Components of genetic variation for resistance of strawberry to Phytophthora cactorum estimated using segregating seedling populations and their parent genotypes     

D. V. Shaw  J. Hansen  G. T. Browne  S. M. Shaw 《Plant pathology》2008,57(2):210-215

Strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa ) seedlings from 50 bi-parental crosses among 20 elite genotypes were evaluated for resistance to Phytophthora cactorum after artificial inoculation. Plots of seedlings or runner plants were rated using a disease severity score and the percentage of stunted plants per plot. The distribution of cross means for percentages of plants with stunting was highly skewed; 79% of the inoculated seedlings showed some level of stunting compared to non-inoculated control seedlings, and all but one of the crosses had 50% or more stunted plants. Disease severity scores for the bi-parental crosses were normally distributed and expressed a range of variation not reflected by the percentage of visibly stunted plants. Factorial analysis based on seedling plot means demonstrated significant additive genetic variance for the disease severity score, and the additive genetic variance was 1·9 times greater than the estimated dominance variance. The cross-mean heritability was     for the severity score. Estimates of the additive genetic variance component using the covariance of severity scores obtained from the seedling analysis and with severity scores for their parents evaluated in a commercial environment were similar,     and 0·30, respectively. Most of the selection response obtained through genotypic selection would thus be transferred to segregating offspring.  相似文献   

RNAseq analysis reveals the role of secondary metabolism in the response of URS 21, a race‐nonspecific resistant cultivar,to crown rust          下载免费PDF全文

A. de A. Figueiró  J. L. Gonzalez‐Hernandez  M. T. Pacheco  R. N. Reese  G. L. de Morais  F. Guzman  P. Swaminathan  C. A. Delatorre 《Plant pathology》2017,66(5):702-712

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茎基腐亚洲镰孢菌侵染抗感小麦品种的组织病理学观察     

赵芹  张向向  邓渊钰  李伟  孙海燕  陈怀谷 《植物病理学报》2017,47(2):203-213

小麦茎基腐是由多种镰孢菌侵染的世界性土传病害,亚洲镰孢菌(Fusarium asiaticum)是我国冬小麦主产区茎基腐镰孢菌的优势种群,对小麦生产造成巨大损失。本研究利用绿色荧光蛋白报告基因标记亚洲镰孢菌,研究其侵染抗感小麦的病理组织学过程,建立了茎基腐病菌与寄主互作的直观性的研究体系,对病害防治及抗病育种具有重要意义。基于PEG-CaCl_2介导原生质体转化法将gfp导入亚洲镰孢菌株CF0915,对转化子进行荧光表达、PCR验证、遗传稳定性、生长特性及致病力分析,选取与野生型表现相近的转化子进行侵染分析。结果表明,绿色荧光蛋白基因(gfp)与潮霉素基因(hyg)PCR扩增表明gfp已整合入真菌基因组中,转化子菌丝与分生孢子表现强烈绿色荧光信号,gfp能够在转化子中稳定遗传,菌落形态、生长速度及致病力与野生型菌株无显著差异;将gfp标记病菌分生孢子接种感病品种1 d后,大量孢子附着于根毛及根表皮细胞开始萌发,接种2 d后观察到抗性品种分生孢子萌发;感病品种接种3 d后,菌丝直接侵入表皮细胞或沿表皮细胞间层定殖生长,扩展至皮层组织,8 d后菌丝从根部迅速扩展至茎基部,至第10 d大量菌丝充塞根皮层细胞,叶鞘维管束也被菌丝侵染,并产生大量大型分生孢子,植株表现褐色病斑,14 d后根部及茎维管束被大量菌丝体填充,而后产生大量厚垣孢子,至25 d大部分感病品种幼苗萎蔫死亡;与感病品种相比,抗性品种在整个侵染过程中表现时间滞后。本研究对引起茎基腐病的亚洲镰孢菌侵染小麦的组织学过程观察,为病菌致病机理的阐释及抗病资源的利用提供了重要理论依据。  相似文献   

拮抗根癌土壤杆菌的桃内生细菌的筛选鉴定     

李昱佳  李茜  张志想  李世访 《中国农业科学》2017,50(20):3918-3929

【目的】从对根癌病具有获得抗性(SAR)的桃单株"西北13-1"的枝条内分离鉴定内生细菌,分析其种群组成并从中筛选拮抗根癌土壤杆菌的高效生防菌,为桃根癌病的生物防治探索新方向并提供新的生防菌资源。【方法】首先,将根癌土壤杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)接种到"西北13-1"的桃树枝条上,并以无菌水接种作为对照;然后,分别于接种前、接种后10 d和接种后60 d采集接种处理和对照处理的"西北13-1"枝条。表面消毒桃树枝条样品后采用涂布平板法分离内生细菌;并结合16S r DNA序列鉴定,比对初步鉴定菌株,分析内生细菌的数量及组成差异。采用平板拮抗法、温室防病效果测定筛选拮抗根癌土壤杆菌的活性菌株,通过生理生化测定和分子鉴定,明确其分类地位。为揭示拮抗菌可能具有的其他拮抗作用机制,通过电击转化将含有GFP基因的p BBR1MCS-2质粒导入拮抗菌株中,然后进行GFP标记菌株对根癌土壤杆菌的抑菌试验、生长动力学分析、稳定性测试。采用灌根法提前接种标记菌株菌悬液,第2天接种根癌土壤杆菌菌悬液,应用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜和平板稀释法研究标记菌株在番茄根部的定殖情况。【结果】从"西北13-1"桃枝条中共分离到108株内生细菌,基于16S r DNA序列,这些菌株分别属于伽马变形菌类(Gammaproteobacteria)、阿尔法变形菌类(Alpharoteobacteria)、放线菌类(Actinobacteria)、厚壁菌类(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌(Bacteroidetes),共计5个细菌类群17个属,显示了桃树枝条中内生细菌丰富的种群多样性。其中,伽马变形菌类的肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)、泛菌属(Pantoea)和根瘤菌属(Rhizobium)最多,其数量在接种根癌土壤杆菌后显著上升,包含了14株产抑菌圈的拮抗菌中的10株细菌。经鉴定,筛选出的两株抑菌活性较高、具有生防潜力的拮抗菌10DM4-1和10DI2-2分别为泛菌(Pantoea deleyi)和肠杆菌(Enterobacter cowanii),它们可显著抑制向日葵根癌瘤的形成,防治效果分别为86.08%和89.87%。标记菌株10DM4-1-gfp和10DI2-2-gfp灌根番茄后,可在根部细胞间隙观察到目标菌落,标记菌株的数量在0—10 d时呈现急剧下降趋势,最后保持相对稳定的较低水平(104CFU/g),说明了它们在番茄根组织内具有良好的生存和定殖能力。【结论】桃"西北13-1"的内生菌中存在着能够拮抗根癌土壤杆菌的细菌,这些具有拮抗活性的菌株与桃"西北13-1"具有根癌病抗性有关。分离得到的泛菌10DM4-1和肠杆菌10DI2-2可能通过产拮抗物质、占据根部有利生态位拮抗根癌土壤杆菌。  相似文献   

Crown and branch attributes of mid-aged Betula alnoides plantations in response to planting density     

Chun-Sheng Wang  Ji Zeng  Sebastian Hein  Zhi-Gang Zhao  Jun-Jie Guo 《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2017,32(8):679-687

Both crown and branch characteristics greatly affect tree growth and timber quality, and their development is closely related to planting density (PD). Here crown and branch attributes of Betula alnoides were investigated in a 14-year-old experimental plantation in southern China with five planting densities ranging from 500 to 3333 stems per hectare (sph). The results showed that high PD significantly reduced crown and branch sizes. The ratios of crown diameter to stem diameter at breast height at the stand level and for dominant and co-dominant trees were almost constant regardless of PD. PD also had no significant influence on the number and angle of branches, and only planting with the highest density significantly increased branch density and mortality. Insertion angle (IA) of dead branches was greater than that of live branches and these differences were significant at the two low planting densities (833 and 500?sph). Linear mixed models revealed that branch diameter (BD) was negatively correlated with its relative height in the crown and IA. The binary-logistic regression model indicated that branch status (live or dead) was codetermined by BD and PD. These findings can help farmers cultivate high-quality wood of B. alnoides and obtain a higher economic return.  相似文献   

兴安落叶松天然林树冠生长特性分析   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

玉宝  乌吉斯古楞  王百田  王立明 《林业科学》2010,46(5)

分析兴安落叶松天然林分级木和林分冠生长特性,建立冠幅生长及单株冠、枝、叶生物量模型。结果表明:1)年龄36～39年、密度983～3263株·hm-2林分和年龄54～61年、密度1101～2241株·hm-2林分,随林分密度增加,分级木冠幅差距趋于减小;冠长占树高比例及冠长与冠幅比值增加;优势木、平均木和被压木平均冠积分别达22.479,15.296,6.179和26.864,11.154,8.192m3。2)年龄36～39年和54～61年林分优势木、平均木和被压木平均单株冠生物量分别为0.0082,0.0049,0.0009和0.0079,0.0038,0.0014t;占单株地上生物量平均比例分别达18.5%,24.2%,17.3%和15.9%,12.0%,20.5%。3)单株冠生物量分配中,枝比例高于叶比例,并因分级木不同而不同。年龄36～39年和54～61年林分,优势木、平均木、被压木枝生物量比例分别为76.6%,74.7%,66.6%和76.8%,73.3%,71.4%;叶生物量比例分别为23.4%,25.3%,33.4%和23.2%,26.7%,28.6%。4)年龄36～39年和54～61年林分,林分...  相似文献   

低温弱光对苗期紫花苜蓿根颈生理特性的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

张彩峡  呼天明 《草业科学》2010,27(5):72-75

以秋眠级不同的2个紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa品种(巨人201和WL414)为试验材料,研究了其在低温(0~5℃和5~10℃)与弱光[50和100μmol/(m2.s)]互作处理条件下的生理响应。结果表明:紫花苜蓿根颈在低温弱光胁迫下启动了自身应激机制,对逆境胁迫做出了适应性反应,相同弱光条件下,低温0~5℃比5~10℃对根颈的影响显著,过氧化物酶活性上升幅度较小,而超氧化物歧化酶活性的下降和丙二醛含量的增加幅度均较大;相同低温处理,弱光50μmol/(m2.s)处理对根颈生理指标影响更为显著,过氧化物酶活性上升、超氧化物歧化酶活性下降和丙二醛含量增加幅度大于弱光100μmol/(m2.s)处理;巨人201各项指标的变化都优于WL414,表明巨人201抗寒耐弱光能力都可能优于WL414。  相似文献   

基于大比例尺航片的单株立木坐标提取     

李超  李凤日  王胜蕾  岳树峰  王绪鹏  刘银帮  金光泽 《东北林业大学学报》2010,38(12)

以凉水林场1:8 000大比例尺航片上的树冠影像为基础,通过栅格矢量转换、转换算法调整及图层矢量编辑生成了红松(Pinus koraiensis)树冠多边形图层。在ArcGIS中对该图层通过VBA(Visual Basic For Applica-tions)编程调用多边形属性算法,提取红松树冠多边形的重心作为红松立木的坐标,并与实地实时动态差分法RTK(Real-Time Kinematic)精确定位面积为9 hm2的阔叶红松林样地内红松立木坐标数据进行了检验与分析。结果表明,对于胸径(HDB)达到30 cm以上的红松,其坐标提取精度达到90%以上,且径阶越高,提取精度越高。  相似文献   

污泥对矮牵牛的应用效果   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

史红文  丁昭全  刘勇 《北方园艺》2010,(14):88-89

采用盆栽法研究了污泥对矮牵牛的应用效果。结果表明:生长在污泥和花园土中的矮牵牛物候期相同;污泥肥料栽培的矮牵牛的冠幅和花朵数量显著高于园土栽培的矮牵牛(始花期的花朵数除外),但5种污泥配比处理之间并无显著差异;污泥与园土的比例为3∶7时,矮牵牛的冠幅最大,花朵数量最多。  相似文献   

Abiotic soil properties and the occurrence of Rhizoctonia crown and root rot in sugar beet     

Jürgen Kühn  Rudolf Rippel  Urs Schmidhalter 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2009,172(5):661-668

Since 1993, Rhizoctonia crown and root rot (Rhizoctonia solani AG 2–2 IIIB) has represented an increasing problem for sugar beet production in Germany. Up to now, the outbreak of the infection and the spread of the disease within a field cannot be predicted and effective countermeasures are not available. Although little is known about the living conditions of R. solani in soils, abiotic soil properties are likely to influence the disease occurrence. Investigations were carried out based on 60 pairwise comparisons, each consisting of a disease‐affected and an adjacent nonaffected patch on farmers' fields in 2002 and 2003. Soil samples from the top soil layer (0–30 cm) were collected before harvest, and eight of the most frequently mentioned soil properties potentially influencing Rhizoctonia crown and root rot infection were examined: bulk density, texture, carbonate carbon, potassium, phosphorus, organic carbon, total nitrogen, and pH. The occurrence of the disease was significantly related to the soil C : N ratio, indicating the influence of soil organic matter on the disease occurrence. Examinations of soil thin sections showed that organic‐matter particles in the soil serve as a substrate for R. solani. All other soil physical and chemical properties examined did not differ between the disease‐affected and nonaffected patches and seem to be of minor importance.  相似文献