中微量元素肥料配合施用对水稻生长和产量的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

胡时友  刘凯  马朝红  郭智慧  张晓明  唐一龙  张家学 《湖北农业科学》2016,(20)

单施硅、锌、硼肥或锌硼硅肥配合施用,均可促进水稻生长,改善经济性状,其中锌肥对总苗数、株高和有效穗数的增加作用明显,硼肥则对穗实粒数、结实率和千粒重有较好的增加作用,硅肥对穗总粒数(穗长和大小)有较为明显的增加作用;硅、锌、硼等中微量元素肥料对水稻生长过程中发生的稻瘟病(苗稻瘟、叶稻瘟、穗颈瘟)、稻曲病有较好的抗性,对纹枯病有减轻作用,硅肥对水稻的抗倒作用则更为明显;4个县市的小区试验和大田示范结果表明,单施硅、锌、硼肥或配合施用,均能显著增产,小区试验的增产幅度为7.0%~13.7%,大田示范增产幅度为12.8%~14.7%,锌硼硅肥配合施用效果最显著。  相似文献   

硅锌硼配施对红壤区双季稻产量和群体发育特征的影响   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

杨秀霞  燕辉  陈仁辉  王文姿  况家瑛  商庆银  周春火 《中国土壤与肥料》2016,(6):121-128

水稻是典型的喜锌、喜硅和低度需硼作物,而我国红壤区土壤中硅、硼、锌等主要中微量元素含量普遍偏低,施用硅、锌、硼对水稻生产存在重大影响。以早稻品种中嘉早17和晚稻品种H优518为试验材料,研究硅、锌、硼配施对红壤区双季稻产量和群体发育特征的影响。结果表明:与CK处理相比,早稻季Si+Zn和Si+Zn+B处理产量分别显著增加8.6%和12.6%,晚稻季仅Si+Zn+B处理产量显著增加10.6%;早稻季Si+Zn+B处理有效穗数、结实率和千粒重均显著高于CK处理(P0.05),晚稻季仅Si+Zn和Si+Zn+B处理有效穗数显著增加;早稻和晚稻群体总颖花量与产量之间呈极显著线性正相关关系(P0.001)。与CK处理相比,增施硅、锌、硼后各生育期分蘖数、叶面积指数、SPAD值、生物量积累均有增加的趋势,其中Si+Zn+B处理增加幅度最大。除早稻季Si处理外,早稻季和晚稻季增施硅、锌、硼肥后各处理地上部群体氮素吸收总量均显著高于对照,且Si+Zn+B处理显著高于其他处理(P0.05)。因此,在红壤区双季稻生产中应重视硅、锌、硼等中微量元素的平衡施用,尤其是温度条件较低的早稻季更应重视这些元素的施用。  相似文献   

Physiological and biochemical effects of boron toxicity in mustard during the seedling stage     

Archana 《Journal of plant nutrition》2016,39(6):820-827

A study was conducted to determine the physiological and biochemical effects of boron in seedlings of mustard (Brassica juncea L. var Varuna). For this seeds were sown in petridishes with varying concentrations of boron (0, 0.33, 3.3, 33, 330 mM) in seed germinator. Seed germination and vigor index was found to be decreased and percentage phytotoxicity was increased in seeds with increase in the concentration of boron in germinating solution. There was accumulation of sugars and decreased starch concentration in cotyledons and embryonic axes of growing seedling with increasing boron stress. For the estimation of oxidative damage in cotyledons and embryonic axes of mustard seedlings, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), phenols and activities of antioxidative enzymes- polyphenoloxydase (PPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) were determined. Boron toxicity caused accumulation of H₂O₂, TBARS and phenols and affected the antioxidative enzyme activity in growing seedling components.  相似文献   

New organic substrates and boron fertilizing for production of yellow passion fruit seedlings     

Raissa Rachel Salustriano da Silva-Matos  Gabriel Barbosa da Silva Jr  Adenaelson de Souza Marques  Maciel Lima Monteiro  Josy Anteveli Osajima 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2016,62(3):445-455

The identification of alternative substrates suitable for seedling production is very important, while boron nutrition is also relevant due to plant requirement and its difficult management. Thus, four experiments were carried out from October 2012 to April 2013 to evaluate the effect of substrates using decomposed buriti (Mauritia vinifera Mart.) stem (DBS) and boron fertilizing for seedling production of yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims). The experimental design was completely randomized in factorial scheme 6 × 2 + 1, referring to the substrates [S1: DBS, S2: soil and sand 1:1 (20%) + DBS (80%), S3: soil and sand 1:1 (40%) + DBS (60%), S4: soil and sand 1:1 (60%) + DBS (40%), S5: soil and sand 1:1 (80%) + DBS (20%), S6: commercial substrate (additional treatment) and S7: soil, sand and manure 1:1:2] with and without boron. The seedling emergence, emergence rate, plant height, stem diameter, root length, root volume and dry mass of roots and shoots were recorded. The substrates S2 (without B fertilizing) and S4 (B fertilized with 0.5 mg dm^?3) produced seedlings with more than 3.0 g of shoot dry mass and at least 30 cm in height, and can be used for production of high-quality yellow passion fruit seedlings.  相似文献   

硼在植物体内的生理效应及其对几种重要代谢产物影响的研究进展   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

刘磊超姜存仓  刘桂东董肖昌 《中国农学通报》2014,30(6):268-272

硼是植物必需的重要微量元素之一,在植物体内起着重要的作用,但是硼在植物中属于难移动的元素,加上我国缺硼土壤分布广泛,因此植物中的缺硼现象比较严重。为了更好的了解硼在植物体内详细的代谢规律,本文综述了微量元素硼在植物体内的生理效应及其调控机制,总结了植物的主要缺硼症状及不同硼水平条件下对植物的生理伤害,并着重分析了硼对几种重要代谢产物包括糖类、蛋白质、核酸、激素等的影响,介绍了微量元素硼影响植物的多种生理代谢过程,指出了硼在影响细胞膜稳定性、蛋白质数量、酚类、酶类等的代谢与分布的关系上仍需进一步深入探讨。  相似文献   

硼、钼元素对苜蓿种子的增产效果   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

李科  朱进忠 《草业科学》2009,26(1):61-63

采用质量分数为0.4%、0.6%、0.8%的硼砂和0.05%、0.07%、0.09%的钼酸铵在苜蓿Medicago sativa的现蕾期、初花期、盛花期进行叶面喷施。试验结果表明:硼、钼对苜蓿种子增产及种子形成因素有明显效应。其中以质量分数为0.05%的钼酸铵处理对苜蓿种子增产效果最明显,产量增加35%;每花序结荚数增加54.37%,分枝数增加10.96%,荚果种子粒数增加35.68%。硼砂以质量分数为0.8%的处理效果较好,种子产量增产15.56%。  相似文献   

硼中毒对固始鸡肾脏组织结构的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李升和  华荣胜  顾有方  王珏  彭克美  金光明  刘德义  陈会良 《甘肃农业大学学报》2009,44(5)

将120羽1日龄固始鸡随机分为对照组和试验组,在饮水中添加硼,添加量分别为04、00 mg.L-1,试验期6周,研究硼中毒对固始鸡肾脏组织结构的影响.每周末每组取鸡10羽,颈动、静脉放血致死,立即解剖取肾脏,制成石蜡切片,HE染色,Olympus显微摄影系统观察并摄影.结果显示,试验组1-4周龄肾脏组织结构病理变化明显,血管球萎缩,结构模糊,甚至碎解,肾小囊腔变大,肾小管受损明显;5周龄起,试验组肾脏的组织结构呈现一定恢复状态,但仍可见一定数量结构受损的肾小体、肾小管和集合小管.结果表明,饮水添加400 mg.L-1硼对固始鸡肾脏的组织结构与功能具有明显的损伤和毒性作用.  相似文献   

硼、钼对油菜萌发特性及幼苗生理特性的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙婷  刘鹏  蒋春霞  何旦 《贵州农业科学》2009,37(4)

为全面了解硼、钼与植物膜脂过氧化作用机理,以油菜雅油1号为研究材料,通过对硼、钼不同浓度及适量、过量2个维度的设置,研究了硼、钼对油菜种子萌发特性和幼苗生理特性的影响.结果表明:1)1mg/kg硼或钼处理对油菜萌发后幼苗的生长最有利,且促进作用硼大于钼;而10mg/kg硼或钼处理基本已对油菜生长产生抑制作用.2)缺硼、缺钼对幼苗MP和MDA含量基本无影响,但提高了SOD、CAT和POD的活性;高硼使得幼苗MP和MDA含量显著增加,并抑制了SOD、CAT和POD的活性,而高钼处理没有此效应.  相似文献   

Effect of boron and sulfur interaction on some important biological indices in an inceptisol     

Mitali Mandal  Dilip Kumar Das 《Journal of plant nutrition》2018,41(2):197-209

In most soil ecosystems, soil biological activity and associated processes are concentrated in the rhizosphere soil and is influenced by the external application of plant nutrients. The impacts of boron and sulfur on soil biological properties were evaluated in an Aeric Haplaquept (pH 5.7) growing rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.) as a test crop. Application of boron (B) at 2 mg kg^?1 in combination with sulfur (S) at 30 mg kg^?1 (B₂S₃₀) resulted in highest available Boron and sulfur of 0.239 and 15.4 mg kg^?1, respectively and registered 62.5% and 71.3% increase over control (B₀S₀) at 60 days of crop growth compared to individual applications. The microbial populations viz. phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) and nitrogen fixing bacteria (NFB) were the highest of 52.63 and 85.87 × 10⁵ g^?1 soil, respectively, CFU in B₂S₃₀ treatment at 60 days and adjudged as the best treatment combination for enhancement of soil biological indices and seed yield.  相似文献   

Effect of foliar boron application on boron,chlorophyll, phenol,sugars and hormones concentration of olive (Olea europaea L.) buds,leaves, and fruits     

E. S. Hegazi  T. A. Yehia  M. E. Hashim 《Journal of plant nutrition》2018,41(6):749-765

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of different time and rates of boron (B) foliar application on olive (Olea europaea L.) tree's tissue boron concentration, total phenol, chlorophyll, total soluble sugars, and endogenous hormones. A field experiment was conducted during two successive seasons 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 using 20 years old olive trees cv. Frantoio. The trees are grown in sandy soil planted at 5 × 5 m apart under drip irrigation system at the Nuclear Research Center Experimental Farm, Inshas, El-Qaliubiya Governorate, Egypt. Boron was applied foliarly as boric acid at the following rates (0.0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 mg L^?1) at flower initiation and after 1 and 2 months from flower initiation. Results showed that boron was significantly effective in increasing leaf, bud, and fruit boron concentration. Total phenol concentration in leaves and buds were significantly highest in the control treatment, significantly decreased as the boron application rate increased. Total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and b, and total soluble sugars significantly increased as the boron application rate increased and the highest increase was achieved at 200 mg L^?1 boron concentration rate. Leaf and bud endogenous indole acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) were highest in the control treatment; they decreased as the boron application rate increased. However, gibberellic acid (GA₃) increased in response to boron treatments compared with the control. The maximum increase was observed at 200 mg L^?1 boron rate. We concluded that boron is mobile in olive tree as reproductive organs accumulated more boron than vegetative organs. There is evidence that boron is involved in reduction of phenols, increase in fruit set, and in sugar transport. A balance in endogenous hormones (IAA, GA, ABA) concentrations in olive tree has induced the maximum fruit set and yield.  相似文献