Effects of surfactants on primisulfuron activity in barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli [L.] Beauv.) and green foxtail (Setaria viridis [L.] Beauv.)     

DEBANJAN SANYAL  PRASANTA C. BHOWMIK  KRISHNA N. REDDY 《Weed Biology and Management》2008,8(1):46-53

Laboratory and greenhouse studies were conducted to measure the contact angle of primisulfuron droplets with and without surfactants on the leaf surfaces of barnyardgrass and green foxtail, to determine the primisulfuron activity on these weed species, and to examine the spray deposit of primisulfuron with and without surfactants on the leaf surface of green foxtail using scanning electron microscopy. A non-ionic surfactant (NIS) and an organosilicone wetting agent (OWA) were used. The contact angles of 1 μL droplets were measured on the leaf surface using a goniometer. The activity of primisulfuron on barnyardgrass and green foxtail was assessed at 3 weeks after treatment based on visual injury and the fresh weight. The contact angles of the droplets of primisulfuron on the adaxial surface of the barnyardgrass and green foxtail leaves were 152° and 127°, respectively, when applied without surfactant. The addition of either surfactant markedly reduced the contact angle for both weed species, which was lowest when the OWA was added to primisulfuron. The percentage injury of barnyardgrass was very low, even at the higher rate of primisulfuron, regardless of the surfactant. Primisulfuron at 40 g ha⁻¹ controlled 43% of green foxtail without surfactant, which increased to 65% with the NIS and 83% with the OWA. Primisulfuron with a surfactant markedly reduced the fresh weight of green foxtail compared with primisulfuron applied alone, regardless of the primisulfuron rate and surfactant type. The scanning electron micrographs showed a uniform deposit of spray droplets, with close contact of the droplets to the leaf epicuticular surface in green foxtail in the presence of a surfactant compared with no surfactant. The enhanced primisulfuron activity on green foxtail with surfactants was related to the reduced contact angle and uniform deposition of the primisulfuron spray droplets on the leaf surface.  相似文献   

16种植物乙醇提取物对桔全爪螨的生物活性测定     

莫茂军吴洪基  韩诗畴赵一虎　苏丽婷 《昆虫天敌》2008,30(1):44-49

测定了16种植物乙醇提取物对桔全爪螨成螨的产卵忌避、驱避及毒杀生物活性。试验结果表明,海芋、山苍子及盐肤木茎叶的乙醇提取物有明显的产卵忌避作用,忌避率在96.43%以上;山苍子、枫香植物乙醇提取物对桔全爪螨成螨的驱避作用明显,驱避率在80%以上;山苍子、盐肤木茎叶、牡荆和幌伞枫提取物对桔全爪螨成螨的毒杀效果明显,在处理72h后,死亡率在92%以上。  相似文献   

苯甲醛苯甲酰腙的合成及生物活性研究     

李水清  王伟 《广东农业科学》2011,38(21)

以苯甲醛、苯甲酸甲酯、水合肼为原料,合成了苯甲醛苯甲酰腙。经元素分析、红外光谱对目标化合物进行了结构表征,并研究了苯甲醛苯甲酰腙对蓼蓝齿胫叶甲的生物活性。结果表明,苯甲醛苯甲酰腙对蓼蓝齿胫叶甲幼虫具有较强的触杀活性和胃毒活性,而拒食作用较弱。  相似文献   

生物炭和乙醇改性生物炭对铜的吸附研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

尹英杰  朱司航  徐东昊  楚龙港  陈冲  赵晶晶  商建英 《农业环境科学学报》2017,36(9):1877-1883

为研究生物炭和乙醇改性生物炭的特性及其对铜的吸附能力,选取小麦秸秆为原料,在300、450、600℃条件下热解制备生物炭,用于研究乙醇改性生物炭的产油率、生物炭和乙醇改性生物炭的表面官能团变化、亲水性能及其对Cu~(2+)的吸附特性。结果表明:乙醇改性生物炭产油率随热解温度升高而增加。生物炭和乙醇改性生物炭不同温度接触角范围为122.6°~89.3°和96.0°~68.7°,乙醇改性生物炭亲水性明显高于未经改性生物炭。生物炭和改性生物炭对Cu~(2+)的吸附符合二级动力学模型,生物炭吸附速率常数达1.535 g·mg~(-1)·h~(-1),乙醇改性生物炭为1.073 g·mg~(-1)·h~(-1)。二者对Cu~(2+)的等温吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,生物炭和乙醇改性生物炭最大吸附量分别为44.3 mg·g-1和41.7 mg·g-1,说明使用乙醇萃取生物炭生物质油后,仍能保持90%左右的Cu~(2+)吸附效率。  相似文献   

杆齿式残膜回收机卸膜过程分析及高速摄像试验   总被引：8，自引：8，他引：0  

谢建华  陈学庚  孙超伟 《农业工程学报》2017,33(10):17-24

为解决残膜回收中卸膜不可靠、卸膜率低的问题,基于MB(Majumdar-Bhushan)接触分形理论,分析杆齿式残膜回收机卸膜工作过程中拾膜杆齿和卸膜刮板间的接触载荷与形变量的关系及其动力学影响因素。运用ANSYS软件对拾膜杆齿和卸膜刮板的接触过程进行仿真分析,并通过高速摄像试验追踪了拾膜杆齿末端的运动轨迹,测量卸膜过程中拾膜杆齿与卸膜刮板前端的最大形变量。结果表明,当拾膜机构转速为36 r/min时,拾膜杆齿和卸膜刮板前端的最大形变量分别为15.741、49.733 mm;当机具行进速度为0.85 m/s且机具行进速度与拾膜杆齿轴线速度比为1.5时,机具有较高生产效率,能保证可靠卸膜。该研究结果可为拾膜、卸膜机构的运动参数优化提供参考。  相似文献   

Toxicity of diafenthiuron to honey bees in laboratory,semi‐field and field conditions     

Johnson Stanley  Subramanian Chandrasekaran  Gnanadhas Preetha  Sasthakutty Kuttalam 《Pest management science》2010,66(5):505-510

BACKGROUND: Cardamom, an important spice crop often attacked by many insect pests, is controlled mainly using synthetic insecticides. As honey bees play a vital role in pollination in cardamom, the impact of insecticides on honey bees needs to be explored to assess its safety. RESULTS: Risk assessment based on contact toxicity revealed diafenthiuron to be a non‐selective insecticide to bees with a low selectivity ratio (the ratio between the LD₅₀ for beneficial and pest species). A dose of diafenthiuron that killed 90% of cardamom borer, Conogethes punctiferalis Guenee, was found to kill 100% of Indian bees. Based on the hazard ratio (the ratio between the field‐recommended dose and the LD₅₀ for the beneficial), diafenthiuron was found to be slightly to moderately toxic to bees. Diafenthiuron, even at low concentrations of LC₁ (the concentration that killed 1% of bees), was found to affect the foraging and homing behaviour of Indian bees. Of bees fed with 30 µg mL^?1 of diafenthiuron, 40% were found missing on the third day after exposure. However, diafenthiuron did not affect bee visits to the cardamom fields. CONCLUSION: Diafenthiuron is more highly toxic to Apis cerana indica F. than to C. punctiferalis by contact, using selectivity ratio and probit substitution methods of risk assessment, but the hazard ratio revealed diafenthiuron to be a slightly to moderately toxic chemical. Diafenthiuron was found to affect the foraging and homing behaviour of bees at sublethal concentrations. Thus, sublethal effects are more relevant in risk assessment than lethal and acute effects. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

浅谈德全亚麻厂的污水处理     

吴桂芹 《林业科技情报》2010,42(3):82-84

依据建设单位要求,在满足出水水质的前提下,选用技术先进、建设投资少、成熟、可靠的工艺方案,利用接触氧化法,处理后的污水完全能够达到国家标准,并可排放或回用。  相似文献   

薰衣草油与肉桂油对朱砂叶螨的生物活性和行为分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

程作慧  马新耀  刘耀华  章慧敏  李锐  李生才 《植物保护学报》2016,43(3):493-500

为明确在室内条件下薰衣草油、肉桂油对朱砂叶螨Tetranychus cinnabarinus(Boisduval)的生物活性,采用喷雾、熏蒸法测定了薰衣草油和肉桂油对朱砂叶螨的触杀活性、产卵抑制活性和熏蒸活性,并分析了2种精油的亚致死剂量对雌成螨运动行为的影响。结果表明:与肉桂油相比,薰衣草油对朱砂叶螨的触杀活性较强,经浓度为1%的薰衣草油喷雾处理后,雌成螨、若螨24 h后的死亡率分别为64.07%和52.22%,LC_(50)分别为0.41%和0.89%;浓度为2%的薰衣草油对雌成螨产卵的抑制作用最强;与肉桂油相比,薰衣草油的熏蒸活性也较强,熏蒸雌成螨6、12和24 h后的死亡率分别为70.37%、85.19%和95.19%,LD_(50)分别为0.94、0.59和0.39μL;随精油剂量增加雌成螨运动轨迹紊乱,触壁反射活动减少,移动范围明显减小,而移动频率先升高后降低。研究表明,与肉桂油相比,在朱砂叶螨的生物防治中薰衣草油具有更高的应用价值。  相似文献   

基于离散元的玉米种子颗粒模型种间接触参数标定   总被引：20，自引：13，他引：7  

王云霞  梁志杰  张东兴  崔涛  史嵩  李克鸿  杨丽 《农业工程学报》2016,32(22):36-42

由于EDEM(离散元法)中建立的玉米种子颗粒模型与实际玉米种子在外形、表面粗糙度等方面存在差异,若直接将实际测量的物性参数引入EDEM中进行仿真,会出现仿真失真的情况。针对此问题,该文提出一种建立数学回归模型主动寻找目标参数的方法,简化标定过程,将仿真试验和真实试验相结合,对玉米种子颗粒模型的种间静摩擦系数和滚动摩擦系数两个关键参数进行标定,使其在EDEM中建立的玉米种子颗粒重新获得与真实颗粒相近的物理特性。利用两种接触材料(有机玻璃板与铝质圆筒)进行玉米种子堆积角仿真试验,建立两个自变量为种间静摩擦系数、种间滚动摩擦系数的二元回归方程。以实际测量种群堆积角作为已知目标量进行数值求解,求得EDEM中玉米种间静摩擦系数和滚动摩擦系数这两个目标参数:玉米种间静摩擦系数为0.0338,玉米种间滚动摩擦系数为0.0021。将标定的玉米种子物性参数输入EDEM中进行仿真试验,通过提取关键特征尺寸和图像边界将试验结果与实际试验结果进行对比,结果表明:关键特征尺寸数值差异在4.70%以内,标定后的玉米种子堆积角边界与实际情况更接近,提高了仿真结果的可靠性。  相似文献   

管土接触作用下管道沉陷复杂应力分析     

王联伟  张雷  董绍华  路民旭 《油气储运》2013,(11):1179-1182

场地沉陷是导致埋地管道破坏的重要原因之一.应用管道与土体接触作用的半无限屈服理论,建立了沉陷作用下管土相互作用模型,以土壤和管道自重为载荷,计算了沉陷区长度、壁厚、内压、管径、管土摩擦因数、管道埋深等复杂因素作用下的管道应力,分析了其对管道Mises应力的影响规律,进而评估管道的安全性.算例分析结果表明,该方法能够较好模拟管道的破坏过程,可为沉陷区域埋地管道数值模拟提供理论依据.（表3,图7,参10）  相似文献