黄土高原旱地土壤水资源管理   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

李开元 《水土保持通报》1995,15(6):34-38

该论述了黄土高原土壤水资源的数量、性质和动态规律，提出了土壤水资源管理应从提高作物耗水量，水分利用效率和建立水分良性循环的植制度３个途径进行。  相似文献   

氯化氯代胆碱提高黄土高原旱地小麦水肥效应机理的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

赵先贵  肖玲 《水土保持通报》1996,16(2):29-31

通过模拟试验及＾１５Ｎ追踪技术，研究了ＣＣＣ浸种对黄土高的旱地小麦水肥效应影响的机理。结果表明：１％ＣＣＣ浸种可使土壤深层根的重量增加８６．４％，并可提高旱地小麦再生新的要力达２０％以上，对追施氮肥的利用能力较对照高２０％，产量提高了１６．４％。  相似文献   

黄土高原旱地不同施肥对土壤肥力与产量的影响   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

HAO Ming-De  FAN Jun  WEI Xiao-Rong  PEN Lin-F  LAI Lu 《土壤圈》2005,15(2):189-195

Long-term fertility experiments have become an important tool for investigating the sustainability of cropping systems. Therefore, a long-term (18-year) fertilization experiment was conducted in Changwu County, Shaanxi Province, China, to ascertain the effect of the long-term application of chemical fertilizers and manure on wheat yield and soil fertility in the Loess Plateau, so as to provide a scientific basis for sustainable land management. The experiment consisted of nine fertilizer treatments with three replicates arranged in a completely randomized design: 1) CK (no fertilizer); 2) N (N 120 kg ha-1); 3) P (P 26.2 kg ha-1); 4) NP (N 120, P 26.2 kg ha-1-2); 5) M (manure 75 t ha-1); 6) NM (N 120 kg ha-1, manure 75 t ha-1); 7) PM (P 26.2 kg ha-1, manure 75 t ha-1); 8) NPM (N 120 , P 26.2 kg ha-1, manure 75 t ha-1); and 9) fallow (no fertilizer, no crop). N fertilizer was applied in the form of urea and P was applied as calcium super phosphate. The results showed that precipitation had a large effect on the response of wheat yield to fertilization. Manure (M), NP, PM, NM, and NPM treatments significantly increased (P < 0.05) average yield. In the NP, PM, NM and NPM treatments, the percentage increases in yield due to fertilization were highest in normal years, and lowest in the drought years. Long-term P application enhanced soil available P markedly, and manure applications contributed more to soil fertility than chemical fertilizers alone. Chemical fertilizers applied together with manure distinctly improved soil fertility. The results also showed that the soil nutrient concentration changed mainly in the 0--60 cm layers and fertilization and planting only slightly affected soil nutrients below the 100 cm layers.  相似文献   

耕作、残茬及施肥管理对土壤有机质动态变化影响的情景分析   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

WANG Xiao-Bin  CAI Dian-Xiong  W. B. HOOGMOED  O. OENEMA  U. D. PERDOK 《土壤圈》2005,15(4):473-483

Based on data from 10-year field experiments on residue/fertilizer management in the dryland farming region of northern China, Century model was used to simulate the site-specific ecosystem dynamics through adjustment of the model＇s parameters, and the applicability of the model to propose soil organic carbon （SOC） management temporally and spatially, in cases such as of tillage/residue/fertilization management options, was identified v/a scenario analysis.Results between simulations and actual measurements were in close agreement when appropriate applications of stover,manure and inorganic fertilizer were combined. Simulations of extreme C/N ratios with added organic materials tended to underestimate the measured effects. Scenarios of changed tillage methods, residue practices and fertilization options showed potential to maintain and enhance SOC in the long run, while increasing inorganic N slowed down the SOC turnover rate but did not create a net C sink without any organic C input. The Century model simulation showed a good relationship between annual C inputs to the soil and the rate of C sequestration in the top 20 cm layer and provided quantitative estimations of changes in parameters crucial for sustainable land use and management. Conservation tillage practices for sustainable land use should be integrated with residue management and appreciable organic and inorganic fertilizer application, adapted according to the local residue resource, soil fertility and production conditions. At least 50% residue return into the soil was needed annually for maintenance of SOC balance, and manure amendment was important for enhancement of SOC in small crop-livestock systems in which crop residue land application was limited.  相似文献   

干旱缺水地区森林植被蒸散耗水研究   总被引：12，自引：3，他引：12       下载免费PDF全文

王彦辉  熊伟  于澎涛  沈振西  郭明春  管伟  马长明  叶兵  郭浩 《中国水土保持科学》2006,4(4):19-25

 系统总结近年来在宁夏固原六盘山、北京延庆等干旱缺水地区进行的森林植被蒸散耗水研究结果。乔、灌、草作为土壤水分限制型生态系统的坡面植被,蒸散都是水分平衡的最大分项,其中植被蒸腾又是蒸散的最大分项。植被蒸散量一般表现为高大乔木林>亚乔木林>灌木林>自然草地,但人工草地>自然草地。可依坡面产水功能将不同植被分类,自然草地和灌丛为水源生产型,亚乔木林为水源平衡型,高大乔木林和人工草地为水源消耗型。植株密度不是坡面植被蒸散大小的决定性因子,其作用更多的是调控蒸腾量及其占蒸散比例。虽然降低植株密度一般会减小蒸散,但并不是相同比例地线性下降,不同植被类型反应也不一样,表现出降低密度减少蒸散的作用从乔木、亚乔木到灌木而变弱的趋势,降低密度减少蒸散的作用是有限的。对降低密度减少蒸散的作用大小,作为调控措施的有效性,有效的密度调控范围等,还需严格的对比实验和理论研究。估计和评价植被蒸散耗水时,用叶面积指数或叶生长量指标可能比密度更符合生物学逻辑。从在干旱缺水地区建立节水、稳定、高效、多功能的坡面植被的角度而言,草地和灌丛的蒸散低于乔木林,建立稀树草原或稀树灌丛式的植被可能更利于流域产水和植被稳定。从小流域管理的角度而言,还需考虑在土壤水分承载力空间差异的基础上,探讨能兼顾产水功能、水土保持、水源涵养、植被稳定的植被空间优化配置的理论和技术。  相似文献   

山西旱地小麦栽培技术体系的形成及其发展战略   总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17  

崔欢虎  张鸿杰  马爱萍  陈爱萍  王红 《农业现代化研究》2001,22(3):154-158

系统论述了山西旱地小麦在山西小麦生产中的地位、现状及其与降雨的相关性，回顾了山西旱地小麦栽培技术体系的形成与发展，提出了山西旱地小麦再上新台阶的5项战略性意见。  相似文献   

塿土旱作区施肥对小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响     

戴万宏  吕殿青 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》1993,(Z1)

研究了黄土高原南部塿土旱作区施肥对小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响。结量表明,合理增施肥料能显著提高冬小麦产量和水分利用效率,最高施肥量分别提高了1611kg/hm~2和0.235kg/mm水分。施肥量增加使小麦叶片水势有所降低,0～200cm土层贮水量呈发育前期升高而后期下降的趋势,改善了小麦植株自身调节和保持水分的能力,提高了产量和水分利用效率。  相似文献   

黄土高原旱地春谷吸肥与土壤供肥规律研究     

刘为红  张智晨 《山西农业科学》1995,23(3):9-14

１９９０～１９９２年在山西榆次市对黄土高原旱地春谷吸肥与土壤耕层供肥规律进行了研究。结果表明，土壤耕层氮磷供给能力动态变化遵循倒Ｌｏｇｉｓｔ１０生长曲线方程变化，钾的供给能力动态变化遵循一次方程变化；谷子不同生育时期吸收氮磷钾动态变化遵循Ｌｏｇｉｓｔ１０生长曲线方程变化；谷子一生随着生育进程对氮磷钾的吸收量逐渐增加，土壤氮磷钾供给量则随着谷子吸收量的增加而减少，即供给能力趋于减弱，氮的吸收高峰与土壤供给高峰基本一致，磷的吸收高峰在土壤供给高峰之后，钾的吸收高峰在土壤第一供给高峰期，孕穗至抽穗阶段是谷子吸收氮磷钾的高峰期；从谷子一生来看，吸收氮磷量小于土壤供给量，钾的吸收量大于土壤供给量。通过分析并对榆次市黄土高原区旱地春谷施肥问题提出新见解，即亩产要达到２００ｋｇ以上应重视施用钾肥。  相似文献   

陕西渭北旱源地区葡萄节水施肥与栽培技术研究     

赵文杰  杨旭武  冯星  卢颖莉  邵金奎  张述恒 《北方园艺》2011,(11):197-198

介绍了在海拔700～1000m高度且无灌溉条件的陕西渭北旱塬地区葡萄的节水施肥和"V"形架栽培技术,并将其与水肥条件良好的平原地区做了比较。结果表明:在陕西渭北旱塬地区使用黑地膜覆盖技术和施肥枪施肥技术,不但节约水肥,而且经济效益显著,值得推广应用。  相似文献   

不同地膜周年覆盖对冬小麦土壤水分及利用效率的影响   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

杨海迪  海江波  贾志宽  韩清芳  张保军  任世春 《干旱地区农业研究》2011,29(2):27-34

为了探明不同地膜覆盖对早地冬小麦土壤水分及其利用效率的影响,选用普通地膜、生物降解膜以及液体地膜在陕西渭北旱塬旱作农田进行周年覆盖集雨栽培定位试验,研究了不同地膜周年覆盖对冬小麦不同生育时期土壤水分总贮量和不同土壤深度水分动态变化及其利用效率的影响.结果表明、周年覆盖地膜可提高土壤含水量,有利于土壤水库的扩蓄增容,并且...  相似文献