Canopy density in stands of Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris after different thinning methods     

《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1-4):483-492

Altogether 82 plots (261 estimations) of Picea abies (L.) Karst, and 193 plots (360 estimations) of Pinus sylvestris (L.) stands were estimated by a vertical tube. The “crown free projection”, CFP, of stands thinned in three methods with different thinning grades was measured: unthinned, heavily and very heavily thinned, heavily thinned delayed first thinning, extra heavily thinned and thinned from the top. Basal area (m²ha^?1) density (stems ha^?1) and diameter sum (m ha^?1) were plotted against CFP. Basal area was the best practical measure of stand in this study. Generally Scots pine stands have higher CFP and the curves are steeper than in Norway spruce stands. Depending on the grade of thinning, heavily and very heavily thinned spruce stands, delayed first thinning included, have CFP values of 10–15% and stands thinned from the top, 20–40%, compared with 30–80% and 30–60% respectively in pine stands. Extra heavily thinned stands have the highest CFP, 20–80% in spruce and 50–90% in pine stands. The CFP levels after thinning are too high in pine stands for avoidance of sucker and sprout production of aspen and birch. In dense Norway spruce stands thinned from the top or heavily and very heavily thinned, the CFP values are low enough (≤30%) to diminish the production of suckers.  相似文献   

Rooting Success of Cuttings from Young Picea abies in Transition to Flowering Competent Phase     

《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(6):498-504

Abstract

Abundant flowering occurred in a central Swedish trial with 10-yr-old Picea abies L. (Karst.) cuttings, taken on 4-yr-old seedlings. Large deviations in cone-set between clones were assumed to reflect different stages in transition from juvenile to flowering competent phase. Rooting success and first-yr growth performance (leader length, leader origin and plagiotropic growth) were studied on cuttings originating from the upper and lower parts of the crown in 15 clones with heavy cone-set and 15 clones without cones. Twigs from the lower part of the crown had a significantly higher rooting percentage. Cone-set did not have an effect on any of the variables analysed. The results suggest that flowering ability and rooting capacity are independent age-related processes, implying that selection for high rooting capacity in clonal forestry does not reduce flowering competence. The results will have a great impact on breeding of P. abies, since both early flowering and high rooting ability are important traits for reducing the turnover time of the breeding cycle.  相似文献   

不同杨树品种冠径比的差异性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

袁继池  周忠诚  侯开举  冷艳芝  孙宪猛  江建国 《湖北林业科技》2013,(2)

对32个杨树品种冠幅与胸径比例关系的差异性进行比较,结果表明:不同杨树品种冠径比存在极显著差异,107杨、鲁山杨、W46杨、95杨、895杨等5个品种具有生长快和冠径比小的优点。冠径比在品种选择和密度确定等方面具有一定参考价值。  相似文献   

间伐对尾巨桉树冠和材性的影响及其各性状相关性     

叶露  周维  陈健波  邓紫字  余玉珠 《广西林业科技》2013,(3):218-221

对尾巨桉（Eucalyptus urophylla×E.grandis）无性系人工林隔行间伐和不间伐（对照）处理下的植株树冠和木材物理材性进行调查和测定。结果表明：间伐后第3年,尾巨桉无性系的树冠高度、冠幅半径、FAKOPP应力波速度、生长应变和Pilodyn值与对照相比,无显著差异;冠幅半径在东、南、西、北4个方向间存在显著差异,方向间的差异性受间伐影响;2个营林处理下的冠幅均向西、南2个方向间的区域偏移;FAKOPP应力波值在4个测定方向间无显著差异;对照和间伐处理下的生长应变各测定方向间均存在显著差异,但不同测定方向间的Pilodyn值无显著差异;各测定性状间无显著相关关系。由此说明,隔行间伐措施可调节树冠空间分布,但不影响林分树冠大小和主要木材物理材性。  相似文献   

OsBELL4A调控水稻WOX家族基因表达及水稻幼苗生长和耐逆     

高雅迪  戚义东  王芳芳  黄荣峰  王娟  秦华 《中国农业科技导报》2019,21(12):23-32

根系不仅对地上部分起着重要的支撑作用,也是植物吸收水分和养分的主要器官。为了研究BELL家族因子在植物生长发育及逆境胁迫应答中的功能,通过与拟南芥序列对比,鉴定到水稻4个BELL4同源基因,它们的启动子含有ABRE、GARE、ERE、ARE和DRE等应答逆境胁迫和激素信号的元件。在水稻根中进行实时定量PCR分析表明,这4个BELL4同源基因不仅受到干旱、低温以及盐等逆境胁迫诱导,而且还受到植物激素乙烯、赤霉素以及脱落酸的调控,表明这些基因可能应答多种激素及逆境胁迫。进一步分析OsBELL4A干扰材料表型发现,抑制OsBELL4A基因能够促进WOX家族基因的表达水平,并抑制水稻苗期初生根生长,但使冠根数量增多。这些结果表明水稻BELL4同源基因OsBELL4A在水稻根系发育及逆境胁迫应答中可能具有重要的调控功能。  相似文献   

不同种衣剂处理对小麦茎基腐病的田间防治效果评价     

王祥会  焦玉霞  赵艳丽  惠祥海  许玲  郭立  张莉  曹增  胡英华  关秀敏 《农学学报》2023,13(7):7-11

小麦茎基腐病是由镰刀菌侵染引起的一种重要的真菌性土传病害,在小麦产区呈流行态势,严重威胁中国小麦的安全生产。本研究评价了不同的种衣剂处理、以及返青期喷药对小麦茎基腐病的综合防控效果。从拌种剂对苗期的影响来看：多粘类芽孢杆菌（≥5亿cfu/g）FC+三氟吡啶胺(200 g/L)FS组合能显著增加麦苗的4项评价指标,且能显著降低苗期的病株率。拔节期调查发现：各处理都能较好的控制小麦茎基腐病的扩散流行,以多粘类芽孢杆菌（≥5亿cfu/g）600mL FC+三氟吡啶胺(200 g/L)300mL FS组合效果最好,病株率为15.55%。灌浆期调查结果表明：多粘类芽孢杆菌（≥5亿cfu/g）FC+三氟吡啶胺(200 g/L)FS组合能较好控制小麦茎基腐病,病茎率为17.78%~23.33%,防效为77.27%~83.74%。最终的测产结果表明：多粘类芽孢杆菌（≥5亿cfu/g）FC+三氟吡啶胺(200 g/L)FS组合最优,小麦增产率为16.03%~17.55%,生产上可以采用此药剂组合进行种子包衣预防小麦茎基腐病。  相似文献   

苯醚甲环唑拌种对小麦根际微生物群落的影响     

冯超红  李丽娟  张姣姣  王俊美  李亚红  刘露露  韩自行  石瑞杰  万鑫茹  徐飞  宋玉立 《植物保护》2024,50(2):163-171

小麦茎基腐病是我国北方小麦主产区的重大病害,对小麦安全生产造成严重威胁。化学农药的使用是最直接有效的防治方法,在植物病害防治中发挥重要作用。苯醚甲环唑是一种具有较高安全性的三唑类杀菌剂。本课题前期明确了苯醚甲环唑拌种对小麦茎基腐病有一定的防治效果,且促生增产,但其对小麦根际微生物的影响尚不清楚。本文研究了苯醚甲环唑拌种对茎基腐病田中小麦根际土壤微生物的影响,结果表明,苯醚甲环唑拌种处理对小麦分蘖期,拔节期和灌浆期根际微生物的alpha和beta多样性均无显著影响,但使分蘖期镰孢属的相对丰度显著降低。微生物共现网络分析表明,苯醚甲环唑拌种处理提高了细菌网络的复杂性,降低了真菌网络复杂性,使植株根际微生物网络更接近健康植株根际的特征。该研究从根际微生物的角度为苯醚甲环唑防治小麦茎基腐病的机制研究及对土壤微生物的安全性评价提供理论依据。  相似文献   

Effects of green pruning on growth and stem shape of Eucalyptus nitens (Deane and Maiden) Maiden   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Pinkard  E. A.  Beadle  C. L. 《New Forests》1998,15(2):107-126

An experiment was established in two high quality Eucalyptus nitens Deane and Maiden (Maiden) plantations in Tasmania. At the start of the experiment the trees were three years old and the plantations were on the point of canopy closure. Selected trees were pruned to remove 0, 50% or 70% of the lower green crown length, and each was surrounded by eight unpruned trees. The 50% treatment had no impact on height or diameter increment in the two years following treatment, but removal of 70% of the lower crown length resulted in significant decreases in both height and diameter increment. There were no changes in the height of 50%-pruned trees relative to the height of surrounding unpruned trees (relative height), and it was concluded that dominance would not be affected by this treatment. The relative height of 70%-pruned trees was less at one site, and this treatment may result in loss of dominance. Stem taper was generally unaffected by either pruning treatment. Changes in stem form were restricted to trees in the 70% pruning treatment and were only transient. It was concluded that removal of 50% of the lower green crown length is an appropriate level of pruning for the species provided that growth rates are rapid and pruning is timed to coincide with canopy closure. Since dominance was unaffected by this level of pruning, thinning at the time of pruning is unnecessary. It may be possible to minimise the impact on growth of higher levels of pruning by thinning at the time of pruning.  相似文献   

Evidence of Migration and Endophytic Presence of Agrobacterium tumefaciens in Rose Plants   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Rubén Martí  Jaime Cubero  Antonio Daza  Jaime Piquer  Carmen I. Salcedo  Clara Morente  María M. López 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1999,105(1):39-50

Agrobacterium tumefaciens was isolated from stem tumors of several rose cultivars showing that the bacterium is the causal agent of aerial galls in rose plants. No differences were observed in the characteristics of the Agrobacterium isolates from crown or aerial galls. Stem inoculation of ten rose cultivars showed that all of them were susceptible to A. tumefaciens but differences in the size of the resulting tumors were observed. The movement of A. tumefaciens in rose plants was demonstrated using two wild type strains and two antibiotic resistant mutants. Three months after inoculation, the inoculated strains were recovered in the roots, crown and below and above the inoculation site but low numbers of pathogenic Agrobacterium cells were isolated. New tumors appeared in 5% of the noninoculated wounds. A. tumefaciens was isolated from the stem at different distances from the tumor in naturally infected plants. In symptomless commercial plants, the isolation from the roots, crown and at different stem levels demonstrated the existence of systemic and latent infections in rose. Direct isolation using a nonselective and selective media with or without a previous enrichment step were efficient methods for isolating tumorigenic Agrobacterium from the different parts of rose plants.  相似文献   

小麦茎基腐病防治药剂及抗病品种的筛选     

付燕子  朱运启  王峭  朱立林  王保通  李强 《植物保护学报》2024,51(2):324-333

为获得防治小麦茎基腐病的有效药剂和抗病品种,测定12种杀菌剂对小麦茎基腐主要病原菌假禾谷镰孢菌Fusarium pseudograminearum的室内毒力、对小麦生长的影响及对小麦茎基腐病的室内防治效果,并鉴定144份小麦品种（系）对茎基腐病的抗性。结果表明,12种杀菌剂对假禾谷镰孢菌均有一定的抑制效果,其中15%氰烯菌酯·5%己唑醇的抑制率最高,EC₅₀为0.002 mg/L,其次是6.6%嘧菌酯·1.1%咯菌腈·3.3%精甲霜灵、25 g/L咯菌腈和430 g/L戊唑醇,EC₅₀分别为0.016、0.069和0.099 mg/L。12种杀菌剂拌种处理对小麦出苗、株高、根长和鲜重均有不同程度的影响,尤其对出苗率影响最大,其中15%氰烯菌酯·5%己唑醇处理的出苗率最低,为30.41%。15%氰烯菌酯·5%己唑醇拌种处理的防治效果最好,为70.43%;其次是430 g/L戊唑醇和25 g/L咯菌腈·37.5 g/L精甲霜灵,防治效果分别为56.34%和53.34%。在供试144份小麦品种（系）中,仅3份对小麦茎基腐病表现为中感,其余141份均表现为高感,无免疫和抗病品种。综上,目前防治小麦茎基腐病时建议选用15%氰烯菌酯·5%己唑醇等杀菌剂进行拌种处理,但应严格控制药剂用量,以防影响小麦出苗。  相似文献