Makoto Kimura 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(6):903-907

Effect of surface printing on the biodegradability of plastic films was studied. Biodegradable films (polybutylene-succinate (PBS)) printed with four kinds of gravure inks were placed in soil for 1 year. The inks consisted of carbon black-pigment with four kinds of resins: poly-(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), nitrocellulose-polyamide blended resin (NT), polyvinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer (V), and nitrocellulose (NC). Degradation of film specimens printed on one side and both sides as well as the control film without printing was monitored every 3 months by collecting sample specimens for the measurement of weight loss. No appreciable degradation was observed until 6 months after placement in soil for the control specimens and until 9 months for the printed specimens. And the degradation of the PCL- and NC-printed specimens with one-side printing and V-printed specimens with both-side printing was significantly slower than that of the control specimens without printing after 9-month placement at p < 0.05. Only after 12 months of placement, was the degradation significantly faster for the specimens printed on one side than for those printed on both sides except of the specimens printed with NC. There was no difference in biodegradability among PCL, NT, NC, and V resins. Specimens printed on both sides did not show any appreciable weight loss after 1 year in soil (percentage of maintenance of weight exceeding 98%). Microscopic observation indicated that the degradation mainly proceeded from the non-printed side to the printed side cross-sectionally.  相似文献   

不同类型全生物降解地膜对芋头产量和土壤环境的影响     

曾晓萍  王立  马金骏  殷剑美  郭文琦  韩晓勇  李春宏  蒋璐  张培通 《中国蔬菜》2022,(2)

芋头是江苏省特色经济作物,栽培面积大,地膜使用率高,但是地膜回收困难、无法自然降解所造成的环境污染,不利于江苏芋头产业的规模化、持续性发展。本试验以聚乙烯(PE)普通地膜为对照,研究聚对苯二甲酸己二酸丁二醇酯(PBAT)和聚乳酸(PLA)全生物降解地膜对芋头产量和土壤环境的影响。结果表明:PLA全生物降解地膜在提高出苗率、促进芋头营养生长方面效果明显,产量较PE地膜增产18.1%~27.3%,开裂时期较为适宜,控制杂草效果较好,能够有效降低人工成本,经济上可行;当年降解率达到80%以上,土壤残膜经1年左右自然降解和清除后,基本对作物生产无影响,可以作为江苏芋头生产中普通PE地膜的替代产品。  相似文献   

近10年中国生物降解地膜研究文献的分析     

刘敏  黄占斌  夏孟婧  张英华  刘金 《农业图书情报学刊》2008,20(5):45-48

随着塑料地膜大量使用, "白色污染"问题日趋严重,生物降解地膜已经成为未来地膜发展的重要方向.本文以1997-2007年间国内有关生物降解地膜的文献为依据,通过CNKI系列数据库检索,采用文献计量法进行分类统计,计量分析文献的年发文量、期刊分布、研究主题、机构分布、合作度和合作率等指标和内容.在分类统计基础上,对10年间生物降解地膜的研究进行分析评价,为了解和把握生物降解地膜研究热点和发展趋势提供依据.  相似文献   

毒死蜱降解细菌WJl-063的鉴定及酶促降解特性   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

王利  余贤美  贺春萍  郑服丛 《热带作物学报》2009,30(3):357-361

从海南某农药厂地土壤中分离到1株能很好降解毒死蜱的菌株WJI-063,经形态特征、生理生化及16s rDNA序列分析,将该菌株初步鉴定为蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus).降解酶降解性能研究表明,该菌株能以毒死蜱作为唯一碳源生长,并且对毒死蜱起主要降解作用的是胞内酶,其传代降解代谢活性稳定.以牛血清白蛋白为标准蛋白,测得粗提酶中可溶性蛋白含量为0.044 mg/mL;在pH5.0～8.0范围内,酶活力表现稳定,通过双曲线法认为该酶降解毒死蜱的最适pH值为8.0;毒死蜱降解酶热稳定性差,最适温度为25℃;该酶与毒死蜱底物结合力强,对毒死蜱具有较好的降解效果,米氏常数Km为201.92nmol/L,最大降解速率为399.36nmol/mg·min.  相似文献   

除草剂阿特拉津微生物降解研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周宁  孟庆娟  王荣娟  张颖 《东北农业大学学报》2008,39(9)

阿特拉津是一种低毒除草剂,但因其长时间大范围使用,造成大面积的土壤、地表水、地下水等环境的污染。目前有关阿特拉津的生物降解是世界上生物降解的研究热点之一,文章综述了阿特拉津及降解产物的分析检测、降解微生物的筛选方法与微生物类群、降解途径与降解酶,并展望了农药降解微生物的应用前景。  相似文献